51850. ] à THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 75 
0 
2 ars. of Peas or Beans, — 4 Ea — . £3 15 horse's leg, pulling at ee 5 it seizes at onee five tf in e, whilst tro pounds, at aroirdupois, 
: . — — — —＋ — * 5 pon the wheel, and drives it round; and instantly (oy of coa steam. engine 7 bo able to w him to 
g 20 f. n er Horley. 8 that law of occult affinities — alluded to) a dem that height è in a few min e same manner it 
is raised for the most ect surface, for the — — has been eee, that one sae, coals ane 7 Virtue in 
Cost, exclusive of the Barley e -£15 0 ©) to run on: the iron rail is supplied, and Mr. M‘Adam, es to perform orm the orse-power required to phugh a 
10 pigs, when killed, weighed 134 score 8 Ibs., though a vie | good in his day, is discarded. , | hundred acres of land, — 4 we but discover the proper 
ud fetched 88. 6d. per score, or én . 57 2 0 again, instead of working at the pump-handle, it seizes — of appl, pplying steam to cultivation. To plough a 
Deduct expenditure, as above os — 15 0 ©) at once upon the sucker-rod and drives it up and down. | hundred acres of land by horse-power costs about 402. 
Leaving, to Pay for 30 qrs. 3 bush. of Barley (which 3 of . time and labour in — er, — We can 1 a kind of judgment therefore in advance 
would not have fetched more than 26s. ad quarter rward ac of the oar, it be along the vessel by | of its realisation — of the comparative cost of the 
in the market) ... 42 2 0 * con 75 stroke of the paddle-w — or, still production of food animal power and b m 
I am as astonished as the reader may be. I had more simply, by the screw. But of all its triumphs, the | power. In the days of Alfred, when the purchase of a 
almost forgotten, as items of food, buttermilk from two greatest and the most astounding was when the puzzling book made a serious gap in the ineome of a prinee, the 
eos, occasionally some skim milk, a little cut apr or | problem of the Spinning-wheel presented itself! Here | price of a volume of the “ Penny Cyclopedia” w 
Vetches, and stubbling, the value of which the reader | was the foot, the thumb and fin oger, the directing will- | have afforded matter of more just incredulity than can 
* can guess as well as I can; but the last lot has “had " all at work at once, and all to be imitated and rh prudently be entertained in the present day of the 
a more skim milk than the others — seded: the very moisture of the skin ee e | possible ee of that Sid to the production of 
ve ributed pee ia to this otherwise — 5 and hardening of the twist, as it was —.— 3 which has already been applied to that of clothing, 
f incre: able account. I have examined it over nd over | between the fingers! What a dase attempt by The mechanical eee on of artieles of physical want, 
** in, and cannot find any error. Amicus Tul the dead rollers of machinery. Under the full glare of is a — of human labour, in which all experience 
A EE am such a precedent, what upon the same earth, it may be | warrants us in anticipating the greatest economical im- 
aise ete 9 oe, 1 surely asked, declares that the act ‘of in — and | provements ; and true philanthropy can hardly devote 
while, howe ask, the | crushing a clod of soil should present an insurmountable — more wisely than to the furtherance of such 
specific impediment that forbids Re banns Tete the | or an unprofitable task to steam-driven machinery? I ip ne as well as the suppression of nies —— of 
Steam-engine and the Plough-share ? at it is that | say “inverting and crushing,” ‘for i in those two acts lies their a 3 ment which often delays 
5 ts the versatility— Nese Rg ad ‘marked the problem of cultivation. In a dry climate it is | its — ity discourages. Mr. — A into 
attribute of steam power) - whie essel of simpler than under our moist atmosphere, for we are the History of Agriculture. 
