



4 



T II E AGR 



rplli; LONDON MANURE COMPANY 



beg 



.*_ <ffer, as under, CORN" MANURE, most valuable for 

 -nrin^ dr.ssioz— Concentrated Urate, Superphosphate of Lime, 

 Nitrate of Soda, Sulphate of Ammonia, Fishery and Agricul- 

 tural Salt*, Gvpsum, Fos il Bones, Sulphuric Acid, and every 

 nther ArtiBcial Manure ; als a constant supply of English 

 •nH Foreign Linseed-cake. Peruvian Guano, guaranteed the 

 renuine importation of Messrs. A. Gibbs and Sons, 91. 10j. per 

 Son or 9/. 5i. in quantities of 5 tons and upwards. 

 w ' Edwabd Pubseb, Secretary. 



40, Bridge-sfree^ Blackfriars, London . 



to I experiments has ever been conducted on a ^cale suf- 





 









 







MANURES. — The following Manures are manu- 

 factured at Mr. La we a' a Factory, Deptford Creek : 



Clover Manure, per ton ... ... £11 



Turnip Manure, do. ... ... ••• ••• » 



Superphosphate of Lime ^ 7 



Sulphuric Acid and Coprolites 5 



Office, 69, King William-street, City, London. 

 K.B. Peruvian Guano, guaranteed to contain 16 per cent, of 

 Ammonia, 91. 15s. per ton ; and for 5 tons or more, $1. 10j. per 

 ton. in dock. Sulphate o f Ammonia, (be 



UANO AND OTHER MANURES.— Peruvian 



_ Guauo of the finest quality • Superphosphate of Lime; 

 Gv;»5um; Salt ; Nitrate of Soda; Moffat's Patent Concentrated 

 City Sewage Manure, and all others of known value. — Apply to 

 Mask Fothebgill, 204, Upper Th ameg-street, London. 



THE CONICAL BOILERS INVENTED BY 

 JOIIX ROGERS, Esq., are supplied and fixed by John 

 Soewew, ironmonger, Sevenoaks. Also all kinds of Hot Water 

 Apparatus. For Churches and Public Buildings, Mr. Shewen 

 •kould be consulted, his Warm Air Apparatus being safer, 

 more efficient, and more durable than any other. 



ARTIFICIAL ; MANURES. — PRIVATE IN^ 

 STRUCTIONS in Chemical Analysis and the most ap- 

 proved methods of making Artificial Manures are given by 

 J. C. Ne*bit, F.C.S., F.G.S., at the Laboratories, Scientific 

 School, 3S, Kennington-lane, London. 



Analyses of Soils, Manures, Minerals, &c, performed as 

 ufual, on moderate terms. 



ESSRS. NESBirS CHEMICAL AND AGRI- 



CULTURAL SCHOOL, 38, Kennington-lane, London.— 

 A sound practical knowledge of Analytical and Agricultural 

 Ckemistry, Geology, Surveying, Levelling, Railway Engineer- 

 ing, Ac, may be obtained in Messrs. Nesbit's Academy, in 

 addition to a good modern education. 



Mr. NESsrT's works on Arithmetic, Mensuration, Gauging, 

 Land Surveying, English Parsing, &c, are published by Long- 

 maw and Co., and may be had of all Booksellers. 



DO YOU BRUISE YOUR OATS ? 

 No ; then you lose 50 per cent. 



A. NICE STABLE MESS, effecting immense saving, 

 and vastly improving the condition of ihe animal— bruised 

 Oats, straw cut into chaff of a certain length, and a little hay ; 

 the whole steamed, and served up at discretion. No rack- 

 down with ihe racks;— MARY WEDLAKE'S MACHINES, 

 118, Fenchurch-street, and 11, Tavistock-street, Cevent-garden, 

 where a machine may be seen at work. A pamphlet on the 

 above, by sending 12 postage s tamps. 



