Dr] ⁰m̃ -5 n K: 
3—1850. ] THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 45 
fal of earth on the end of each. Turnips stored in this way | put on, and the TTT 
fresh till the end of May; but nit is wished are pulled. This 9 labour costs gine 23. * — bulb, there may be 
otis as it may be necessary to ce 1 over in Scotch acre, but e nly when we consider every adva part of the leaves an and root is left. 3 
the month of April, to — the growth, covering them as be- attending it, it is pe 3 money. The poaching of the — other three experiments were tried: first 
fore. In removing the stems and roots, care should be taken | and the cutting up oe roads are avoided, while it is ne zoa 2 inches of shaw, and the main root lett at the bulb, we 
not to injure the bulbs ; and they ought never to be poroa 5 a pe horses can be best spared from the plough.— ‘on exposed for 52 days, and before being rewei 
frozen state, otherwise they will be liable to spoil; however, if | Dalkeith, said: The system of storing Turnips which I ye found to have lost 2 ewt. 25 Ibs. per ton, Another 
not conyenient to cart them off the fie immediately on being adapted for be e years past, and with rr results, is weighed, topped, and tailed as the preceding, co 
pulled, by pl the on the field, rnips I expect to be consumed previous to the straw in the usual way, and rewei l 
and covering them with the stems, they will be protected from ie “of 228 are topped and tated and put up in heaps of was found to have lost 2 cwt. per ton. 
slight frosts, and may be carted off the first dry or frosty day. £ tt in width at the base, and 34 feet in agar: this size of | to the last, was closely covered up beneath a 2 1 
Second, with regard to Potatoes; it is almost unnecessary to | heap overing—they kept from the ingress of water, and, on again tryi 
say that these roots must be protected from the influence of the = covered with loose straw next to the Turnips, and mm . found to have lost 57 Ibs. a ton —correspo 
weather, that they be kept Y cool, and res . frost. At with a coat of well dried thatch, similar to that used on sulting from the 2 inches of leaf thej were left on 
one time it was no uncomm ractice t store Potatoes in and hay stacks; the ropes are put on Treg topped and fastened | fallen off in me 1 of them a second time 
large houses to the depth of 6 * 7 feet, or * large pits 6 or 7 . pegs stuck into the heap, having the ropes and otherwise, these three other trials 
feet in width; all that was considered necessary, if they were round them. This finishes the storing for winter’s na: Bik ose | the — — —Mr. M'Lean, Braidwood, said: T trus 
lifted dry, being to keep them free from frost; but of late years, stented for spring — 2 are bulked up wit ouble- be rmitted to state some of the modes practised in th 
such a proceeding would be a most hazardous experiment. | moulded plough, Braye to Potatoes, men es a the lous higher districts, in which I reside, and where 
When Potatoes are lifted from the 22 however dry they | with spades to e any high standin ng rnips t may be | requisite to preserve them from the ni ping frosts and vermin 
may be, and put together in quantities, they throw off a consi- | left uncovered by “the plough; they are left in this state till by which — — * Si —＋ — be assailed when likting them i 
derable quantity of moisture, or, as it is — eee wanted, and are rought once more foray! sight by the applica- | November, in pits for winter use. I hay 
sweating takes leder fh spiny is repeated to a less or greater ex- | tion of a pair of he e drills ; te — that | found earth praa — A to straw, not being so apt to tak 
tent every time they are moved or — reer and of lata remain till seed- time ‘approaches should 4 — bea a similar in rain. When storing, great care should be taken not te 
years, since the 3 of the Potato disease, even with | way to * intended for winter's use, but les e is neces Leak the Turnip by the ehawing knife, but left in the sam 
sound Potatoes this take place to a gre eater extent sary ; p rom th e effects state as those now upon the table, neatly topped but not tailed 
then formerly, and if means b t taken to all hod of T 1 those cut are more likely to be decayed. Bulking up by the 
thus g eis great risk of heating or fer- protects ten from the 3 of a 1 also from the ra vag s | plough, as mentioned by Mr. Black, is an excellent 
mentation * aj which the whole mass may be of hares, rooks, and rabbits. mention that I much Fy preserving them, besides benefiting the land by stirring up the 
