826 THE AGRICULTURAL GAZ ET TE. (Dec. 28, 
a cottage and garden, with an allowance of wa, and = * the labouring poor chargeable on parish rates, 2 — unworked lands, and making 
this little enough to support him with any degree would ng a cer he we K. land and this model farms, and also by training ee 
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married, requires no cottage, and is not supposed to Suppose 20 acres to be — + 2. por acre, for our | — and effe cito control of * kind, I belies 
uire so much wages; s he is an active and indus- | purpose. Of the 75 individuals in the poor-house, main- commons have proved to be a 
trious young man, wishes to prove himself superior to | tained at the expense above stated, 20 would be able to | A population * up there, * whom a 
his fellow labourers rå ambition that — 3 to be eultivate from half a rood to two roods. Supposin g | live without God, desecrate the sabbath, absent them- 
stimulated) ; but the system is too general of not these persons to leave the union-house, and receive out- selves from the parish church, or i 
päying according to merit, * —— t side neces- | of-door weekly relief to the amount of ls. d., and a chapel; or if they have religious impression, assemb 
sity of the person, and t who would render them- quarter of an acre on an average each, there would be in congregations as Latter-day Saints or Ranters. The 
selves active and eo d, are aot rewarded as they | an 9 e on ir account of 52/.; there would poor colonies in Holland show to what an extent] 
erve. It may said, ‘this is an evil that, under | rem to 3 ore Thes se foe cultivated by the poor may be rendered self-supporting. 
present circumstances, cannot be overcome, because a diid — Jon from 1 to 4 roods (according ut the culture of the best i 
the married labourer must be supported some way or o the means -E they might pases of viltivationg neighbourhood of the present poor-houses, would be the 
other, and as well give it to him in the shape of wages Bend among s of the 256 reeipients of out-of- | most dir — beneficial; and I am within bounds when 
as otherwise.’ But this degrades the labourer from door relief, — other likely to bee ma mue harge- | I estimate that ‘the saving which might be effected by 
the condition of a free and independent being, disposing | able withou mely suceour. By th aiding them I the ttt dit to them, would reduce the rates, and 
of goods (his services) on honourable terms, to that of calculate —— one- third of the sums now given to each thereby relieve = — * that he might give his 
a mean and despicable serf, dependent on the alms of individual for maintenance would — — sur- labourers more employm and on more > a 
those who employ him; and for these he is bound to | rende red for the possession of a free allotment. The terms than it is in ais Ce to afford at present. 
render, not value for value, but what he can, or what pis on this head would be, on “average, 6d. a I must, in conclusion, advert to a —— in which 
he N be compelled to do. But not only is such a week from each of the ‘wits s, which wale many farmers act oats to their cottagers. 
system a barrier to exertion among the labouring class, | amount to 332/. 16s. per üm, The account, then, They selfishly 8 them the privilege of keepi 
but iti is positively productive of evil; for, small as it so far, would stand thus: or poultry, lest they might be tempted to pilfer corn 
may be in the eyes of the acute and the intelligent, ye Saving on 20 pau „ 10 — ine od. and Turnips to maintain them. This is a cruel restric- 
it is in too man 48 an inducement to young men to Saving on 256 petpers... os aon ai tion, and unworthy of any benevolent man, In truth, 
contract improvident marriages; for they know that £384 16 0 it is an unwise and pro ny ss economy to limit the means 
they must be kept from actual starvation whichever Dedtict rent of 20 acres 2 OES of the labourer too stri 
state they live in, bre they are certain that no — 2514 1 1 cannot conclude these hasty and, 1 . na a 
on their part can raise them above their present This sum of 344“. 16s,, deducted from 14850. 1055 faves and r than 
dition, or, at le ast, from the view they take, no ohana 11410. E the words of your r alen relative to 
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ow,“ this evil which, under present e cixeutistance ces, Pes a addition to the ordinary lots, in order to| system is bad siog and ea passions} beings its own 
cannot be overcome, would, I a disposed to think, reward them and * 8 85 N s to the exercise of | punishment. In my limited experience, I have always 
die: way, if. farmers were exon d from the heavy | skill, economy, and good conduct, And in the annual found it advisable not to cut down wages to the lowest 
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woii hee and pay themgby | ever, to — rent, for . reasons) which I week is amply repaid by the energy and spirit it infuses 
nvenient eases, which would be the — ü be eagerly sought, certificates of good into the frame of the labourer. He appears to dig and 
t mode; and under improved circum- |c “signed by a clergyman, the relievi ing officer, — ith pleasure, — d to the man who is con- 
they would find it their interest to ‘employ a and a — i 
greater amount of labour on their farms, while, on the To the lifouliy which: naturally presents itself viz, in end of the day his task 24 neither been profitable 
other hand, competitio r labour would render the that the recipients of parish relief in its pres — orm | to himself, nor to his mas 
labourers more expert and industrious; and failing or | would ge: tush os ee a week for tion 1 th the poor.” 
