5—1850. | THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. — 77 
p 
proved under skilful hands.” So L. V. — Big has not 
E Lares cart to recommend, but “X. X. Z.“ cer- 
SS A RS RS ĩ1mͥ%ä57?2 
and the dull belief that what a has seen practised Beamish, 45 acres of land were now under experiment at 
for 20 years must be incapabl “of i im 2 . T. F.. ß Eg other modes, and he would commu- 
go panes P nicate the result at subse uent meeting. There was a 
e 
ment, disturbing the whole of the soil without removing i 
ers’ Clubs. H poe: dpa daa the v views of Mr. 3 By bis mateo 
Newcastie, Aug.— I. Which is the best method | you th 1 
oa rov R co hen it has become hide- | © ould sooty whatever Labs you thought 0 — II. Whether 
ae 2 ‘ s Grass land whe is it more proptable ef bees 1. B pr when he a are 28 
pay i ee 5 — Grass $ be se Re akin ng a me years’ o ta 
wh cro. = aray A Lr. cing an t 
on rae subject from Mr. ah Taylor, of Abeer meee and Arh 440 2 re cours, due regard 
from Mr. D. F. Joves, a og ae iy both of which he again rea ad a Ace tra pote Mr 
would read, Before doing so, he would just take the liberty of finishing the course of cropping at the seventh instead o 
i bori 188 e tee ail saying, that it was little to the. credit of a Club possessing 2 200 | eighth year,” he said 5 w 5 
‘take their place. If a plough 1S to e ’ Y | members, to send only two * in co with | plete sacrifice of a crop, were it not that many good and 
work required a tree or half a tree must be cut up, | the subjects for to-day’s die ussion. Mr. Tayl eon — e as | money-making farmers consider 
follows :—‘* The idea eee to me by the term nid. ound i is, able. Tbe grounds of this — sat I find it impossibl 
that the roots os the Grass are so 1 wae i and so firmly | discover. It is acknowledged that land can 
; at the blades of Grass | tion under the usual four-course of e cropping, provided we 
ely fail f the Grass by the subs 
ey covering of dead getabl e matter, — tion, occa . of some erop which shall pi tn 2 
lier f an 0 ch — he ke ‘a 8 toget e rabl the soil nor gep md its being 5 with weeds, Since the 
8 t — a a ess 0 and moisture i u ei ars’ course 5 merel that the four-years 
in every village there was a well- terae 0 ther = b mei ‘econ time over he a m 
I — a Grass field at Cramlington, laid out 8 the high, | the Bean crop, s nable to continue the course by 
old-fashioned ridges. Whilst the furrows were so wet that | taking “the — white yore a it, must either impoverish the 
every passing animal left its impress, the tops of the ridges | soil or render it fo ul, it either of these conclusions has any 
were as hard and dry as in the height of summer, In fact, | foundation, the seven-years’ course may 
n a farm ate upon the removal of the turf, it was found that the rain had | pe in the right. Does then, the Bean crop leave the land ina 
upon their imperfections. I recommended Scotch carts | not penetrated the soil—that each ridge . turned off — foul | conditions There can be no doubt that when B 
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stack. The consequence of tbis state of things need scarcely | smothering weeds, they will leave the land in as bad (if not 
a Ls ned. The rains not only bring down many substances | worse) condition than when they were sown, if the usual 
fitte f plants, but, by percolating the | broadcast method is followed. But under these circumstances 
z : 
soil, pd a passage for the air; and then follow all those che- 
mical changes in the soil without which bes, oar must soon 
be at a standstill. az attempting to restore i ur own count e 
land its proper degree of pro 1 all our endeavours | or more, repeatedly horse-hoed, hand-weeded, and set up in 
must tend to the breaking up of nisi thatch, that air and mois- | the same manner as Potatoes, it must, so far from leaving the 
ture may 9 — ed, th ser ot composition of of ro land out | order, be one of the crops best adapted to the 
organic matter. Seeing a description of | cleaning of i n fact, on soils mu 
i arran b „ as my British Husbandry’ of the Libeeey of Useful Knowledge, T) of — § the hay mad is — , 3 2 cate 
| yeasoning never went to prove that a moderate scientific | had one constructed according to pei — 2 laid down, and | tendency that the yo — me 0 substituted, rey the sa 
: ion thi n i = 
d 
‘their ar gum ka N 9 4 5 ve, E fen, be couped, 
Scottice, 6c upset, „ both themselves and their carts. 