destroyed. Potato ba ts storing should be moderately ripe, and | mired the plan of : ee Potatoes followed by Mr. G. re subsoil; I have left portions undone, and have found the 
k lifted aa and probably the best mode ap Prep ai ~~ is 1p Libberton eo thie se He d them with a coat of following crop better where bulked up. A plan very generally 
: put them cool well-ventilated hous a de epth not e well-drawn and N . 2 m to remain Şa this | adopted is to run up a double moulded plough through every 
F t state till the fermentation which UET takes pes had ale. or fourth drill, according to the weight of the crop, by 
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eng 23 “feet; but care must be taken ron 5 
light, otherwise 3 on os surface will turn green “and ac- abated, and then covered them with earth when the straw had | careful shawing, putting them neatly into the opened iurrow 
quire a bitter taste ; but where Potatoes are grown to any ex- | become 4 ely ri thus obviating the injurious —— that and with e common plough once roun p y 
i tent, such an anotat of aecormmodation as would be required invariably follow ron 9 ete gies up while the pro- em. Thi i beneficial in sheep farms, as they 
for this purpose is seldom to be obtained, and, 232 | cess of fermentation is goi n, particularly to those intended ner be a ilo wed to pasture near them with safety. When 
recourse must be had to pitting. The pits should not ex- for see hy Mr. Fassen tells mse that the ponies stored in this | wanted, W m up the double moulded plough, you 
ceed 4 feet in width, raised to a point in the centre of manner have kept better than any other method of storing | scatter them to both sides, and get them easily removed, 
about 3} feet in Tan 3 * th a view to facilitate he has tried this season. — Mr. Mruviy, of Bonnington, | and I have — found them fresh va when 
the drying of the Potato and carrying off the moisture | Ratho, said: I believe it was Professor Johnston that, in one shored in pits.— Mr. FINNIE, Swanston, said: I will confine 
that is generated, lines = grain tiles or pipes may be put of = — 1 7 to agate fs told us that when we were at a loss myself to one or two remarks on the storing of Turnips, 
along t 3 5 pupe of the pits, — at short intervals car- to what was agricultural truth, we ought at once to which well deserves more of our attention. Wherever 
ried up to the , and also cross lines opening to the out- — a i istiot of Wacave, meaning by that to perform an expe- | I have been in either England or Scotland, there appears 
aide: the Pétatons are chen to be — — with straw or turf, riment for ourselves, and — mr the answer. 2 = the one uniform practice of s oriog Turnips, viz., throwing 
above which a mo 3 quantity of ea Of course, on the |s ubject of the storing of roots, it appears to me that however | them together in large heaps, and in general regardless of their 
approach of frost, the openings of the ‘tiles or pipes must be | much general knowledge pee may 1 . — the subject exposure to wind and weather—the quantity put into one mass 
carefully closed ; and here is no doubt this plan 3 to a cer- and —.— gentlemen ered have eee — in this discussion | —and whether, as the season advances, the stock — set 
tain extent, have a beneficial effect ; but where it can be done | have most thoroughly wn their possession of it—in — to | them in the state most likely to afford the greatest am 
with safety, a better mode is to cover “na pits with straw only, | some — points, a Hetze exact — would be of use, | nourishment, I have been most solicitous to ee “better in 
until the Potatoes have become quite dry ; and if the omits be : do 45 2 — oe this, or now to enter . the — = formation 25 — art of my practice, 2 the remarks, th 
ut on to a depth of 9 or 10 inches, in the 2 man s in takin ps be fore winter, as I have nothing to offer fore, I am make, are not so much with a view 1 87 
thatching a stack, and firmly roped down, they will rag boter: that * ‘bers * acquiesce in the views 5 — holding — a system for adoption, as to i N others to point 
and the straw thus put on will resist a considerable amount tte, at i must — it would be very ae — have had out its I believe every farmer will admit that it is 
= bad weather, but on the approach of severe frost it may be rate series of experiments prepa saivable to go to the fields during the winter months 
ecessary to put on additional ee, which may be of “spare localities to have learned the actual gain ‘therefrom, But | for a — of Turnips for either rearing or feeding cattle. 
