682 THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. [Ocr. 26 
> 
when the upper part had been . seemed to | carry, nearly so well as to lay it on their better relief of distress, whatever its cause. The mode of of 
pave these sheep-folds, Eve tubble-field was | lands ; that in this way they could get 6, 7, or 8 paying wages is, however, a consideration — 
clean and ht; all the h — kept low, and quarters of Oats, which answered much better chan aut attention, Piecework, the only way in whi 
neatly trimmed; every farm-house well built, with any other way of managing.“ Porty-four years after 
spacious courts, and surrounded by such rows of this, Mr. Pusey is found to remark, “ Another fea- 
high, long, saddle-backed ricks, as showed that the ture of 8 farming is, that not only is the 
land di i i hole 
ec i all th equa is done 
number of pree farm-houses, which might always] on other parts of the chalk hills (in the southern the advantage on the side of the labourer in dear ti 
be seen at one view, proved that the size of the counties), an outlying field may used for 20 and on the side of the master im cheap bun 
farms would o account for the extent of the riek- | years without any manure, because it is too distant | with the advantage to both of aiding — expense 
load: : i 
10 1 it » 
corn, showed no mark of natural fertility.” manures are not bought for it.“ The four-course | place for money, =e of the money in the second place 
Referring to his first view, in 1842, of Lords Krean ee nt, aia ge rhe aay: be saume back again to produce, does not result in a benefit on 
Yannonoven’s estate, then comparatively unknown, | n ted the “wold syst over a great part o pene ° 
its fine farm buildings, on whack 150,000, had been the district the Barley j is found to have too strong ar! ae porns hs which the subject admits 
expended, its 30,000 acres of good Turnip land,|a straw after urnips, thus injuring the young a — T- 
W elipped hedges of thorn, Where * Chase: — the —.— there — wh a me Proportion which obtains beiween the employait Rani 
ot - — x 
of a domain equal in the spirit, magnitude, — is an . ſour and e rotation; | with advantage to both parties. I believe, for instance, 
and 1 of its improvement to the well-known he five-course arising from grazing the seeds two that even at present prices a good deal of our second- 
eof Holkham; and haying seen it again last | years. The usual practice 1s to apply all the farm- rate Grass lands would pay better if broken up, and a 
9 in 8 I suppose e of the yard manure to the root crop; but many farmers | good deal of Jand now farmed with but little labour 
weath he Turnips id not Bs) as before | manure the seeds instead. his dung is made by would pay better if farmed with more; an 
still. y the 
now worth Ave eat as is| Swedes are grown, and but few roots are drawn o 3 
the change on the — Saas it is not greater the land. Crushed relia cate 8 to 16 or 20 bushels p Brarende . we in u pee 
than the general change of the chalk 1 The firet an acre, are invariably sown with the Turnips ; and published — E in the “Journal of t English Agri- - 
was, of course, grubbing the Furze ; paring | guano, Rape-cake, &e. — a large quantities are | cultural Soe 
burning the rough Beaty — ti latter used in addition. he is a good . ee acre of oan land broken 
a acre, Then there was Little enquiry need be made as to the state of the | up would increase the labour now spent on it six-fold, - 
ig . dressing of chalk, 80 cubic drainage: the porous chalk rock drains its thin — ‘would ps sA the occupier ls. over and above the 
the osting at the time 66s. ; covering of light soil perfectly ; ; except in some of ordinary profit on the inereased capital-he must spend, 
N 60 n 19 bones, for bones were the valleys, and midwa; way on the dip o of the hills 2 acre at light sandy pasture would, in ke manner, 
cheap in those days, and a bushel cost but ls. 3d., Where the land is often wa with springs. The | pay him 8s, 6d. a year, while its 5 ee. — 
another item of or ya 4]. I am told tha i rushes witnessed by Youne in such situations have four-fold; every acre stiff clay uld pay 
the wolds have been chalked twice over; and that, | ceased to vegetate, owing to the construction of all 8 a year and increase labour eight fold, a, aud wh go 
without », the Turnips are destroyed by the | the under-drains rages The loftier a do not | Case land 4s. or 5s. a year, while its labour. — 
