20 THE GARDENERS’ CHRONICLE. Ax. 12, 
matter which can be np 2 — in a very short time, | its history = 1 pomologists ; and if its publica- | dens e of the finest Pears I ever ate; and one 
but that several years pt aried perseverance are | tion should te the preservation of the Queen of | at at Magdalen Hall, which I think equal to any I ae 
essen aai the mastery i even its outline English si 7 shall feel gratified. „ Mr. R. Thompson has pronounced to be a new 
E me ether partly in the „ ai ee rr f . — 
hope t the will assist in settling some differ- ’ ae T cb re raham. | 
ences which * come to our 8 bead nei urrounding the calyx (fig. 1, a), with very fine delicate | Ruricola, Belitha Villas, Barnsbury Park. 
cially k u e very — (b b) mihai i to the stamina and withered calyx 7 ——— TT arreen a 
oe , x : and extending to the margin of the spot. On cutting 
old English practice has fallen into we Sipat, away the ealyx I found —— which it was a e bpi oe 
owing n f impossible to discover before, concealed under the pro- xih species; Necrosis OF THE FoLIAGE.— 
apprentices by oe on — take them. But we must jecting margin, as shown pa and on disturbing the 1 of al vegetables are liable to a double Seana 
not N eing in any way the een it dropped by a thread from its mouth N it | which, either in whole or in part, disorganises and 
habit of taking — antice fees surreptitiously. To a quarter of inch Tong, of a dirty greenish them up, reducing them at last to a black powder, A 
place the apprentice in ape proper place, and to give —.— and reddis n down te back; the Kaki very hot wind in summer, a hoar-frost, or extra- 
the system of apprentice fees its true value, the was ochreous, with a square labrum, and two minute ordinary cold in spring, more especially, produce the 
employer must be a party to the binding as much as | antenne, having two A ae 3 para brown spots at effect. It will be readily conceived how injurious this 
| 
gardener 3 ; his full consent must be ob- | the base, and a line of me colour on each side, | disease will be to the plant, particularly when the young 
bi a ho must be wails pétfactly aware of tho with minute black we the — eie segment is ample, buds are not 50 fully developed. The leaves both 
Ar y horny, shining, and ochreous, variegated with brown; ish and t th d if th il, 
effect which the reception of apprentices has upon | there Bs : 8; 8 š | nourish an pro tect them, and if they fail, the budg 
2 ere are 8 or 10 minute tubercles on each segment, | cannot but suffer ex 1 mely. In the e neighbourhood od of 
his own interests. This ampi s it m many from which arise longish hairs; the six pectoral = any habitation where th as been a conflagration , 
cases would be very easily, there can pr o doubt | are spotted with black, and it it has eight abdominal and | 7 ever frequent Awy Sieben much — this 
that the advantages to horticulture es ‘te come | two anal feet; 3, magnified. necrosis will also appear very commonly. 
parent in a very few The number of lads is very difficult to counteract these different species 
applying to a gardener oe reception as * of malady, to which may probably be reduced 
in his master's establishment would be of itself a others which produce analogous e i sy 
of the excellence Of the > gardener himse = to prevent the consequ which result to the plant, 
at, en er, that the sanction of the em- w But before mentioning 
ployer is indispensable ; to kes: sands of men tee the preventive or curative methods which may 
ir places clandestinely is not only a direct fraud, e ttacked 0 — for the of 
but a dirty trick, disgraceful to all concerned in it. n iderations on the 
effects of frost and byes upon iam which may afford 
matter for — re 
* pruning of the Grape Vine are s sub- the j ——ðᷓ to an rahe ers economy is = 
j ve been often discussed, each person so much from the —— sity of the cold, as from 
ing, with much earnestness, tem he e cireumstaneos which precede, accompany, and follow it 
J f proceeding applicable under It i e that the winter frosts, by congealing 
tances ; for one g l p veins sam uids, increase thelr volume and cause a 
searcely be applied univ y uld laceration and bursting of the vessels. But, as in this 
eases alike successful. But I shall content myself with n, the masses formed by the low 8 
ir guidance the system most g t gradually dis it gently rises, 
be u easily unders b teurs, and stimulus produced by the . returning — 
which involves little difficulty in its practical execution. sufficient to ee the health of the plant. 
a young Vine to ha ted, and to Sometimes, however, it freezes in ne A as to 3 
have commen growing, only one shoot should be the lacer. f th he a n 
tted to run up the trellis. This may the sun restoring suddenly with great force the motion 
allowed to grow without stopping, until it reaches the My caterpillar died, but nr. Graham having placed | of the juices, this rapid alternation must be most fatal 
top of the rafter; one Vine will always be found to be one of the ~~ ears in > i r glass, 7 it with to the plant. The same thing may be said of the cold 
enough for one light, more especially as the amateur | paper, the caterpillar 1. 4 in one of t one af = which in autumn strikes the branches or buds, which 
will require to use his Vinery for plants in winter, and | changed to a 7 (4) ¢ of a 8 brown are as yet scarcely formed, and have rarely attained 
even during summer. umbers of plants are not the 7th of June a fem oth hatched, of whiek the fol 3 strength to resist it. There is also another 
g f re is 
injured by the partial shade of Vines, and the blossoms lowing are the keen : Tortrix angustiorana of consideration; those plants which rest in winter, are | 
of many are prolonged thereby. In the autumn, when | Haworth, rests with its ving nearly flat upon its back, | before th at miod too weak for the development of that. 