a and tons across * “ale nti ** st a obliged to chop the soil instead of erushing it. If we —— 
and sea, or spin the finest 3 with a touch | analyse the actof cultivation as performed by the spade, 
. e human thum finger—what | it is as follows :—The blade is pressed to the requisite Home a tat 
preve ents it from being applied to * clumsy perform- | depth into the soil, the handle is then bent down, as a uting to Eaves.— Many of us unable to get 
ance of bess Plough ? lever, to lift the slice, which is turned over, and dropped | our ele es put up pri aipe s gta the oe 
it is a clumsy erformance : and that noble | into the trench, top ownwards ; the under surface, thus round ou m-yards, and th is that, 
power will pave nothing * do with it. It is a law to | exposed, is then chopped and cut, in order to admit the although ide yr taken the — step to 
which the annals of in 1 bas given repeated | atmosphere, which in fact is the real fertiliser after all, | construct tanks iquid manure 
33 per late discovered powers of Nature will not and to expose the soil to which, as wi as possible, ing from our yards, we in rainy times 
o those means kat A pe iances which they | is the whole Me e t of cultivation. It is hardly necessary contents of the tank so weak and “small-beerish,” 
8 
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8 
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— 
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They refuse to waste themselves, to point out how ers this i h done by the plough, | that it is not worth the labour to pump up a 
From the natural sympathy—so to speak—which exists | Instead of inverting, it turns the only half or three- | carry to the fields. Much the greater quantity there- 
between the best of its kind » in every department of | quarters over : it ‘Goes see I ieh it — 3 i he meng fore at such times runs to waste after the tanks are 
i uced the perception of a corre- | it from its bed, instead of raising an ing it. It filled. Will you or any of your readers be so kind as 
Iį Sponding law of antipathy between things separate and | is true it bre: ake the pri if light, but as is * heavy soils to inform me what would be the best mode of extracting 
incongruous in their nature and degrees of excellence, that most need breaking; and in proportion as the | from the large — of 3 entering the tank in wet 
i rder of invention. It is not the in- | furrow-slice is broken, it often drops back, and the | Seasons the small proportio —s e tter which 
i i i omple ce 
nversion 
j (an instrument employed for the either actually peeping at the edge of the furrow-slice, | centrated form for use at a time — it t will be more 
4 f applying animal rig ee to the act of caltiva- | or if concealed, yet seldom 3 buried to be | serviceable. Would not gypsum thrown at intervals. 
tion, and belonging only to that secondary class of | destroyed: but what is worse, it does all its work at the into the tanks fix the ammonia, and when emptied from 
— expe i 
r the 
by the a, the scufiler, the roller, kas gy ts to | the repeated gens — the share, and the stamping of | head will enlighten An Ignoramus. ene a waste 
. by m i W 
1 re d can fi with the tank th 
{ Which, after all, is not so well done as ‘tis is seco mplished more forbidding a — pe barrier to the de- bulk of charred 2 — by and bye elean — 
in one good digging by— TUR Spapr. Is there nothing | scending roots than such a pavement as this meeting | filter and use it as ure.] 
in this to furnish a suggestion as to the mode in which | the sponge-like fibres that are destined to find nourish-| Hig Farm rr the -oe on 3 subject in a 
7 m. power must be applied, fe ever, to the problem of | ment for the stem, and which begin to seek it at the late Gazette, the writer o is fast 
cultivation 2 “We estimate the expense of a summer’s | greatest depths, just when the plant is in the latter ing. when t e plough mu must A = 32 a better and 
E fallow, on stiff land (five ploughings, with harrowing, | stages of its growth, forming the grain in the ear ? This more effectual instrument; if not the s — it must be 
| &c., to correspond, and loss by Rent), at 57. per acre. | evil the spade entirely avoids: it neither hardens nor nearly assi — in its ts effe cts.” e has been 
It could be well dug, for less money, at one operation, | loosens the subsoil, it leaves it precisely in its natural | proved so superior to the plough, that many of — 
_ Why is it not? Because our horses and implements state, moderately stiff, a condition perhaps the safest for farmers begin to “think of returning to that primi 
_ would be lying idle, which are rendered necessary by planks of the grain tribe, which require a firm footing method. This will never do, onward is the h 
the whole economy of the farm-arrangements as at to earry their loug stem, though for the more succul Why should we mot have a spade engine! My idea of 
Present constituted, and which prevent the possibility | tribes of root-crops a subsoil — to a greater depth such a machine is, that it should be a revolving box, 
or adapting handwork on the scale required to get the | is desirable. containing teeth ; on the outside of the box, on one side, 
