1 



1851.1 



THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 



13 



•■* 



Just published, considerably enlarged, price 5s. &/., the Third Edition of 



AN ELEMENTARY INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF THE SCIENCE IN ITS RELATION TO AGRICULTURE 



BY 



EDWARD SOLLY 



F.R 



F. L.S 



F.G.S 



Member of the Royal Agricultural Society of England, Professor of Chemistry to the Horticultural Society 03 



Company's Military Seminary at Addiscombe, &c, ic. 



a 



PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION 



" In accordance with numerous suggestions, very considerable additions nave been made to tnis Jittie door, in prepa-ing it for a new edition ; several important practical matters, no* 

 treated of in an. former editions, having been introduced. Brief descriptions of the more important of the domestic arts, such as Wine and Vinegar Making, Brewing, the Manufacture 

 of Spirit? Baaing, Cheese-making, Cookery, &c, have been added, together with some account of the Scientific Principles involved in those arts. Numerous recent analyses of agricultural 

 crops have likewise been given, and the whole has been carefully revised and corrected." 



CONTENTS OF THE 



absorbs 



Absorption of 



manure 

 Acetates 

 Acetic acid 

 Acetic fermentation 



Acids 



Acids, organic 

 Acids, test for 

 Action of plants on 



the air 

 Active principles 

 Adulterated guano 



Affinity, chemical 

 After- damp in 

 Air [mines 



Air contains am- 

 monia 

 Air contains car- 

 bonic acid 

 Air contains water 

 Air, inflammable 

 Air necessary to life 

 Air, composition of 

 Air resists com ores- 

 Air, weight of [sion 



Alabaster 

 Albumen 

 Albumen, vegetable 



Alcohol 



Ale 



Alkali, test for 



Alkali, volatile 



Alkalies 



Alkalies, vegetable 



Alloys 



Almonds 



Alum 



Alumina 



Alumina, 



ammonia 

 Alumina in soil, use 

 of [of 



Alumina, phosphate 

 Alumina, silicate of 

 Alumina, sulphate 

 Aluminum ^ [of 

 Aluminum, oxide of 

 Ammonia 

 Ammonia absorbed 



bj alumina 

 Ammonia absorbed 

 by charcoal, <fec. 