Qualification 7 Land Agents. — Lour eee 
B. M.,“ in a late Gazette, jumps to his o conclu- 
ted by any o 
alone fit a man fo a * i 
| duty, unless a companied by sound practical cr olan the whole field was top-dressed with lime and soil, at the rate 82 ‘se land more than the hay pk Frees data alforded 
The absence ‘of "either sich a person incompetent to | of about 25 tons per acre. The produce was not weighed, but | by ‘Johnston’s | Lectures on Agricultural chemistry, I have 
q perform the serv ecessary, and will inevitably | every one who saw it was of opinion that the scarified—whic g 
any © . on a sand bank.” Wh pers the worst part of the field — carried twice as heavy a taken up by the c in th l fi fh 
t 
i $ as th po norgani nic 
should not practical agriculture form a portion of 2 tried ‘subsequently’ on several occasions, an h with | Fallow, Matter. Matter. Total. 
Studies alluded to? I quite agree with “ B. M.“ tha 2 1 gean * = y em ars y3 me * the possession Wheat, „7 „8364 Ib. 
: 40 8 » of Mr. Stephenson, 0 ey, who has, ave n , 755 * 13,400 
mere literary person or “ fire side firar would only found it say useful in his Grass lands. I hope eet . 4291 Ib. j e 
nt. B ther me Club will give this, or some other Substituting Beans Pei hay: 
— 36 lbs. . .. 8864 Ib. 
E 
8 
A 
8 
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ans 4 
1 8. per ac e-tenths per 
cent. on t sep — produce, against the Bean pak pee amount 
scarcely apprec ciable at any 1 ‘bat piron, y lost sight of when 
we FE that this excess is organic constituents, and 
ind atter o 
z $ Glo 
walk easily away with. As to the“ teeth,” the edges W tik 
be shod | co r — ecomposed | be pharm from the atmosphere. It must, too, be of still less 
iron if desired ; well-seasoned ash lasts, however or eens decomposed vegetable matter, which remains in | cpasequenos | in the nighbourhood of erer throughout 
as they sa ere “a serious lon tine? iver man „this state from the want of free access of air, and its con- | which so great an amount of viene Ah elements—in the forms of 
7 S y 7 «Cleri 8 „ wh F 4 se quent decomposing effect. N vegetable remains, chloride ry sulphide of ammonium, seo 1 &o.—is 
_ years. e carpenter o ericus, who cannot make instead of acti ~ Pat 3 act ac a poison to the growing | seut into the arg by the combustion of coal and refuse 
i _ a tool of the kind for less than 4l., ought not to make it Le = hel 0 peat. tal 2 the 2 We ee from the mines d which must be bro ght, down again, in 
: i elements wuic compose or d up these org uantity, by ever, ate wer. No account ha e been made of 
at — Sras best workman, with the best wood, would freed from the * be be in which 1 ＋ —— = Ne zune a hay. I think wre may ‘say tha w that it it exhausts 
é more than an ing, an th to at Te as uarter of the extent — 
given by “A. B. C.“ and myself, this or any other | enter into oe e oe ge combinations, * pegs If we shall have t then: ete To 
ioi i a most valuable source of d for the living plant. any o Course with hae. "t 2 ane . 14,525 
ir cannot make the implement, I am | the members of the Newcastle Farmers’ Club are well aware Course with Bean 0 ee ll 13,450 
nfi : x z ; f i tween the vegetable and | Or the hay crop exhau sts the land to the amount of 1000 Ibs. 
influenced by any clod-crusher yet invented, With animal kingdoms—that the former requires that its food should | more than, the Bean é There is no doubt that though the 
regard to the Cumberland carts, “ A. B. C.“ may be | be entirely of an inorganic nature, either derived from the | tota aries so ‘see, yet the different constituents com- 
assured that their just price is only 102, with side | mineral world or trom organic decomposition, It is pun bined to 2 — i this total vary in ag Be crops. But even this 
i of the best season d wi 
d that : * pera 
: „ % elements; and these must be presented in an organised | tained. In cases where a tual comparison of the 
charges only 90, but says “ he gets his wood handier” form, whether fainal or vite table. Were it not so, a lump | methods has been made, ole NG daks taken has 3 
the mountaineers do; 104. and 11“. also, is the | of charcoal, moistened with a few drops of spirit of harts- nthe succeeding Wheat crop. That this should be better 
ated: of m Scotch carts on the borders and in North- | horn, wouid be nenn all that a man would require as food— | by fallowing after Beans is only to — ; since the e great 
see Mr bg tay aper read before the a dinner the members of the Newcastle Farmers Club would | bulk of that nutritive matter in the soil, chien might have been 
4 Ne tl MS Club last P “A. B. C's” ca not much fancy to find on the table when they enter the | assimilated by the Oat crop (and this more especially of the 
q | Sere . and * X. T. Za » of corte sehen d tlh cae of ie . If the e hidebinding be Wee by e * soluble silicates, which would have been deer in — goer 
„ An ú s” o „ are neither o em n O fect] posed vegetable matter, the rem up of the stem and h bis sf the Oat), has n left e 
common farm cart of the North. L. V. R. ap ate be simplename, p ae s air, an i — * * so much extra m e for the crop of Wheat. But let Ba try 
i — i ice i exercise a decomposing each course fair at the manure must í 
Advertisement Duty.—There is a notice in your News. — matter. To admit the air, I would recommend the portional to me placa and description o£ crops, and the land 
favour o the repeal of the | use of * most efficient implement made by Mr. Slight, of | treated in a busbandlike manner when under the Bean crop, 
P > 
_ advertisement duty. uty interferes more with 1 a et th pce p H ege enaar 3 I may ventare to say we sh 3 little more of 
i ay used with ntage. 5 fallowing after Beans.“ —Mr. Rosson said, one course would 
1 ae ny of — — eau America, 1 I g e 1 a on of Aca icklime, or lime and salt; and if ae be eend profitable than another acco to circumstances. 
