highest temperature observed at depth was -1.37 C. occurred at 75 

 meters on 21 February 1961. This is exclusive of the highly 

 variable surface temperatures, the highest at this level was -1.29 C. 

 on 12 December 1960. The lowest temperature observed at depth was 

 -1.97°C. at 30 meters on 12 October 1960. Surface temperatures, 

 obtained by immersing a thermometer a few inches beneath the sur- 

 face when making-a BT drop, showed -2.78 C. on 29 November 1960 

 and 9 February 1961 and a second reading of -3.00 C. on 9 February. 

 These low temperatures were caused by supercooling in the confined 

 area of the icehole, surrounded as it was by 11 feet of ice. Sup- 

 posedly, below-freezing temperatures such as these also were noted 

 by the Australians at Mawson (Bunt, 1960) where temperatures of 

 -2.10°C. and -2.20°C. were recorded at and 5 meters. Surface 

 temperatures down to -3.00°C. were observed. In March 1956 in the 

 absolutely calm and open water of Vincennes Bay off the Balaena 

 Islets, the senior author recorded -2.13°C. on two reversing ther- 

 mometers which were lowered just below the surface (U. S. Navy 

 Hydrographic Office TR-33, 1956). 



Two apparently anomalous temperatures were recorded at the 

 icehole. Since only one reversing thermometer reversed properly, 

 they are not included in the tabulated records. On 29 July 1960, 

 a temperature of -2.02°C. was noted on one thermometer at 300 

 meters, with temperatures of -1.92°C. and -1.90°C. above and below 

 it respectively. On 18 November 1960 at 50 meters, -1.70°C. was 

 noted while the temperatures above and below were -1.92 C. Both 

 of these depths are levels at which maximum current activity was 

 noted, so that it is possible that the temperatures observed may 

 have been true. 



In Figure 5 temperature has been plotted against salinity for 

 winter and summer stations. In this figure, the winter salinity 

 scale was shifted 0.30 °/oo to the left to avoid superposition of 

 the two curves at lower levels. During the summer period of maxi- 

 mum stratification, it is noted that temperature-salinity relations, 

 from 5 meters down to 250 meters, show a fairly even progression, 

 with one minor exception at 50 meters where currents may account 

 for the temperature rise. Below 250 meters, however, there is a 

 confused pattern which simply indicates more or less uniform con- 

 ditions in both temperatures and salinity. Temperature-salinity 

 relations in mid-winter are markedly different; uniform conditions 

 prevail throughout the entire water column (if surface temperature 

 is disregarded). 



B. Salinity 



During the winter from May to early November, salinity showed 

 a definite and steady upward trend as shown in Table 3 and Figure 6. 



40 