 Ammonia, carbon- 



ate of 

 Ammonia, fixing of 

 Ammonia in air 

 Ammonia in rain- 

 water 

 Ammonia, loss of 

 Ammonia, muriate 

 Ammonia, phos- 

 phate 

 Ammonia, salts of 

 Ammonia, sulphate 

 Ammonia, urate of 

 Ammoniacal liquor 

 Analysis 

 Animal heat 

 Animal manures 

 Animal principles, 



proximate 

 Animal su stances 

 Animals, breath in 

 Of [of 



Animals, fattening 



Annotta 



Apple jelly 



Aquafortis 



Argol 



Arrack 



Arrowroot 



Arteries 



Artichoke, 



Ashes 



Atom 



Attraction 

 Aiote 



Balloons 



Bamboo 



Barilla 



Barley 



Barley straw 

 Barley Bugar 

 Barm 



Barometer 

 Base 



Basting meat 



Batatas 



Bay salt 

 Bean, field 

 Bean straw 

 Beans, kidney 

 Beech ashes 

 Beech nuts 



Jerusa- 

 lem 



Beer, Bavarian 

 Beet 



Beet-root sugar 

 Bell metal 



Bile 



Binary compounds 



^phosphate of lime 



Bitartrate ot potash 



Bleaching by chlo- 

 rine 



Bleaching by sul- 



Blende [p h U r 





B'ack Currant jelly 



Blood 



Blubber 



Bones 



Bran 



Brandy 



Brass 



Bread 



Bricks 



Brimstone 



British gum 



Bromide of magne- 



Bromides [sium 



Bromine 



Brown stout 



Buckwheat 



Buds 



Burning 



Burning lime 



Burning of plants 



Burnt clay 



Burnt sugar 



Butter 



Butter, clarified 



Butter, how co- 

 loured 



Butt r, melted 



Butter, salt 



Butyric acid 



Cabbage 



Cabbage, red 



Calamine 



Calcium 



Calcium,chloride of 



Calomel 



Camphor 



Candles 



Candle, burning of 



Cane 



Cane sugar 



Caoutchouc 



Caramel 



Carbon 



Carbon in plants 



Carbonate of am- 

 monia 



Carbonate of iron 



Carbonate of lead 



Carbonate of lime 

 Carbonate of mag- 

 nesia 

 Carbonate of potash 

 Carbonate of soda 

 Carbonates decom- 

 posed by acids 

 Carbonic acid gas 

 Carbonic acid gas 

 necessary to plants 

 Carbonic acid gas, 



decomposition oi 

 Carbonic oxide 

 Carburetted hydro- 

 Carcases [gen 

 Carrot 

 Caseine 



Caseine, vegetable 

 Castor oil 

 Caustic potash 

 Cellars, foul air in 

 Cellulose 

 Chalk 

 Chamomile 

 Changes, chemical 

 Tharcoal 



Charcoal absorbs 

 ammonia [of 



Charcoal, burning 



Charcoal, disinfect- 

 ing powers of 



Charring 



Cheddar cheese 

 Cheese 



Cheltenham salts 



Cherry-tree gum 



Cheshire cheese 



Chestnuts 



Chlorides 



Chlorine 



Churning 



Chyle 



Chjme 



Circulation 



cider 



Cinnabar 



Citric acid 



Clay 



Clay, burnt 



Clay iron ore 



Climate, differences 



Clover [of 



Coagulation of al- 

 Coal ashes [bumen 

 Coal-gas 



Coal-tar, naphtha 

 Cocoa-nut oil 



Cognac brandy 



Cohesion 



Coke 



Colophony 



Colour of soils [of 



Colours, changing 



Colours, vegetable 

 Colza 



Combination 

 Combination, [by 

