820 THE GARDENERS’ CHRONICLE. [Drc. 28, 
hope that they will excite the attention which they wer snow removed the tendency to congelation, and | on examining the border, during the forcing season, I 
certainly merit, especially since they show how far | hence it became a practice for the unhappy men to have often been 1 at its wetness, though drained, 
we are from having any sufficient evidence concern- look Nor after each others noses; for each bottom and side: very loose materials, and 
ing one of the most important questions in the art ould see his neighbour's, although he one am 
of foresting. feel nor see his own a io ago as the days o 
Hiprocratss it was known that — who 
Tun manner in which corp acts upon plants i is had his oe frozen, Tost them if plunged into in the Chronicle of y 
one of the problems wah have never yet been warm It is exactly = same among it on ‘the border of the largest and earliest forced 
solved, and probably never will be. We see its plants; eras is s certain that a frozen plant, though | of the two houses. I put the concrete on in Se tember 
effects, but all attempts at 8 their causes tender, will not perish if it is gradually t Merten 3 1849, and after it dry and hard, oone it with 
have proved eminently unsuccessful. That a low being ‘watered — Fs with cold wa Thus | a few inches of li er, as a protection from 
temperature, or frost, acts differently apos 8 early Peas, Kidney Beans, and the ike. ére often was the only — —— the border had all — the 
sa 
re 
and this even 18 they are mere varieties aft ach first thing in the morning before the sun is on them. a Successful one ; for, season, we cut, from this 
other a Rose, for instance, ETA any | It is asserted, and we doubt not with perfect truth, 
amount of English bl: the varie ty called the ie that wall trees, whose blossoms have been frozen 
scented perishes, or suffers severely, in 5 4. ave had their crop saved by copiously syringing on the ae acetal sven 
nary winter. The gay-flowered Senecios of ‘the before sunrise watering ; and ppe the last swelling of the G 
Can „known in gardens under the name of Cine- | In all these cases it is, however, indispensable | the border received two rather ‘copious waterings with 
rarias, shrink from the mere oppna sef frost, and | that fe artificial thawing be prac ctised before the weak liquid manure, and also two more during the 
perish upon its first arrival; yet worts and solar rays can fall upon the object frozen; the summer months, after the Grapes were cut. I have 
Aedes and Gro ee, all Scant Senecios, can | sudden elevation of kanea necessarily produced | lately examined the soil under the concrete, in different 
ussian winter. In like manner Oaks, Ches- by ae epee Prk all after si tection parts, and find it in good condition. òw 
— nikiri, exhibit similar differences in their useless. And heneé it is that the need of artificial | starting the Vines, with every prospect of success; and 
power of n frost. How to account for this is awi is altogether Pete by planting tender should another season’s ritipa prove as favourable 
the question, thin aad at the xy of north or west walls, or behind for concreting pr that sg * pas ry done, I purpose 
t has been suggested 1 the fluids contained in screens. In such situations, sudden changes of tem- Tn our iat houses vik 556 yoy 2 early * me 
different species of plants may thems rag act dif-| pe craig will nof occur; but the natural thawing must erel 1 ib] 
y low wet localities it may possibly be wat 
ferently in the presence of cold; just as oil of tur- of necessity be very gradual. An somes example wi liam Loader, gardener at Blaise Castle, 
pentine requires a 3 of 14° to tom While of 7 is now before In the sum ci . Bristol, „ ee 16. 