litter, or they may be covered up with salt coat of earth ; wee to submit to the meeting is the actual | Two evils result from it—lst, the poaching of the land; and, 
e be a good m m clay a 
| w op! one 
dise . mongst them, but if ine e are een storing — The first experiment undertaken was earth which is unavoidably brought home with them, In 
extent, 107 — Te —— to separate them before storing.— to ascertain if any, or what amount, of loss of weight arose another respect, I think I shall be su pported ngpi ia I state that 
Mr. MacLaGan, jun., of Pumpherston, said: There are three | from having Turnips topped and rooted in the een way, and | Turnips raised before frost sets in are m. nutritive, 
things to be guarded against in storing the Potato, viz., damp- | left exposed in — fields for iod of ti A quantity were | and, to use a homely 3 stand — aches sph than 
ness, frost, and heating or fermentation. In as far as I have taken up on the 19th. October last, cleaned, weighed, and those left exposed to the winter blasts; and in sho 
been led to form an opinion, I think this object can best be heaped up, a a ved to remain exposed to wind and weather hardly a season 3 without many being entirely destroyed 
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accomplished by storing in pits. When Potatoes are stored in | until i when ge 2 9 re-weighed, and the | by frost and other causes, My object, therefore, has been to 
a house, there is generally too great a quantity of them put loss pe 2 days. | endeavour to adopt some systematic plan by which the cattle 
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ogether, even though they are not beljan too high, = this is | This fact speak agi vie e pulling, and — to | may have their supply of Turnips during the winter months in 
apt to induce fermentation, and produce rapid dec From —.— Hi the fields, of "Tornipe, for any length of — It seemed | a way most likely to forward the fattening process. Towards 
the extensive use of the Potato, and its ‘acknowledged epee er of some importa to test accura the loss of | the end of Pre ge generally speaking, the Turnip crop may 
ance as food for man and pe ast, public ntion has wäi ight ‘that t Turnips suffere — fro om being — in the usual be said to e growing for the season. I therefore 2 
more than ordinarily directed to its — . ver way, in rather small heaps, and covered with straw in an open | the quantity, required for the months of November and De- 
yarious methods have been 3 for this purpose. I exposed place. A 1 so a ee on the 19th of October, | cember, root and stem them in the field, and drive them home 
have found the common triangular pit to be as good, with a few and e yan on the Hth of December, showed a loss of | to some . spot about the steading, not laying tco 
simple precautions for preserving the P ny method 1 ewt. 60 Ibs, in e 5 rather an unlooked-for fact, to me at many together, and give them a covering of ap ee — 
recommended. It should | — as I was of needed for — I store in pits similar in 
i y | the air from ans freely through them The nex . 1 but res iy ug the Joa antity to 15 cwt. er 1 ard, 
inquiry i r intend 
Turnips, after being taken up, that no loss of might shall March, I cut of the tops, but porn the roots, a — I find they 
esult. A quantity, therefore, was sunk into the ground, the | keep that length of time in a h fres te than when 
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ut on them, | bottom of the hole laid with straw, and the — ‘all closely | the roots are taken 2 Pa the e quantity per — yard is re- 
covered with earth in the usual way. The Potatoes are very | covered over with this also, and one foot — of earth laid | duced to 12 
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apt to heat when they are laid in a body, even 3 3 above all. The arte that fell was also shade When his | until the Grass is jenny, are left — ie in the field, beyond 
should not be larze, and a moisture exudes from them rtion was re-weighed, it was found not > save — any doing what Mr, Black practises— running a double moulder 
are sa at. Now. | weight 8 "Tt would gepos 8 — ee sealing | plough between the od pce covering them as completely as po 
remove the dampness, that if sweating should occur it m hem up, as the chemists w. say, at this period of the year, | sible with earth, and there they remain until the land must be 
attended with no worse consequences, This may be best 15 hey can A preserved Beter, — 2 After the able state- | cleared for the sowing of the Barley, when they are stored in 
