CONTENTS 



Page 



CONVERSION FACTORS, U.S. CUSTOMARY TO METRIC (SI) 6 



I INTRODUCTION . . ; 7 



II HIGH-ENERGY SAND BEACHES 7 



III PLANNING FIELD TRIPS .... 8 



1 . Prerequisite Information 8 



2. Timing Field Trips 9 



3. Field Crew and Equipment 10 



IV DESIGN OF SAMPLING PLAN 10 



1. General Guidelines 10 



2. Sampling Effectiveness 13 



3. Sampling Strategy 13 



4. Distribution of Samples 16 



V SAMPLING METHODS 17 



1. Establishing Sampling Transects 17 



2. Sampling the Swash and Surf Zone 18 



3. Sampling the Nearshore Zone 18 



IV SAMPLE TREATMENT 22 



VII POPULATION ANALYSIS 23 



VIII COST AND MANPOWER ESTIMATES 24 



LITERATURE CITED ' 25 



BIBLIOGRAPHY 26 



APPENDIX 



A NOAA CLIMATOLOGICAL INFORMATION SOURCES 29 



B SOURCES OF COASTAL WAVE DATA 32 



C GLOSSARY 33 



TABLES 



1 Characteristics of high-energy and low-energy beaches ...... 8 



2 Material and equipment needed for quantitative sampling of 



macrofauna on high-energy sand beaches 11 



3 Effect of increasing sample size on means per sample and 



confidence limits of major groups and species 15 