the wood is perfectly ripened, this one shoot may be cut | the edges of the 0 ones meeting and entirely con- | vegetation which is brought out by the first heats of 
down to the bottom of the roof sash, i. e. to the angle — aling the under wings. The wings of the female spring, and very sensible to a slight degree of frost. 
where the upri sash or wall meets it; for it is be- a7 y it sa a cinnamon colour; the st, howev "ren i po ene? 
tween this part and the top where Grapes are to be — are short an the palpi slightly project in | suddenly, but i increasing gradually, is o h greater : 
In the second year the Vine will push | front ; the upper wings ae several darker rusty marks, | ben age to plants than is generally bel beli ieved, 133 > «<= 
strongly, making a vigorous shoot the whole length | one an oblique oblong patch on the inferi rior margin | those ow am temperate zones. The cold i 
of the roof sashes early in the summer, even without | near the base, only — ding to the dise ; an indented peace ng to the theory of the Ane: rated uin) 
artificial heat. This should be stopped, as has | and oblique one in opposite 3 quite across closing by Wee Ta pores of all the upper 2 t of ee f 
been already recommended, at the highest point of the | the wing, from ie middle of the costa, where it is plant, causes the sap to descend into the roots, where 
house. In consequence of its early growth, the wood, | narrowest, to the anal angle, where it t is broade st; a has not to fear the effects of frost, being protected by 
in most instances, will be perfectly ripe by the end of third extends from the costa, where it forms a ares the soil, or in very cold situations by the thick bed bss 
summer. It will be observed that Grapes are not to be | spot, to the cilia, near the same angle; the pale spaces | snow. Spring frosts are the more fatal in in proporti 
obtained until the third season after planting, and then | between this and the central band and the apex, are | to the clearness of the atmosphere, and as the rays af 7 
only a limited crop should be taken from the Vines. more or less ornamented with spots 7 the ner- | the sun strike with more power upon the plant. It 
When the n p i ith si ining li in 
i 1 hird fi arin ures 
in spring, if all the conditions here set forth have been | times an ochreous oval spot ually at ‘the centre plants pe much the most, OFf this I 3 chen bad 
strictly complied with, that it will push and show for | of the costa ; the cilia are bright tawny ; under vap occasion to convince myself. In the extraordinary cold 
fruit at ogee eye, 3 at some eyes two and three not large, black, with a 2 ae cilia lighter ; fig. 6, | of the 27th March, 1805, in the phos of the Universit 
bunches will appear, but these should all be removed | magnifie The male is smal expanding only 6 young shoots of some Pears under a so 
except 2 a bunch . an eye is enough; over - erop- lines; it is m ker, 3 the head, thorax, | suffered — 1 more than those of the Apricots ere 
ping is a serious evil, and should at all times be guarded | and upper wings, which are silky dull Brey the mark- Are ope lost all their flowers, whilst 
against. The bunches, and berries too, will always | ings purplish -e latter prese 
come small under such conditions, They are also more | black at the — and along the costa, excepting the ricultural ga youre full of methods by which, 
liable to shank, and to be of indifferent colour. The | ochreous spot, ring ators distinct, or entirely wanting. — — to various writers even of great reputation, 4 
leading or main shoot, which has sprung from the top| The moths are inconstant in the tone of their colour- | vegetables may be protected from frosts or its fatal 3 
must be trained as before to the extreme point of — which led Mr. I Haworth to deseribe a ere of the | effects warded off. But most unfortunately they cat $ 
. the house, and then stopped. The lateral shoots pro- | male as Tortrix rotundana. In = it has been aay beget into practice in a very age RS extent of 
ducing the fruit should also be stopped one eye in ad- | published y M. Dupouchel as Peedi sag othe na, ntry, and for very er gee paces I will, 3 
hence bunch the and M. Gue serving 
8 
> 
8 
vance of that from w the eh springs, and M. é has given it the brie cael Batodes. | te some of them ill commence 
successive laterals which make their appearance during The injury which this cate illar does to the finest | that, in reg 8 . be means 
the season must also be removed at this joint. It must sorts of keeping Pea oa it desirable to find a | of diminishing if not of avoiding the evil in question. 
me an cae to ce Wh 
ee 
operations by whic vege’ 0 some pla 
i in | accelerated must not be . — Thus. Vines 
the bark, to undergo their transformations ; and as shoot forth the more rapidly, the sooner oe 9 working 
many more enemies 8 this delicious fruit resort to — the ground round them is commenced, w pigs be 
for i nay Feasts 
same ng can be 
hitherto un- | judicious than to sweep up the leaves and burn daa, abi conclude that the season is settled. 
su it of being an | or to subject them to speedy fermentation, at the same t has been reco es, the 
The French seem not to have | time keeping their stems clean. | with moistened straw, which will give out a much denser 
he mot I cannot refrain from remarking how seldom we get | smoke than when dry. They must be lighted up towards 
rtain that | good Poari in prime condition. Is it our seasons, sunrise, and so placed that the current of air whielt 
d | in 
will not bear comparison with another the next | ee may be excused in lamenting the fate of 
this insect; and garden even. I may add that Hayes, —_ See those who, 3 I ments to theoretical aiw 
not] is a stiff clay over gravel, yet there are in us gar- | ture, for the illustration of practice, are consulted 