either by evaporation or by absorption, Itis done by evapora- | ments we have heard from those pi rat eg qualified to lead | pits of similar s as those already refi to. I should 
tion when the pits are ventilated by opening a connection | opinion on this subject, it is not for n presume to say in | have stated that. I first gave che pits a thin sprinkling of straw, 
between the interior of the pit and the external atmosphere, | what manner the Turnip heap — Po sacha but I would | over which the slightest covering of earth is thrown, I would 
— = gr egg se i effected by placing ventilators of merely point to what the a above San. would | prefer the earth alone; but in going to the pits in frosty 
op of the pits, or causing a pran of air | lead, and it is every one’s duty to satisfy themselves on this | weather, the straw prevents the earth sticking to the Turnips, 
throught the Potatoes, "y means of . — placed across the pit at head, which they can gap? and cheaply do, as their expectines and admits of them being taken to the cattle in a much cleaner 
e er y places. Thos — have tried this olan have recom- | may "differ from mine. And first a all, it appears obvious | state. ee ca Saughton Mains, alluded to a different 
ended it as most effi but th a — ore to it is that, if that ae ought to — received from the field as soon as mode ring Turn nips, particularly Swedish, They 
— properly attended ¢ to eg AP frost, th tatoes are o very apt possible after being pulled; and next, “that they mes laid into as | are „ from ae 3 aig a grown, and taken Pron 
to get frosted. Or the dampness may —— emoved by absorp- large masses as possible ; for — — way they are much easier a field = re amc he teadin where they 
tion, by throwing any absorbing material, such as sanis, protected from bee l influe But here a he another placed, the leaves N rooli 3 placed closely together. 
or simply dry earth, among the Potatoes, durin — the pro- | subject must be guarded 8 — that is tho danger arising | in this Way one acre will hold the pome 
cess of pitting; and these substan nces, by a orbing thé | from internal 33 ist heir few crops of Turnips + to 15 acres.. Mr, hog ag s experimen * aaa 
moisture exuded by the Potato, keep it always rs and thus but contain many rotten o og * any bulbs, apparently at 1 ciency in weight by storing, It would be desirable 
render it more certain of keeping, I know an instance where, | sound when taken up and put É — . eae store, soon manifest to learn from Professor Gregory or Dr. Anderson if this was 
before the present failure of the Potatoes, a farmer made a | symptoms of 5 ; and us substances when in this state attended with any serious loss to their feeding — 
28 of throwing in some soil among the Potatoes as they | evolve heat, the temperature of the mass rises ; for we are all | Professor GREGORY said, the mere loss of weight by no means 
e the 
p and eq 
Potatoes preserved sound in the pits in that 2 checked from growing during winter. So soon, therefore, as Turnip, It must first be ve mined naeta the whole or ted 
though other farmers had the same karioi but ne “pacar thi the heat of the heap increases, a fresh growth commences ; 5 of that loss is caused by erapor udation of th 
t be sto —— this very growth again produces are heat, as we can easily | juices of the plant. Ift the latter, the loss would be great.— —Mr. 
ies prove from he tee in te. Erag ge pe takes place when iner, 1 — T like other ts, must 
heap, they $ — ** —— of fermentation and decay at Barley is malted. The w in a changed state; the havea he thought they should be raised and 
the bottom, and in the middle of the heap; if, on the other | vital pow 2A of be bulbe eni paano they have no rootlets | preserved as s dry 15 possi he Turnip, he thought, was 
hand, they are exposed singly to a withering dranght, the feed- | to push into the moist earth, wherefrom to draw n November, by 1 e 
ing substance is soon evaporated, and no thea aro is left ca the — * the stores contained within the bulb must be | seven years found them to keep — 2 He had 
—— reso from 
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tremes against w t guard. And here, a 8 — re be an olig — uns ound, the warmth produces decom „that it was impossible to keep them without their 
object is best pet 1 Sg suring in pits rather ER house. — — pon en there, and the decaying vi * spreads. We giving way. They —— de well stored — to frost. 