fields ready at the proper periods; and, also, because The plough is certainly a oie * upon a three rows of spades, opposite the same number of 
cultivation by hand requires a peculiar co-operation of light than upon a stiff soil. It is upon heavy and re- | forks, six in each row, thus the machine would contain 
Seating 0 understood by employers of spade-labour), | tentive clays that the superiority o of retin spade is pre- 18 spades and as many forks. The spades to raise the 
ing either an inward impulse, which nothing but |eminent, Here, therefore, is the great field for im- -= and conduct them into the box, as the box — 
e, or a lynx-eyed rovement : w ew po ich 
q ce, the expense of which Somers the balance | embrace so large a portion of Great Britain), is a mode | subsoil, as the forks left ta subsoil — — 
a prof palen 3 over the clumsy honesty | of cultivation which may be accomplished without the the box, and spr on the land 
a animal power as we : ; m 
; acres i worked land. The ; „and moved 
— ar, and the oper for his ay pra m will therefore, the subject of cultivation by steam, the by a couple of horses. Machinery for agriculture is far 
: uickly the ope ration—almost the idea of the plough is a misleader. What we want in the wake of every other thing in I 
Mimeelf of th that a "which Tite ever is not to plough the la * l to 5 “ne and | Many works on the steam engine, in regard to its appli- 
to his own p to you if, as I h show, the plough and all cation to mines, mills, steam navigation, and railwe 
e plough, and all the. instruments. that follow Bas its 9 3 — a mere Ae for the But no aid for the farmer. Let us consider a ip fo 
aze oniy the “ animal-power” substitute for that m spade, and on stiff soils in a moist climate, a very | — one that is to bring us gold and s 
proces accomplished aplished in brief by the s ie. expens ‘de cumbrous, and imperfect one, the object one some „ 
_ when worked by the foot, held by the 3 directed she inventive machinist will be better directed, as wall corn; does he send a number of ‘small heavy vessels 
_ by the skill, and purpose, of manual . This is as simplified, by discarding it altogether from his similar to those owned | — the 
_ what mechanical power must imitate ; not the luggish Gunga, and concentrating his attention on the action | Spade was invented! No, he will apply a large sum of 
y 3 spade. 
charts, compass, 
seam of surface, g a fulcrum of The gardener scarcely permits a dog to walk over a an intelligent captain. Suppose now the same degree of 
Which lies below, and ee jus preming Ne polishing the the bed that has been testy worked; yet the farmer is intelligence and expensive machinery was used in rais- 
_ Sub-soil year after year into barren impermeable | obliged to let his whole team of horses with all his heavy ing the corn at et or 3 again that our a 
induration, which the roots of no — can penetrate, | implements pass over his land many times after the were as rudely and manned as our farms 
imitate ; he seed film over the | fo: ei l 
nat ans of which is necessary where the spade can | dismal work made in damp weather by the tread of the | ever may promise to be to the — — 
h 
ho 
A- d. ors i 1 3 
4 hy then should we wish that ploughing hate Nast On heavy land, in a moist season, this is most | only to look to Ireland, ar | there is not one, 
be, done by steam-power, stationary or locomotive ? pernicious: in fact, it limits the cultivation of such | ignorant he may ne s e rr 
twel the | the landlords, : 
3 Wi i ren 
l pors which the farmer by necessity performs in attempts at cultivation by steam seem to have failed, | Shall we suffer ourselves to sink into the same slough 8 
d * i this experimentalist | Anon. | 
lishes it in ne. As well might we expect to cue With (eties Ut Sie ivstrament the bat isto pò dioi i ee ihe premat: day, when so mueh 
4 ay successfully the boiler and cylinder of a loco- backwards and forwards across the eld, like a pae is said and written on the subject of “ high 
R i stationary engine. | é read 
the pole of a four-horse or the shafts of | either by a locomotive or a it becomes the duty of all who “pg and 
d agon e a or the | necessity exists. The Si. pon dA | well the caleulations pu 
distaff and spindle of a cottage s wheel, as field: it acts perpendicularly upon the spot it is applied de laudable in itself, must lead wa a 
attempt to gear on the power of * to me A 8 to; separating, lifting, and inverting each spadeful in error and misunderstanding. I am a great 
_ Clumsiness of a plough. In every case where steam has | succession, neither damaging by any farther pressure for high farming, in a qualified sense of the 
_ Superseded animal lg (as it is its mission to do), | the soil it has once moved, nor N the subsoil when your correspondent “ Verax, a yo 
it has demanded to be harnessed to the work with a underneath, in the act of moving it. Paper of the 19:h Pe asserts that land 
aud their liances, and has seized at once the shortest John Herschel has well observed, that in reaching the | 30s. per acre, I must beg o 
A means to its object Instead of the leverage of the summit of Mount Blanc, a man must toil for four or find that DAQ ene „ 
s of its own; it has rejected old-fashioned tools In reference to the economy of steam power, Sir 10 inches deep at 4d. per rod, whieh is little more 