 changes producea 

 Combining weights 

 Combustion 



of the 

 [blood 



Combining num- 

 bers 

 Combustion, results 

 Common salt [of 

 Composition of ani- 

 mal matter 

 Composition of or- 

 ganic matter 

 Composition of 



plants 

 Composition of soils 

 Composition of 



6 tones 

 Compounds 

 Contagion 

 Contagious matter 

 Cookery 

 Copper 



Copper in plants 

 Copper, oxide 

 Copper, pyrites 

 Copper, salts of 

 Copper, sulphate of 



Copperas 

 Coprolites 

 Corn 



Corrosive sublimate 

 Cotton 

 Couching 

 Cream 



Cream cheese 

 Cream of tartar 

 Crops, rotation of 

 Cubic nitre 

 Cultivated land 

 Curd of milk 

 Currants 

 Daguerreotype 

 Dahlia 



Death of plants 

 Decay [lime 



Decay, influence of 

 Decay, like burning 

 Decay of humus 

 Decay of plants 

 Decay, results of 

 Decay, under water 

 Decomposition 

 Decomposition, in- 

 duced [rocks 

 Decomposition of 

 Decomposition, 

 spontaneous 



Deliquescence 

 Dew 



Dextrine 



Diamond 



Diastase 



Digestion [ment of 

 Digestion, derange- 

 Diseases of plants 

 Distillation 



Ditch scrapings 

 Double salts 

 Dough 



Drainage water 

 Draining 



Dunder 



Daog 



Dutch rushes 



Dyeing 



Earth 



Earth nut 



Earths 



Earths, alkaline 



Earthy matter in 

 the air 



Earthy silicates 



Earthy substances 

 in plants 



Effervescence 



Egg, white of 



Elaine 



Electricity, influ- 

 ence on plants 



Elements 



Embryo 



Epsom salts 



Equivalent 



Excrement 



Excrements of sea 



Exhaustion of soils 

 Expansion [damp 



Explosion of fire- 



Faints, distiller's 



Fallowing 



Farm-yard dung 



Fat 



Fat of animals 



Feathers 



Feeding off with 



Fermeut [sheep 



Fermentation 

 Fertility 



Fibre, woody 



Fibrin, animal 



Fibrin, vegetable 



Finings 



Fir- ashes 



Fire 



Fire-damp 



Fish, refuse 



Fixed oil 



Fixing ammonia 



Flame 



Flax 



Fie^ 



Flint 



[fowl 



Flooring malt 



Flour 



Flour, damaged 



Flowers 



Flowers, their effect 



on the air 

 Fluorides 

 Fluorine 

 Food of animals 

 Food, chemical use 

 Food of plants [of 

 Formation of seed 

 Formation of soils 

 Foul smells 

 Freezing, effects of 

 Freezing of water 



Fruit 



Fruit, ripening of 



Fuel [chlorine 



Fumigating by 

 Fumigation by sul- 

 Fungi [phur 



Fur from water 

 Galvanised Iron 



Game, preserving 



Gas 



Gas coal 



Gas, inflammable 



Gas,manufactureof 

 Gas liquor 

 Gas liquor, strength 

 Gas tar [of 



Gastric juice 



Gelatine 



Geneva 



Germination 



Germination acce- 



Gin [lerated 



Glass 



Glauber salts 



Gliadine 



Gloucester cheese 



Glue 



Glue, refuse 



Gluten 



Glycerine 



Gold 



Gold, chloride 



Gold of Pleasure 



Gold mosaic 

 Gooseberries 