STEPHENSON and Co., 61, Gracechurch-street, 

 London, and 17, New Park-street, Southwark, Inventors 

 and Manufacturers of the Improved CONICAL and DOUBLE 

 CYLINDRICAL BOILERS, respectfully solicit the attention of 

 scientific Horticulturists to their much improved method of 

 applying the Tank System to Pineries, Propagating Houses, 

 &c„ by which atmospheric heat as well as bottom-heat is 

 secured to any required degree, without the aid of pipes or flues. 

 S. and Co. have also to state that at the request of numerou» 

 friends they are now making their Boilers of Iron, as well as 

 Copper, by which the cost is reduced. These Boilers, which 

 are now so well known, scarcely require description, but to 

 those who have not seen them in operation, prospectuses will 

 be forwarded, as well as reference of the highest authority j or 

 they may be seen at most of the Nobility's seats and principal 

 Nurseries throughout the kingdom. 



5. and Co. beg to inform the Trade that at their Manufactory, 

 17, New Park-street, every article required for the construction 

 of Horticultural Buildings, as well as for heating them, may 

 be obtained upon the most advantageous terms. 



Conservatories, &c, of Iron or Wood, erected upon the most 

 ornamental designs. Balconies, Palisading, Field and Garden 

 rence9, Wire-work, &c. 



Efte ^grtcttltural (Burnt* 



JANUAR 



MEETING FOB THE FOLLOWING WEEK. 

 TsuftSBAT, Jan. 30— Agricultural I mp. Soc. of Ireland. 



In theory, as Dr. Anderson justly observes, a 

 manure to be perfect ought to contain all the ele- 

 ments of the food of plants in the exact proportion 

 in which they are required ; but however true that 

 may be in theory, it cannot be complied with in 

 practice — and hence the need of the supplementary 

 practice, for so it is, of the rotation of crops ; and 

 hence, again, the propriety of conjoining our theories 

 of manuring and cropping, and of arranging in our 

 experiments that both of these considerations shall 

 have due attention. 



The maintaining of the soil in the highest degree 

 oi fertility, by a proper system of manuring and 

 cropping, and the gradual exhaustion of that fertility 

 HL£?S?"l or P^taken practice, have always been 



Almost every pro- 

 witness to the fact of lands having be- 



or snm. a of 8 rowin g Wheat, Turnips, Clover, 

 or some other specific crop generally cultivated. 



comnW cl . lntrodu ction of artificial manures, 

 c^plaints of this kind were more loud than they 



now iS if' but even where artificial manures are 

 \Z_^ \ i* Pplied ' U ta difficult t0 »7 what 

 Start? ? ' * Peri ° d ° f 30 y ears ma y Pronounce 



A^Hfa^^^^ ' exha ^tion of the soil. 



mend si * ^ ™ hi * ot > that we would "~m- 



oSnin^ *J ° manUreS Under different mo( * es 

 vailed PP if management than has hitherto pre- 



auea * It Caiinot as vet h* em'rl *w * M ^* .r 



ficient to establish any trustworthy guide to the 

 manuring and cropping of land, so as to maintain it 

 in the highest degree of fertility. Reports on expe- 

 riments have generally been confined to individual 

 crops. They have seldom extended over the whole 

 rotation, though even that would be insufficient to 

 establish a perfect system of manuring. An expe- 

 riment with any specific manure, whether artificial 

 or not, for one crop, only furnishes evidence as to 

 that crop, and not for the others in the rotation ; and 

 one rotation speaks only for itself. 



must embrace both these subjects, in order to furnish 

 the v ist amount of material now needed by chemists 

 as well as fanners, to furnish sound theory, and 

 guide good practice. 



Many of our readers may probably think that 



but as all 



experimenting will not 



"pay;" 



appli- 





j — wew, ur uiisiaxen practic 

 topics of the deepest interest 



come « tired 



But reported experiments with specific manures 

 have been not only confined, generally speaking, 



but have been conducted apparently 



cations of manure and cropping are experiments of 

 the class which we principally suggest, difficulties of 

 this kind disappear the moment we begin to handle 

 the subject practically. All that is wanted, gene- 

 rally speaking, is reports of experience and observa- 

 tion. 



to one crop, 



just to ascertain which of two manures applied 

 to the soil will produce the greatest produce. 