0 < fingers des; but even the | ne eed an egress =o downfall water so much as oe itt — — i ome prs — t * now 
first onilay, of the tenant a — to more than an impervious beat o hold drink for ‘the stock. give to 43, re. 8 ot ae get — — 
8l. per acre. And here I must state that this large All the great improvements have been accomplished | a body pe 170, 000 men. The co 
sum o n — Si urity of a lease ; ut a system of the same time b food, À the andor > 
acres, has been expended on Brocklesby t right — — prevails, founded upo 3 ö gay tes a K 
(according to the practice of Lincolnshire), only — custom of th t — in each farming, were the capital — — land to be 
ough well-merited confidence in the owner. ` Nor | case by valuers. Seven “years are allowed for the | 12%. an acre, instead of 6“. or 7/. as it now 
nerally is, 
has the spirited outlay on the part of the farmers entire exhaustion of marling, claying, | halkin and | I believe that the farmer would profit — and 1 am 
been without its return. The parish of Limber, similar investments of the tenant's capital. Tas ould do so too. If I had 
4000 acres, was formerly let to four tenants, at 125“. lords here are generally faithful i Š Ene g their farming with, I would spread it thickly ove? 1 
each, or 2s. Gd. an acre, and all four became bank- obligations to the tenantry; the buildings are small farm rather than thinly over a large one. I 
rupts, It has been inclosed, is now well farmed, usually commodious, and the farms have — held — f 
and at the present rent the tenants are doing well. by the same families upon the bond of “a tual e Se ode 1 wish we export; but then stoxms 
Instances, iderable have been u understanding,” with all the certainty conferred by | might come, and I could not manage her, It is my 
made. The three points of ordinary chalk-farming | à legal contract. With their smaller occupiers the | ike as 
* +: ; 2 i 1 interest to take a smaller vessel and man her th 
83 —— —. ee pee 
rent ave weather, and that so I may be able 
s of emp t into crowded freehold vil- | when she is in danger, Besides I can have the smaller 
er . bushels with a N escaping the pressure of the vessel for lees monaj, — me 8 — farmer Akid 
by their agre i e. ork is plentifu es 9s. or 108. | his interest to take the 
r wint ter e large number of horned cattle in ta Maf and — is being done in almost rent, and man it well. He wil and himself hotter ai 
the yard, which, being fed on oil-cake, convert the every season. Allotments are thinly scattered; | t° rough cultivation, and he w 
inte excellent pigs a kept. From the foregoing particu- | t2 work it with more safety and profit in eue — 
Fifty — — (via, 1799), the rental of the wold | Jars some be gather „ causes of iate is an immediate and close — bet — 
district was about 9a. per acres now it is probably | Superiority in the culture of chalk soil, Z. d, C. | the nkousess Go here. there te nothing but dai 
+i * y pusa aeres have im- r —-— — farms held from year to and ill be sure to 
peared fom pebre of 34. aa | 102, to that of 304.) THE MASTER. AND THE SERVANT. find wages low. Go SF geil rable Donia kopa 
; x tracts have been San A VILLAGE LECTURE. ` —where the land being let on secured 
a few years from 10s. to 30s. per acre rental. As (Concluded from p. 668.) occupation by men of capital and intelligence, and you 
* ma : mtained by th believe, to urge too strongly | will its labourers better off. Somerset 
unt of *r 5 ks hand, w od 
is very as mahian depen ding mainly upon ke ai maemo x Mage Seve Bee soot pou = * matter | the ne arene lands and 2 ge wages — with 
erg il ui ; there are farmin d conditioned 
foals 7 ae ee he yield finciuates some who speak so harshly—as I may seem to have | By seeking for “protalo modes of emp of tones ing abu 
— ¢ quarte done— on the best way to improve the condition of the liss, much good can be done to labourers those who 
labouring class, whose doctrines differ from the whole | are at the same time doing good to th themselves, and i is 
benefits 
speculation a on more 
whether it be neglected ar not—-that though the daty | laboriously ; but this is a wide subject, and I must net 
of paying Tos, wages does not exist, the duties: of | discuss it now. F ; ore 
Neicusour are binding upon all of us as much as those able to benefit labourers 
. indirectly, by — ting = a mode of nan #5 
I anche intelligent and ene 
tenantry to settle on their gains” but also d er 
1 may refer, for „0 
10 system 