m bourers, though sele for o f 
hard days’ work, would have at least equal claims 3 the facility which th ela even half a rood o — 
pes gee for piece-work suited 8 their strength and land of 150 N value of ie would afford for ON THE CULTIVATION OF OATS. 
skill, It would be no injustice to them that other cook keeping a pig and som = 8 age be an important No plant of the cultivated sorts is adapted to a 
who aoa execute more work in p = 28 should a in sh estim ns, and would | greater variety of soil than the Oat; the 22 is 
receive more wages render the allotments equivalent Se at Teast 8 to the mer raised with much ease on almost every kind of land, 
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oymi 25 
rows N is to lighten the pressure of poor influence on many minds; aya wosia from | rotation of crops. Before agri been sub- 
pen the land. Instead of generalising on this | the union-house would decidedly be considered cheaply | jected to general rules, the result of was 2 
suas I shall adduce some parochial statistics, from | pure by the proposed substitution. The quantity 228 the land was often sown as long a retur 
which I think I can show how the rates may be lessened | of productions. which a well conduvted good or tworof — pa obtained, iee ep ne mems or 1 ecruiting it 
e the PS e prime land — yield, ina, go far MEI (cmp — i cr =a 
e agricultural parish in which I reside contains of a. 8 or of even one with a wife and child, 27 Os i urned ar 
7000 By N of which the rental is valued at The moral benefit gained Ne such.a miang if generally | bey ond any other cereal plant. the land aad 
90002, a this is added 2176/., the estimated men acted on, would be incaleulably great. not any longer repay the labour of ning an 
value of houses, land, aud r railway making, the total We have already reduced our amount of 8 — the — 5 was abandoned, till some 
mien property 11 170. To this parish belong 670 taxation from 14857. 18s. to 1141/, 5 But this is, 
of unrated 3 in different localities. The I think, capable of farther diminutio by the eee. of roots and weeds. It sup- 
papelation by the last census was nearly 2700, but it is A parish ‘heavily burthened like “this in question, for | posed that the Oat draws much nourishment from. the 
actually more, having “yecsived an eae impulse | the: a of poor persons — in a populous village, soil, and consequently very much exhausts the land, 
from the influx of ae evicted from neighbouring other rural parishes are very ene taxed, and many farmers ure induced by this consideration to 
poor reports show that during — thinly peopled, should be xelieved of the buy, rather than grow the a — the use of the 
the week anf ‘October 25th of the present year— | unequal pressure. A remodification of the present farm. This plan may be judicious where the soil is 
and this has not been a local distress—there | system of aie so as to equalise the pressure of it, very rich- and ‘adapted for the, production of Wheat a and 
wo in the district union house 75 — at he would probably reduce the su a wot 1141“. 2s. by — Barley, but a general rule directs the home consu mpti 
weekly cost of 1 ome 28. 6d. ea third, viz., to ` fraction over 761/. And if this of Oats to be raised on the farm, rather than trust to: a 
This amounts in the yea 487 10s. were ex pende ed in additional ee Kg r highe epi fluctuating market. With g management, a crop 
256 7 g out-door Teller at an average o of the relief thereby afforded to labourers would be very | of Oats will give as great ofit on the best land as 
ach per week for the yea 998 8 considerable. any other crop, when it is 1 — that it requires 
221485 1 The arrangement of suitable machinery for a less manure, and produces an abundance of straw, 
The indispensable charges for medical attendance, — system, framed on the principle of equalisation df Pites whieh is very fit for the winter food of horses 
siar, Kae- g Koe, have raised the amount of rate to 4s, 6d, — very — distriets would be simple. A dis- especially when aided by roots or other succulent food. 