oil of Bergamot free ake 23°, and Olive oil at an ee e ee nd Beech, varie o be 
36. But although m y be true to a limited ‘tender, was planted experimentally on the rth of BRITISH SONG BIRDS. 
extent, yet it by no a rexplang the phenomenon | a d wall. In the naure hey winter it was No, XI.— Having e a somewhat formidable 
in question. The plant , for instance, perishes | ' remarked cae the upper part of it was not screened | collection of the feathered — rar about 100, an 
from eS while an saab fient ical with it in nature, | | from the ; but about three- pinks of it next the | confined them all in on —it behoves us to pay: 
lives wi miniy within 2 yards 6f it, D having | ground was a patfeatly screened. On n ae of 5 attention to toate peculiarities and habits ; the 
pot the same tempera In this spring it was found that the part exposed to the sun o, as perhaps in the first instance, no two of them 
e heeds of the ts will be chemiéally the was killed to the uye x the wall ; while the oe will be found = in disposition. By studying their- 
Sie" an and yet the results are nie site. Again, the below the level w nchanged even in colour. likes and dislike s there will be little 3 in 
Long-leaved Pine (P. longifolia) is quite tender, The plant grew 8 in 1850, and remains . ere sasn * united happy . — If an a hi moge 
while the Gerard Pine, excootingly li ike it, is hardy; where it was originally planted, and we have no pa iK Ses ee 3 TER them, out with him at 
in thi r supposing that the doubt will u ndergo the same fate as before. When We mp eek 3 r 
fluids contained in heed species are different. In we add this to the cases of Fuchsias, Camellias, Tree 3 from the “ Happy Families ” . 
fact, except that all plants suffer from cold in po Pæonies, &c., now becoming so generally well known, | large locomotive cages, which are now being exhibited 
portion to the quantity of water they contain, we it seems impossible to doubt that, the vitality of in three different quarters of London, daily. n 
have no kind of evidence to show that the — plants and animals being the same, on same methods In these cages, we find living together in perfect 
of their fluids has any material influence Sie their ~ treatment which are known to be requisite in the | amity—cats, mice, rats, pigeons, Crows, sparrows, 
wer ae re aee old ; for it is by no ns true, | one case are equally re ge in the other. Let us hawks, owls, starlings, ferrets, monkeys, rabbits, 
as some too hastily assert, that resinous 1 like hob t this great will not be forgotten by weazels, young foxes, and leverets; cum multis altis. 
Conife . pA 1 7 — hardy by the resin they con- | any of m readers Ang the winter and cold spring The extreme — opposites seem, in all 
tain; the Norfolk Island Pi e,and the Malay Dammar that lie before us. animals, to have become annihilated. Thus, — see 
are tender, althoug poa — nd Coniferous. — ck the sparrow and the he hawk doing the loving and the 
In acer Saree ee. ON MAKING AND CONCHEHING VINE reveling isso asthe warm embrace a a Gri- 
2 — arene of the subject vanishes when we BORDERS. in; the ferret wenzel d ol with the 
om a vain search —— It I nave been much interested in reading Mr. Spencer’s Rags 3 the anes ny pigeon's 
is by — to oren 8 phenomenon of life excellent remarks, n p. 7 — on this subject ; and having eggs, as as he 5 s them ‘ates first satiate his prying 
by the known laws of chemistry, electricity, and | made two borders for early Vinerie s here, e eight years | curiosity), under the siting mother ; and, among other 
similar ia apenn, that we plunge into a labyrinth of ago, very similar in principle to those now recommended reinii a lev polk”-ing with the fox. 
pencer, I am led to imagine that a brief am n om this moment prepared—but I hope ere 
“And find no end, in wandering mazes lost.” pecan of my agate in tho SEs may possibly | lon —to state “ how” this naturally-savage 
8 
Bat. the moment we admit the age everywhere prove acceptable to some of your readers colony iw . — brdtight to so complete a state of eivili- 
» 
g plants of a vital princi or of be 
: vitality, The old border, which was fully 4 43 feet deep, geen sation. There is no doubt that the “eye 
2 ine 1 a di : T 90 ts drainage, its soil rich, heavy, and very adhesive, was master is the great talisman; for it visibly acts as an 
rrm apne the p e of the tw of clay and limestone), so as to slope well from the animals. They understand, beyond all dispute, and 
identical, but differently manife ated, pee We began forming the new border * 8 with a very little drilling, what is intended by their 
