i 
650 THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. [Ocr. 12, 
prices varying from 5l and er aly : sage it holds | sowing, and again early in February, in order, as far) pend on the result produced in this laboratory ; if he 
out other inducements besides its price to the manu- as possible, to avoid the risk of loss from rain-water. in this department of his vane produces the artig 
facturer of cheap guano, namely, it 5 ns wet, snl he yearly decrease of the supply of guano has which his ereps require, and 1 ey are properly applied, 
is of a dark brown ‘colour. A janje pay of dry | led to the establishment of several very extensive ee OU 
4 0 e 
co 
of ge ste: Animal excrement at of i oing an sey decomposi- 
9 3 : i ts azote, 
e as to be capable of application to — land. expect that at no very distant date the English . — W 8 eee. oba 
1 ark brown colour disgu uch an amount farmer will derive from this source top-dressings stopped before it gets to yg a degree as to discharge 
p chalk as it would be i — ve add to the and artificial manures suitable to the various crops. | its azote and reduce its weight. As the dung of the 
— ured Peruvian. It is from this Patagonian | The use of bones prepared the way for guano, this hog, the horse, and the sheep rapidly ferments, the 
ny then, that much of the trash sold under this prepared the farmer for pag f oe manures, and | means to prevent loss from them is to bed the com 
is deriv if he can only obtain an article, it is im- pve! ill and cover * over with —— matter, and 
"Now , farm easily protect themselves, as we | possible to estimate the Amans 2 which they will by carting over the compost hill to firm it, and 
have often already told them. Let 8 deal with men be used. prevent its rapid fer n. 
of established 2 and ask for the best article. Zp Serer The ground on which the dunghill or compost midden 
Let i of the article, attested b PHILOSOPHY OF THE DUNGHILL.—Noe. II. is prepared should be level, and the materials of which 
d 333 . cle, alte iti y (Continued from page 635.) 93 mpo: ould be re larly carted over it, 
the dealer, and in the event of the crop exciting) Tun most valuable matter is the animal excrements, | go o spread that which tends rapidly to ferment 
„ e- e and cheap chemical exami- and, as we have before stated, the relative value of net a aaa’ of earth or other matter, which does 
n = rrin e ex the hich i ottom of this 
d i crements depen ‘ 0 
value will satisfactorily guide a jury in an animal consumes; that from straw w-fed stock is very | place for preparing the manure must be impervious to 
action se damage, sah has already been proved in inferior in azote, while that from Pea stock (fed on prevent the liquid from sinking into ground ; it must 
many ee As an example of the benefit to be | Toots, grain , Linseed, and oileake * in azote, and | therefore run into an open receiver on the two: sides of 
derived chem ical ¢ nn Professor ANDERSON | ma akes the most power 3 manure. straw of all the heap, so that it can at all times be scooped out and 
states, hat: out of 30 guanos which have passed leguminous plants (Beans, Peas, and Ve tches) are all thrown upon the heap at very little expense, Earthy 
. arid azoticed, isa are 1103 valuable articles either as matter can be thrown down about these two receivers 
Knowing the quantity of azote in and mixed with the liquid, and then spread over the 
appro pmi of the du ngheap 3 ; every different kind of du 
uld 
ns azote i anure produced; see 
is bad —— ; but it is easy to see that it does not 10 — * nd taki ing . as pace 8 can get o — 8 —— infane an — ——— —— and — 
—— e idea of the proportion of 1 and at the value of our man will consolidate the mass and prevent violent ferment 
gear 0 to b Aale met wi oa in e e a © pos- f All 3 pes table. hr ihc hes bae tion ; this and the repented application ot or liquid 
sessor of an adulterated guano takes very good care -> to x vege su ce w keep it moist, and the car carting over mai keep à it im 
mist ssibly can.’ dergoes the most rapid decomposition has most azote | and the air exelud 
8 5 105 eng ot” of i its composition * the leaves and reside of Cab- | a Gat degree, a prevented. 
autumn-sown corn ought always to ee en as large bage, Mangold d Wurzel, Swedes, Turnips, Carrots, an month before we require to use the 
n uci Potatoes, have azote in a high degree ’ and the these are it . = carefully turned over, shaking out the dung 
and some such substance as Rape-cake or shoddy e n he out carbonic aci and mixing the earthy matter well, and making the 
hydrogen gas, an ia; moist straw de- ; : > 
(the refuse of woollen manufactures), both of which 8 5 ary slo wly, unless some nians 75 whole reer on on adalat — —— 
d m 
: bl -eldi de thik a À : ber bed of it ; this will generate a sensib 
are capable of yielding ammonia by their decom-| azote be mixed Suh it, such as p or liquid manure. | which can, however, be regulated by the application of 
osition. It would be advisable to apply this top. The following Tabl e is an extract fr „ liquid Scan the sito Bis. or by the application, of earth 
— at two different periods, say at the time of | “ Rural Economy,” p. 391: or salt, which will imbibe the volatile matter lea 
be formed during this process. We must bear in mi 
FF.. that the outside of the heap ferments more readily than 
Azotein 100 Quality Equivalent s the middle of it, as it amore ready access 
Water of according roped ding The dunghill may be any thickness when we are 
I — merely storing it, accumulating the mass, and wis 
Wet. Dry. Wet. | Dry. | Wet. to prevent fermentation ; indeed the thicker it is the 
1 |F arm du 79.8 | 195 | 0.41 | 100 | 100 100 | 100 4 f Bechelb Wer * wish, 
1 Farm. ung 6 | 1 4 verage of Bechelbron. view of getting it to ferment to such a d as we 
FCC / ease @ [then i amus he only of aceran thickness sot mon 
4 — che 19.3 0.30 0.24 | 15 | 60 | 650 | 167 | Fresh from Alsace, an 3 feet, as the air cannot pass through than 