 Grain of Wheat 



Grains, spent 

 Grape su.ui* 

 Grapes 

 Grass 

 Gravity 



Gravity, specific 

 Greaves 

 Green manures 

 Green vitriol 



Growth of plants 



Guano 



Gum 



Gum arable 



Gum, British 



Gum, cherry-tree 



Gum, formation of 



Gum, resin 



Gun cotton 



Gunpowder 



Gutta percha 



Gyletun 



Gypsum 



Hair 



Hard water 



Hartshorn 



Hay 



Heat 



Hedges, foul 



Hemp-seed 



Hollands 



Honey 



Hoofs 



Hops 



Hordein 



Horn 



Ruinates 



Hun.ic acid 



Humus 



Hydrogen 



Hydrogen, carbu- 

 retted [of 

 H>droj?en, lightness 

 Hydrogen, Bulphu- 

 Ice [retted 

 Iceland moss 

 Indian corn 

 Indian rubber 

 Indigo 



Inflammable air 

 Inorganic matter in 



plants 

 Inorganic manures 

 Inulin 

 Iodides 

 Iodine 



Iodine in sea water 

 Iron 



Irrigation 



Isinglass 



Ivory 



JrNiPEa 

 Kelp 

 Kidneys 

 Kiln-drying 



Kirschwaseer 

 Lactic acid 



Latent heat 



Lead 



Leather 



Leaven 



Leaves 



Leaves, fall of the 



Leaves, office of 



Lees of wine 



Legumine 



Lemons 



Lentils 



Lettuce 



Light, effects of 



Light, influence on 



plants 

 Lighting a fire 



Lignin 

 Lime 



Lime, action on soil 

 Lime and salt 

 Lime, Diphosphate 

 Lime, burning [of 

 Lime, carbonate 

 Lime, caustic 

 Lime, citrate 

 Lime, hydrate of 

 Lime in plants 

 Lime, muriate of 

 Lime, nitrate of 

 Lime, oxalate of 

 Lime, phosphate of 

 Lime, 6ilicate of 

 Lime, slaking 

 Limestone [sian 

 Limestone, magne- 

 Lime, sulphate of 

 Lime, superphos- 

 phate of 

 Lime, when useful 

 Lime, when not to 



be used 

 Limes, juice of 

 Linen 

 Linseed 

 Liqueurs 

 Liquid manure 



Liquid manure 

 Litharge [tanks 

 Liver 



Loss of manure 



Lucerne 



Lun*8 of animals 

 Macaroni 



Magnesia 



Magnesia, carbon- 

 ate of 

 Magnesia in plants 



Magnesia, muriate 

 of 



Magnesia, phos- 

 phate of 



M agnesia, silicate of 

 Magnesia, sulphate 

 of 



Magnesian lime- 

 stone 



Magnesium 



Magnesium, chlo- 

 ride of 



Magnesium, oxide of 



Maize 



Malt 



Matting 



Malic acid 



langanese 

 Manganese in 



plants 

 Mauganese in soils 

 Manganese,oxide of 

 Mangold Wurzel 

 Manures 

 Maple hugar 

 Maraschino 

 Marble 



Mark of Grapes^ 

 Margarine 

 Marl 

 Mashing 

 Mead 



Meat boiling 

 Meat roasting 



Medicines, action of 

 Mercury 



Mercury, chlorides 



Mercury, oxides ot" 



Mercury, sulphuret 



Metallic alloys [of 



Metallic oxides 



Metallic salts 



Metals 



Milk 



M illet 



Minium 



Mixture 



Mixture of soils 



Molasses 



Mordaunts 



Mortar 



Mosaic* gold 



Mould 



Mouldering 



Mouldiness 



Mucilage 



Muriate of ammonia 



Muriate of lime 



Muriate of magne- 



Muriate of soda [sia 



Muriates 



VOLUME. 