 Thus, a soil tired of growing Turnips, which at one 

 period in its history (extending over three rotations 

 with an application of 20 tons of farm-yard manure 

 to each), would have given a return fluctuating 

 between 25 and 30 tons of Turnips per acre, now, 

 notwithstanding equal, and it may be superior 

 management as regards draining and supply of 

 manure", only yields from 15 to 20 tons, showing a 

 defalcation of 10 tons per acre. But 4 cwt. of 

 alkaline phosphates and organic matter are now 

 applied per acre, instead of 20 tons of farm-yard 

 manure, and we again realise the original productive- 

 ness of the land, in the case of the Turnip crop. 



This experiment might lead one to conclude that 

 the land has been restored to its original fertility, 

 but any such conclusion is premature — the facts 

 adduced prove nothing of the kind. All that they 

 amount to is, that 4 cwt. of artificial manure, con- 

 taining about £ cwt. of organic, and 3 cwt. of in- 

 organic matter, with £ cwt. of water, were applied 

 to the soil, and that 3£ tons of organic and 5£ cwt. 

 inorganic matter, with 31 tons 4^ cwt. of water were 

 removed. Beyond this all is speculation without 

 further experiment. And we put this case just to 



» 



show the meagre character of experiments, as they 

 are frequently reported. We are at liberty to say 

 that these quantities of organic and inorganic matter 

 have been applied and removed from the soil, but 

 we have no right to say that after this has been 

 done the soil consequently is exhausted of the differ- 

 ence, much less that the application of such a manure, 

 along with the application of the farm-yard manure, 

 to the corn and Grass crops will keep up the fertility 

 of the soil to its highest degree. Of itself the experi- 

 ment is useful as showing how the application of such 

 a small quantity of artificial manure enables the soil 

 to work up and manufacture such an increase of 

 valuable produce. It introduces a new system, con- 

 ferring many benefits upon the farmer. The increase 

 of the Turnip crop is not the only advantage gained 

 by him ; for he can now apply the farm-yard manure 

 arising from one crop to the lands for the ensuing 

 corn crop, in cases where Barley, Oats, and spring 

 Wheat are grown, instead of to the one succeeding 

 it, as under the old system. There is in such cases 

 a saving of manure — a saving of capital — and an in- 

 crease in both corn and Turnip crops ; so that, put- 

 ting all advantages together, the general gain to the 

 farmer is considerable. But although all this may 

 be true for the time, yet the gains thus derived, so 

 far as they are immediately connected with the ex- 

 periment, are only of a temporary character, having 

 no certain duration. Granting that, from the other 

 advantages arising out of the system of growing Tur- 

 nips with artificial manures, the soil is for the time 

 restored to its original state of fertility, there is 

 nothing arising out of the experiment to warrant the 

 conclusion that a continuance of the application of 

 the artificial manure will maintain it in this state, 

 but rather the reverse; for, if the soil became tired 

 of growing Turnips, and other crops generally culti- 

 vated, with the application of farm-yard manure, 

 the inference is obvious that a manure still more 

 defective of supplying all the elements of the crops 

 will be at least as unable to maintain its fertility. 

 The annual progress of exhaustion may be slow, and 

 amid the fluctuations in the weight of crops, almost 

 imperceptible. It was so under the old system. 

 Few calculated as to amount ; and yet at the expiry 

 of 30 years, a decrease of 10 tons of produca had 

 taken place per acre on one crop. 



The individual experiment before us furnishes 

 indeed but little useful evidence of any kind. The 

 general fertility of the soil is a thing on which a 

 thousand influences are at work ; and a system of 

 experiments upon the whole subject, involving the 

 succession of crops, as well as the wants of parti- 

 cular crops, is needed. It is not experiments to 

 test the comparative values of different manures 

 alone, but of these as acting under and upon different 

 systems of cropping, that are wanted ; for before it 

 can be ascertained that any equilibrium is kept up 

 in the supply and consumption of manure, ou 

 experimenters must extend their operations. Report 



SCOTCH AND ENGLISH FARMING. 