vigs er since ag: re urn HYN erica, ave | pasture be very o in rec On land naturally good, and in rich condition, like Mr. Stephen- 
frequently t is often | subsoil-stirrer, * supposing that ‘the land is thoroughly sows, no doubt an eight years’ course was the most profitable; 
Ba that newspapers in America are filled with drained. ae — let t this be the first Peg ia pr med, but on poor land it was advisable to fallow after Beans, and 
l hinlag | Mr- STEPHE said, in reply to the Chairman, that the | not to take a white crop, or you would make your poor land 
i of onai z 5 scarifier nam d by Taylor, * e was now in his | still poorer.—Mr. STEPHENSON differed from the last 
0 opinia They are not so— they are means by | (Mr. S.“) — consisted of 12 or 14 coulters, fixed in a He seemed to think he lived in Goshen. Let only 
ef which time is economi and b business extended and | frame, with a large wheel e These coulters ee exert themselves, and they would br eir land into as high 
* i tain b in ec- i : i uld y expen: 
g. The season, $ y taking acrop of Wheat or y 
| favourable, and he ‘could bara yet make any report of the | were extracting trom the land what was essential to the green 
ers are res He cons sidered t uestion now under discussion to crop. e would reco nd to fallow afte: 
uce of Grass w. od 
He had tried different ways, and had come to the crops 7 — much improv ieular! er, of which, 
usion that the most effectual methed — . the — | tead ot h g only a ton to the and nothing but Rye- 
was to pare and burn. He had 8 limed h cg you Sva in a favourable year, nearly three tons, 
land—one field three times over—and neyi at last parenie > and fuli of C lover. He! had this year had a field in Clover which 
o would faire herbage ; but it had taken nine years to 2 was fallow and the first cut weighed 2} tons per 
j ie ( l i d 
Co rm ree three years. He had acre. y i k 
e had for sale, he would have save Ai guano—and that method had failed. He had applied soot a at | heart, was to fallow after Beans. III. oe OF oad mns 
e e —— LO i é ailur: l oad 
arket, and ge have arranged the sale at his own | vegetation for but now the pasture w Clover, and what means ought to be taken to prevent this loss ?—Mr. 
the town of Buffaloe, in the state of New baggere, He found pro ih ng and baraing, and — — WEERS said the cause of the failure, according to the 
ewspapers published a few years loads ot lime to the acre, was the mos effectual rman You opinion, was that the land grew tired of growing the 
tS ate Ge Grass by ing. th ; > two i e 
o lover every four years fro e immemorial, and the 
been sown with Clover this Spree and the 
crop hn AE 
„ CoLBECK observed that the questio n was Korte 
great difficulty. Aneighbour of his bode had been sorely baffled 
ith his Clover, said he would ma = e pn but he 
. ertisements ite A obliged to ziv — He (Mr. Col- 
. frequent i es untry a ey are in the ‘Unite there wae a large breadth of land beck) had tried various experiments, — without at 
i i did not th: l 
roofin ore em, i eg ae of 2 — — the crops.— The CHAmdx said, it would grow a and 
8 1 bef es — 8 this sim certainly a sta e land, to take | possible the constituents. A French writer 
J d be Pimple | Pe the ae off 3 ‘hat had Mr. Matthews to say on the ascribed the failure to a pi — a 
influence on and i inquiry tice wala Be a indolence | subject — Mr. MATTHEW. was the most effectual | rape (or Orobanch “ae sa — tas Broom 