Muriatic acid 

 Muscle 



Muscovado sugar 



Musk 

 Must 

 Mustard 



X APHTHA 



Xascent state 

 Natural vegetation 

 Xightsoil [fected 

 Nighttoil, disin- 

 Nitrate of lime 

 Nitrate of potash 

 Xitrate of soda 

 Nitrate of silver 

 Nitrates 



Nitrates, in plants 

 Nitre 



Nitre beds 

 ! Nitre, cubic 

 Nitric acid 

 Nitric acid in ma- 

 Nitrogen [nure 

 Noyeau 



Nutrition of plants 



Nutrition of ani- 

 Oak ashes [mats 

 Oats 



Odours of plants 

 Oil 



Oilcake 

 Oil, castor 

 Oil of cloves 

 Oil, cocoa-nut 

 Oil, dregs 

 Oil, drying 

 Oil, fat 

 Oil, fixed 

 Oil, linseed 

 Oil, mustard 



Oil of lavender 



Oil of lemons 



Oil of turpentine 



Oil of vitriol 



Oil, olive 



Oil, poppy 



Oil, rape 



Oil, rock 



Oil seeds 



Oil, volatile 



Oleine 



Opodeldoc 



Ores, roasting of 



Organic acids 



Organic manures 



Organic matter 



Organic substances 

 in soils 



Organic transform- 

 ations 



Organised matter 



Oxalate in lime in 

 Oxalic acid [plants 

 Oxalis 



Oxide, carbonic 

 Oxide of copper 

 Oxide of iron 

 Oxide of lead 



Oxide of manganese 



Oxide of mercury 



Oxide of silver 



Oxide of tin 



Oxides, metallic 



Oxygen 



Paint, white 



Pal en juice 



Paper bleached by 



Paring [chlorine 



Parmesan cheese 



Parsnip 



Paste 



Pearlash 



Peas 



Peat ashes 



Pectine 



Per-oxides 



Perry 

 Persalts 



Petre 

 Pet re, salt 

 Pewter 



Phosphates 

 Phosphoric 

 Phosphoric 



plants 

 Phosphoric 



bone 

 Phosphoric 

 Phosphorus 

 Pickling cabbage 

 Pine-apples 

 Pipes, bursting of 

 Pitch 



Plants, composition 

 Plants, death of [ot 

 Plants, decay of 

 Plants decompose 



carbonic acid [air 

 Plants, effect of, on 



the 

 Plants, elements of 

 Plants, food of 

 Plants, gn »wth of 

 Plaster of Paris 

 Plaster stone 

 Plough, subsoil 

 Plums 

 Polenta 



acid 

 acid 



in 



acid in 



[water 



acid in 



Pond mud 

 Poppy seed 



Porter 



Potash [of 



Potash, binoxalate 

 Potash, bi tartrate ot 

 Potash, carbonate of 

 Potash, caustic 

 Potash in plants 

 Potash in the soil 



Potash, muriate of 

 Potash, nitrate of 

 Potash, salts of 

 Potash, 6ilicate of 

 Potash, sulphate of 

 Potashes 

 Potassium 

 Potassium, chloride 

 Potato [of 



Potato haulm 

 Potato spirit 



Potato starch 



Potato, sweet 



Pottery 



Principles, active 



Proportions 

 Protein 

 Proto-salts 

 Protoxides 



Proximate animal 



Pruning [principles 



Putrefaction 



Putrefaction, influ- 

 ence of lime in 



Putrefying animal 

 matter 



Putrid fermentation 



Putrid urine 



Putty powder 



Pyrites 



Pyrites, copper 

 Pyroligneous acid 

 Pyroiignites 

 Pyrox>lic spirit 



Quartz 



Quaternary com- 

 Quicklime [pounds 

 Quicksilver 

 Rain water 

 Raisins 

 Rape seed 



Rape vine 

 Red cabbage 

 Red lead 



Refuse of gas works 



Rennet 



Resins 



Respiration (tion 

 Results of combus. 