r i ct treasurer, suppose a collector of inland revenue, The success of a crop of Oats depends, as every other 
f I think that in this parish (and cx uno diev | mii i ive and tr I. yenrly to the treasury | crop, on the i uri 
above sum might be considerably reduced. | the sums collected for him, and tlie treasury should, in The sowing of culmiferous plants in succession. is nom 
| such gasku ue the sams necessary for the ma intenanve | universally and justly exploded from every improved 
— acti, 
ifferent parts af the parish. Of these a por- of Hie p and economieal system of cultivating land. The -soil is 
save to be enclosed and a ag according | B 4 not e the alesis yet. There rendered hard by such a course, and exsiceatéd. by 
to the several gee and interests of the proprié — ja are several hun of commons within a radius | constant exposure to the influence of heat and 
whith ‘has ‘hitherto b * © ihis om from the 
een o v urned to profit. Any one competent to of the rotation of crops, beginning the course 
1 o have — — en might of tis 0 1 1 82 and 1 cpatilites of of land, 1 22 who state of Grass, whether it be of short ‘or long duration. 
posse nor horses, nor ara nor always even swine 2 have seen 1 a- 2 . and Ft a of the | Several varieties of Oat are cultivated in ‘Britain, ‘of 
nde fa cin th o whom the ‘advantage of | Belgians have e of thei arah which the qualities are so similar as to make no 
r e Torm i of piat sods stri ped from where sandy a Gn whieh ve Ale: moiti was first difference in the necessary oultiv ation. 
of the staple soil, or stunted Whins, pee by so ir seed, which, becoming tr = The common white Oat is most suitable where 
valent to the efit they urnishe ugh the deposition of leaves, sufficient | the inhabitants live much upon Oaten cakes. 
to 123 cultivation) have ot rendered fertile, Thered Oat is hardy, gives good inerease, hut the Straw 
ate. wa: urce of additional employ- | would at once cee that the commons to whi and the grain coarser thi nn 
of it, too, are to be let out in alldt- have ak adverting are much ore capable of culture The blueand grey Oats are weak and unproductive. 
Poor, who will still have the liberty even in the vai portions. The social good which The Poland Oat is plump in the grain, but very thic 
oa from the inge in which 1 live, 3 Universal practice has placed the Oat in tlie first! 
ent in — 2 — and cultivating the new — 
a constant so 
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A large unappropriated tract, and would result from enclosing commons throughout Eng- in the skin. The grains are most! sing, eS atin 
the extrav — . Ban He * d, according to! equiremenits, would, in a moral an pe — is hort it answers ‘best ae 
gravelly so t be of point of view, be still more ge than the pecuniary | soils 
apparent to the might en The profit, I readily; The S Paket o or Dutch Oat — 
let out eee A too ere „ eapeciatly under the present is thinner skinned than the a ove mentioned ciety 
induce their culture by | The grains are mostly double, a 2 . 
m sata now “a —— 
But if e commons generally were | awned, with the awn placed high. It — 
y Dti poor-houses, they would | The Siberian or Tartarian Oat has ining three 
afford a 3 field for the implication of * labour distinct species, each flower frequently eber 0 
v so frequen . than tw 
which is now wer, perfect florets o with a pedieelled 
A well of Tel lsh wight e Fadimedt of a d; tho 5 unilateral 2 
of social benefit, by draw- | differs from all other varieties; the grains are SP dhe 
of cultivable, but | small, the largest awned, the small ones anne 