In storing Turnips the ground on wi are to be put | therefore see that, between the two extremes, we must choose utting close to the roo 9 = be ly guarded a aga inst. 
should be freed of all s pegant * — s — pe erat should | that free of heat, utah, while preventing the external influ- | He had also another —— had ofte 
first be thrown down in a body from 3 to 4 feet high, with a rain, s unsbine, and drought from injuriously —— of stuff ings treacle given out by the Turnips, and he 
flat top, and straw thrown over them to preserve them from | affecting its contents, — permitting the free egress ot internal anxious kno far this affected their feeding 
the frust; the rain falling from above, and — = h | heat, is the best. The free passage of the air through the mass qualities. r — Caset ‘remarked, that the fact iquid 
, t! is eit cas coverin 255 
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keeping the rote fresh, The great ty I — felt in — — pe ae es too g Rows of heaps, about 6 feet 
getting Turnips stored, is the removing of. aden from the field, | wide igh, — Ja perta to each pe, — = Te juices actually obvious that the 
whieh is generally i wet, that it is not only oppressive to my — surface 1 ievel ied — 2 straw 80 soon as exudation = — mere must Fare | been highly inj — to the 
horses to them off, but injurious to the field tor the — is the form t rs to combine most — ay footing oe the roots ; and it ined een under 
mext crop ; ok besides, when the cartage of such a bulky | while — — — —ů— of | stacks, or any short ; damp t — t exudatio on. k place, as well as how 
ard ought + be 5 had to —— it was * be avoided.— Dr. ANDERSON said that, of cou if the 
on the Ba We on ry straw. There <a -aae 2 dimin <i — ags to exudation, it would involve a 
er ploughing our stubble land than injuring our Turnip | ject deserving some — * in reference to this matter — loss, and easy whether or not 
field, and cutting up our roads by such great cartage. and that is 4 y nea the 3 eiea bg and | this this was ron a a course of some how- 
allude only to when the weather is wet, which in nine | tailing of the 1 ought 0 
— cut of ten is the case at the very time we are most aer $n m the top — the he Bat ali slipped we peso with the 
fous to store our Turnips, therefore necessary that | shaw, and at — times > too far up. Since 
we shoud nas — 3 — to preserve them in the | the — analysis of th —— a that ore is near opinion 
928 till w nabled to get them home. | as much solid matter in it — — is would — — — cal one, on the subject — 
7 o been Pen — for this, such as perhenn that more atten ation shouts be paid it for the o payat tion of Turnips, 
ploughing in, ie. ; bat | the on I have to — ok these i of being consumed by stock, but this does not seem the —— to keeping them in the ground — they ted — 
t I cannot cart them home fresh at the very time I desire, case ; Pr after all, perhaps, the best application tion of Pei is to — because any further growth nest ope a a 
= — frost. The jien. 1 have — laterly is to shaw plough it i n green; still there is Ae gent te of the thick end of dimina tion of their value; when in the they are in the 
them all, and then throw them into heaps, 6 yards apart, in the antia that — À * = attac to the bulb, and cattle e condition to take 4 eof any warm day, and to deteriorate 
field, * cover them with the shawe, and then when a frosty | not to reject they do the rest of the blade. Now, it by the 1 growth. He might be to observe, 
Morning comes sufficient to bear the carts, the whole force is — 6 me thas tit fe possible shad when. the leaves ves and | that he thoug „ of information 