 Results of putrefac- 



Rhubarb [tion 



Rice 



Ripening of fruit 

 River mud 

 River water 

 Road drift 

 Rock salt 



Rocket [tion of 



Rocks, disintegra- 

 te oman vitriol 

 Roots 



Rotation of crops 

 Ruby 

 Rum 



Rushes, Dutch 

 Rust of iron 

 Rye 



Rye straw 

 Saccharine matter 



Saiety-lamp 

 Sainfoin 



^al-ammoniac 

 Saline compounds 

 Saline draughts 

 Saline manures 

 Salt 



Salt and lime 

 Salt bay 



Salt, common 

 Salt in sea water 



Salt, rock 



Salt, spirit of 



Salt, sea 



Salt, solution of, in 



saltpetre [water 



Salts 



Sand 



Sapphire 

 Sawdust 



Schiedam 



Sea fowl, excre- 



Sea-water [ments of 



Sea-weed 



Seeds 



Seed, formation of 



Seed*, germination 



Seeds, steeping [of 



>eidhtz powders 

 Seiec:ion by roots 

 Semolina [of plants 

 Shell sand 



hells 

 Silex 



iliea 

 Silica in plants 



ilica in soil, use of 

 Silicate of alumina 



Silicate of lime 

 Silicate of magnesia 



Silicate of potash 



Silicate of soda 



Silicates 



Silicic acid 



ilicon 



Silk dyeing 



Silver 



Silver, chloride of 



Silver, nitrate of 



Silver, oxide of 



Silver, salts of 



Siiver, sulphuret of 

 Size 



ize, resin 



skimmed milk 



Skin 



Slaking of lima 



Slag 



Smells, foul 



Smoke 

 Straw ashes 

 Straw of barley 



traw of buckwheat 

 Straw of lentils 

 Straw of maize 

 Straw of oats 

 -traw of rye 

 Straw of vetch 

 Straw of wheat 

 Strong manures 

 Sub-salts 

 Subsoil 



Subsoil ploughing 

 Substratum 

 Suffocation from 

 Sugar [charcoal 

 Sugar, barley 

 Sugar, candy 

 Sugar, formation of 

 "^ u$ar of lead 

 Su^ar of milk 

 Sugar, refining 

 Sugar refiners* 



waste 



Sulphates 

 Sulphur 



Sulphur in plants 

 Suphuret of iron 

 -Sulphuret of lead 

 Sulphuret of silver 

 Sulphurets 

 ^melting 

 Soap 



Soap-boiling 

 Soap, decomposi- 

 Soap, soft [tion of 

 Soap, transparent 

 Soap, yellow 

 Soapmaker's ash 

 Soda 



Soda, carbonate of 

 Sod a in rocks 

 Soda in plants 

 Soda in soils 

 Soda, muriate of 

 Soda, nitrate of 

 Soda, silicate of 

 Soda, sulphate of 

 g iiura 



-odium, chloride of 



Soft water 



Soil 



Soils, analysis of 



Soil, colour of 



Soils, composition of 



Soils, exhaustion of 



Soils, formation of 



Soils, mixture of 



Soils, nature of 



Solder 



Soot 



Sorrel 



Soup 



Specific gravity 



Spices 



Spirit proof 



Spirit, pyroxylfc 



Spirit of salt 



Spirit of win* 



Sponge 



Spring water 



springs 



Mall feediag 



Starch 



Steam 

 Stearic acid 



Meariae 

 still 



Stiitoi cheese 

 Sulpkuret of tin 

 Sulphuretted hy- 

 drogen 

 Sulphuric acid 

 Sulphurous acid 

 sulphurous acid 

 checks fermenta- 



Suntiower [tion 

 uuflower seed 



Super-salts [lime 

 u per- phosphate ot 



Super-tartrate of 



Swedes [potash 



Tabasheer 



Tannin 



Tanning 



Tapioca 



Tar 



Tarnish on silver 



Tartar 



Tartaric acid 



Tartrates 



Teeth 



Ternary compound* 



Tests, vegetable 



Thermometer 



Thunderbolt 



Tiles 



Tin 



Tin, oxide of 



Tin plate 



Tin, sulphuret of 

 Toast 

 Toasted cheese 



Tobacco 

 Toddy 



Treacle 



Tropical countries 



Tubers 



Turf-ashes 



Tur ",ric 



Turnips 



Turpentine 



Turpentine, oil of 



Urate ot ammonia- 



Urea 



Trie acid 



Urine 



Use of leaves 



Use of plants 



Usquebaugh 



Vapour condensed 

 I by cold 



Vapour in the air 



Vegetable alkalies 



Vegetable manure 



Vegetables, boiling 



Veins [or 



Vermilion 



Vetch 



Vinegar 



Vinegar distilled 



Vinous fetmenta- 



Vitriol, blue [tion 

 Vitriol, green 

 Vitriol, oil of 



Vitriol, white 

 Volatile alkali 

 Volatile oil 



Walnuts 



Wash, distillers' 



Water 



W titer, action 



Water, air in [led 

 Water, compositoa 

 of 



Water, freezin; of 

 Water, hard 

 Water,impur.ties in 

 Water, miuo*ai 

 1 Wat. r neceisary tc 



plants 

 Water, New River 

 Water, phosphoric 



acid in 

 Water, pure 

 Water, rain 

 Water, sea 



Water, soft 



Water, spring 



Water, Thames 



Water, well 



Wax 



>Veed-ash 



Weeds, 



Weeds, burning of 



Weeds, putrefaction 



Weeds, spread of [of 



Wheat grain 



Wheat 6traw 



Wheat starch 



Whey 



Whiskey 



White lead 



White of egg 



Wine 



Wine, brandy 



Wine, domestic 

 Wine, fermentation 

 Wine, fining of [of 

 Wine, pricked 

 Wine, ripening of 

 Wine, vinegar 



Wood ashes 



Wood spirit 



Woody fibre 



Wool 



Wool dyeing 



Wool, mill refl 



Wool rAgs 



Wool soap 



Wort 



Wort, foxiness of 



Xtloidiw* 



Veast 



Yeatt as manur* 



Veast, artificial 



Ve; , bad 

 Yeast, drj 



Zinc , -, « 

 Zinc, enfonde or 



Zinc, oxide of 

 Zinc, sulphate of 







Published by J, Matthews, at the Office of the Gardener*' Chronicle, 5, Upper ^liogt^teeet, Strand, London ; and may be had by order of any 



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