The Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests can be used to determine 

 if the populations of different areas are the same. Elliott (1971) anci 

 Sokal and Rohlf (1969) give detailed explanations of these tests. 



Similarity indices and coefficients are becoming popular as a numeri- 

 cal method for classifying many species populations. Over 25 indices and 

 coefficients exist; therefore, care must be exercised in choosing which 

 to use and in interpreting the results. Pielou (1977) discusses the 

 general literature on their use and presents four of the more commonly 

 used methods. These indices and coefficients have no comparative sta- 

 tistical basis, but do give some indication of the similarity of samples. 



VIII. COST AND MANPOWER ESTIMATES 



One set of samples, using a minimum number of personnel, is estimated 

 at $3,000 to $6,000 (1977 prices). A set is assumed to consist of six 

 stations (three intertidal and three subtidal) at each of three transects. 

 The cost varies with the number of samples taken per station, frequency 

 of sampling (seasonal, etc.), and the. surf and wave conditions. 



The minimum manpower required to obtain a set of samples and identify 

 the animals is: A four -man field crew (two qualified scuba divers and 

 two excellent swimmers) ; one trained laboratory technician (invertebrate 

 specialist) ; and one consultant to identify rare animals or difficult 

 groups of animals. 



The time required to analyze benthic samples varies with the level 

 of identification for the species collected. Generally, at least 3 

 hours is required in the laboratory for each hour in the field. There- 

 fore, the analysis may require the greater part of the budget. 



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