5 Wheat stubble . | 5.3 0.43 | 0.41 22 102.5 453 98 this depth to give it hd eg to set it fermenting. 
t straw 5 =a 21.0 0.36 0.28 18 | 70 542 | 13 ‘The vind be eke of animals. should, haiie 
i ey $. ae, | 420-4 0.26 | 0.23 | 18 57.5 750 14 (or Alsa | 8 
bea straw sR e | 85| 1.95 1.79 100 447.5 100 ¼22 Alsace, ; b. rain or wether s 
) {Wheat chaf z 7.6 | 0.94 0.85 48 212.5 207 | 47 poe n the dunghill or 
; as to enable us to reg 
wr ee Ring . . and — the decoction of it it from running to 
2 ” 9 76.0 2.30 | 0.55 | 117 137.5 85 | 73 | . 
13 Cover roots 25 “a 2.7177 1.6 90 402.5 110 25 | Dried in the air. | (To be continued.) 
' ER — 3 ‘959 2.3 | 0.32} 17 125 | 
5 2. as 88.8 38 0.4 191 110 51 91 
F oan o o } 753 | 221 | 0.55 | 113 137.5 78 Home Correspondence. 
JJ ere Dung. heap Covers. In compliance with the 
„ te ia hed 8 |S geen WE" (od an 8 
D| eee AS e ag 9.6 | 9.02 | 8.30 2075 21.5 5 who ha’ to yay that I should, — 
21 s ERE 98.0 17.86 116.83 | 900 4213 medium of your columns, publish some prac PÀ 
22 ted into England 19.66 5 0 323 1247 21.5 ty ticulars respecting my m mode of roofing middens, their 
re Cole or Rape | wee) Se 123 22 1250 3 8 Ce. &e., for the information of 1 e 1 
25 |Eresh h bones 8 20 aze 1 8 heis 1326 2270 — — “oe „ ence oe 
ooilen r ae aes .3 20. 26 117.98 
I ‚ ow: a 15.6 La | 1 art 272 5 w. = w t or should benefit by plans 
28 Wood soot * e LEB 1 67 3) 2675" 149 | 85 from which I have myself received su ractical 
| Bo r i 5 beneficial tage; whilst, the same time, I would 
We er also judge of the value of manure by its ten- &c., than for the atmosphere, will thus take up its | not advise any person partially to adopt them, unless he 
ency to ferment or decompose ; and this yanks resting-place amongst it, so that we may have it in our | is prepared fully to carry them out in their g 1 
in the following ote: provided the animals have n | power of raising it amongst the soil we cultivate. have at present two roofed midden steads (others in 
receiving the same kind of azotised food (grains, — The extractive matter in manure of any kind is the preparation), one is at the lower extremity of 3 
Linseed, or oilcake) : first, the h og 5 second, the horse; — part of it ilable to the growth of plants, parallelog: yard ; on one side of this yard are con- 
third, the sheep ; ei fourth, the o: ence the loss which the farmer sustains by letting the | houses, on the other a straw house, threshing — 
No chemical acti , tending’ . the destruetion of the purer of the court yard and feeding houses run ‘to | and — sheds; the midden, as said, is at the bottom 
material of W a sing „takes place waste. All the urine from the feeding houses as well the yar pre at right angles with it; it is 56 feet a 
during the life of t; 8 agents have no as from the stable, and the drainings from the yard, and 22 feet wide, and is i by a water-tight The 
pasm case effect upon them during this period; but as should be conducted to a cistern from gard it may be | 13 feet high at the lower and both ends. is 
soon as the principle of life is gone, chemical action pumped upon the dunghill compost, midden, or on gable of the eow-house incloses part of the upper te 
au takes pee, producing decomposition, fer- earth, which should be made near the poet for this or that next the yard, the rest of this side apy 
mentation, putrefaction—a complete destruction of the | purpose. the yard, for the admission and abstraction 
form, and, at last, a“ bar disappearance, not a vestige| The result of unrestrained chemical action in the manure, It has four raised roofs thus AAAA resting 
left to testify their form istence.” dunghill is most evident. In the fermentation of the on the wali, and against the gable of the r 
pe th ày part e | dungi, n to go on to the greatest extent, having a zine gutter in 22 
sia — by uniting with the oxygen of the air more than one-fourth of it is destroyed, being formed rain water. The roofs are composed of the ne 
e gaseous, i ic aci i ing a carbonaceous | wooden rafters, which are shea thed with three-quarter 
inch boards, and ov over this M‘Neill’s fel 
arene the nog ia owing’ to the |4f Jul 
the ee which takes place in the 
dungheap 1 pre sea substances acid gas, 
j Sar ammonia ; part of these go |i 
5 part into the stagnant pool, or runs 
ass to t i 