then wo te on the firm ground consolidated by the | two e dry stone walls (without mortar) from 9 to 12 | master’s movements, and peculiar expression of coun- 
of ages, and find, in the experience of animal pa etc wide; one close along the side of the front wall | tenance ; for they instantly obey him. I believe “ the 
presi ology, ae ehitidatiót of what is obscure in of the houses, and rising to within a few pip of r stick” is, on some occasions, introduced in the back- 
that of vegetables. It is trae that we then abandon | ground level, the other shop the opposite, or south side | ground. It enters,” no doubt, “into combination ” 
the pursuit of first causes, and confess the vanity of | ° of the border, and rising quite to the grou and Tevel, side with the other “ effects; ” but I never tried it. ` 
ower ; ; ; > 
o the under part step, 
exchange rationalism for ferialism, and we learn of the border, were the object of these walls, which | mony in the colony, is to see that eac! every ani 
how to apply experience to daily uses. extended the entire length of the border. The next | has, — for it, its own natural food. If the paugs 
F that “th step was filling up between the walls. This was effected | of hunger were to come on cruelly sharp, and the hour 
at eff pe He li p pea EFs SIRS RET Gy —— cing, as loos 5 possible, very large stones in of breakfast, dinner, and supper, were to be lost sight 
g: k al 2 151 eee i Goes ae = : way as eate — innumerable cavities, large of, and the regular supplies stopped,—we should have a 
shee Semana ater ee ge eee 3 — enoug ora g to traverse the draina realisation of the old nursery tale, The cat began to 
i — intense, and its application continued, in death. all directions. A Sadi a 2 feet of irdi larger —— es eat the rat—the rat began, e &e.” A few hours, or 
$ Pereira.) Hence it is to be inferred, that all living was covered by 6 inches of smaller stones, lessening in less, would devastate the colony. I can almost imagine 
j things whatsoever must finally perish beneath the | size, as the top of the eee was approached, a I hear the bones of the dean leveret being crunched 
influence of cold, provided it is severe enough, and | was nothing more than cle n this beneath the jaws of the salacious fox. 
prolonged enough. But living things have each their | was put a layer of sandy 1 loam turfs, the Pa ale Speaking of the leveret, it is worthy of remark that 
separate constitutional vitality, the Anin of which downwards. And then we wheeled in the e this — being * nature, is one of the most dif- 
re sting ld differs between and s ies, or 5 consisted of two-t thirds poor sandy loam, obtained | ficult t e, permanently, of all creatures. The = 
e iety, and even Between divi dual |i very thick turfs, from a rege a -> one- mird bs Sir John Sebeig ht called on me, some years ago, to 
5 8 lime Parnes = soil, e : in about my co collection of Robins, of which he had heard l 
equal parts. whole ha — — chy ho , and during a lengthened conversation of great interest 
= a like —— a PE A inexplicable but and well ages de arg! a few weeks ong before peed, to both of sit; h pnt me in possession of many singular 
and electricity. | it, Whi — the compost 3 been wheeled | facts with res; to animals “by nature wild.” To 
e among plants between the into the * oa trewed on it some three or four mention onl: tied John told me he had 
spider Ophrys, and the Tea Rose and | bushels of ee bones, of various sizes, which were | some eggs of the wild duck, and placed them under a 
as among an between the ass —.— with an t of wall, and the border was domestic hen. They were hatched in due course, fed, 
quimaux, the | finished, its 3 s depth t being 4} feet—i. e., 2 feet of and brought up with the other chickens, ducks, c., in 
‘The moment 4 0 24 feet of drainage. the’ poultry-yard. Still, they gave early signs of the 
ing with The young vised,” which were planted in May, grew | wildness of their nature. They were “ pinioned, and 
E ong great vigour. We took a slight crop from a thus made “apparently” tame; but when the wine: 
e a s 4 . Pi 
p birds 
year after plan every year since | feathers rea one day, on a slight 
they have produced an increasing quantity of Gra alarm, took fi and disappeared . 7 
33 ines, my practice, last season, Th of natural wildness being indo- 
unti e: ‘ 
‘border with from 12 to 18 inches of | mitable, presented itself in the case of some half dozen 
ee eave adding a i little long Gang on on the top, in order to wild rabbits, taken from the nest soon after they were 
prevent the s from being blo wn away; but this kindled. Sir John lavished on them much of his atten- 
vering was 9 pape ipa reg shee py 1 The 
-j animals g e ‘early evidence of he instinet of er 
