314 EKTOZOA. 



discliarges, have been occasioned by its use. The patient should 

 also be warned that the remedy is very apt to pervert the eyesight, 

 so that he sees objects acquiring all sorts of colours, some appear- 

 ing yellow, others blue, or even green. The urine is also liable to 

 acquire a reddish tinge, a peculiar feature which is very liable to 

 cause alarm. All these strange phenomena, however, pass off 

 without any serious result, those affecting the sight generally 

 disappearing "within a few hours." Kiichenmeister thinks that 

 we "should never give more than eight grains in two days, 

 divided into doses of two grains each, twice a day." 



According to Dyer, the juice of the unripe fruit of the Carica 

 papaya, or papaw-tree, is an extremely valuable remedy. Dr. 

 Pockles of Holzminden recommends the powdered root of the male 

 shield-fern in conjunction with ordinary purgatives ; but kamala 

 and kousso, especially the former, are particularly worthy of trial. 

 In the hands of Drs. Mackinnon, Ramskill, and Leared, the red 

 powder of Rotleria tinctoria is said to have proved highly efficacious 

 in doses of from one to two drachms every four hours. The tinc- 

 ture of kamala is by some considered preferable. Panna has also 

 been recommended, but its anthelmintic virtues, in lumbricus, are 

 probably inferior even to kousso, which latter is given in the form 

 of powder in half-ounce doses. According to M. Davaine, the so- 

 called varec or Corsican moss, procured from various species of 

 Fucus, is much employed in France, but apparently without any very 

 great success. Aloes, scammony, jalap, and turpentine, and many 

 other drastic purgatives are still occasionally resorted to, but it is 

 very doubtful if any of these drugs have a special action on the 

 lumbrici. When their anthelmintic virtues depend only upon their 

 irritant qualities, it is better, perhaps, to dispense with them alto- 

 gether. Dr. E. J. Waring, in his brochure previously quoted, 

 speaks very favourably of a variety of remedies little known in this 

 country. Melanhorrhea usitatisswia ; thisis theTheeh-tsee (Zet-zi), 

 or black varnish of the Burmese. It is "a most efficacious" lum- 

 bricide. The Burmese also employ a fungus or worm-mushroom 