The animosity which existed in former times between 

 the Scotch and English nations, occasioned many a hard- 

 fought battle, which the historian has chronicled and 

 handed down to us. The natural and happy union o£ 

 the two countries has put an end to their mutual strife. 

 The two, firmly banded together, now join hand in hand 

 in repelling the common foe — they have, in regard to 

 each other, turned their swords into ploughshares, and 

 have long since buried all intentions of actual hostility. • 

 Some little remnant of the old leaven does, however, 

 now and then appear, when the English and Scotch 

 come into competition in the peaceful pursuits of their 

 common industry— whether of manufactures, commerce, 

 or agriculture^ It is to a very amusing instance of the 

 working of this old heartburning that we now wisli to 

 call attention. A Scotch farmer having made an excur- 

 sion through the English counties, happened to publish 

 some remarks, and in qualifying his praise of the agri- 

 culture of the natives, spoke rather disparagingly of their 

 skill in some points. In retaliation Mr. Pusey invades 

 East Lothian ; m drives his own horses 20 or 30 miles 

 a day ; uses his eyes whilst sitting on the dickey ; 

 returns home fully charged with electric ire, and watches 

 an opportunity of firing off his thunder and lightning 

 against the whole tribe of Scotch farmers. Truly his 

 recent exhibition at the London Farmers' Club must 

 have been a source of regret (or amusement) to all his 

 friends in England or even in Scotland, where, notwith- 

 standing this display, we can assure him he has many. 

 Indeed, we can scarcely believe it is the same gentle- 

 manly Mr. Pusey who writes in the a English Agricul- 

 tural Journal M — the manner in which he has acquitted 

 himself in this last instance is so different from his 

 usual bearing. He tells his English friends that he 

 once believed in the superiority of the Scotch farmers 

 over the English, but knew more about it now, for in 

 his recent tour he made the discovery that the low- 

 land was " well farmed " (ah ! does Mr. Pusey admit so 

 much as this ?) — the hill sides " very moderate," but 

 * on the top of the hills no farming at all ;" had the con- 

 trary been the case it would have been high farming 

 with a vengeance. However, Mr. Pusey wished to be 

 impartial, and did not want his hearers a to take his own 

 opinion/' being but a recent convert and unduly fired 

 with zeal. Dr. Johnson, purblind, and in his dotage, ig 

 raised up to testify as to the fertility of the land. Oliver 

 Cromwell, his next agricultural authority, goes another 

 hundred years back to bear him out as to the richness 

 of the soil. Since these times Mr. Pusey does not note 

 any improvement in the agriculture of the country, but 

 the morals of the people he admits are improved, for 

 u the most impudent lying, and frequent swearing," 

 which the people were formerly noted for, have been 

 given up, or at least have been modified into a vile 

 habit of "bragging, boasting, and humbugging the 

 simple and credulous English." Such are the heads of 

 Mr. Pusey's after-dinner speech. Let us say a few 

 words in passing, on the general question. We 

 have always been of opinion that the Scotch and 

 English systems of farming never admitted of com- 

 parison as a whole, and have not failed before now 

 to express our dissent from those who made sweeping 

 and unqualified statements on this subject — there has 

 certainly been by far too much of it from the north side 

 of the Tweed. In fact, the greater number of the recent 

 pamphlets which have issued from the Scotch press 

 have generally harmonised with each other in this 

 respect. Mr. Caird's " high farming " experience was 

 particularly addressed to the farmers in the south. 

 Lord Kinnaird's boasting on this head was most noto- 

 rious, and his racy antagonist "Peter Plough," coin- 

 cided with him. Mr. Munro on u Landlords' Rents and 

 Tenants' Profits " saw nothing but ruin for the Scotch 

 farmers, but admitted that the " Farming of the 

 Lothians " would be a sufficient protection to the farmers 

 in the south of England, and " Blackwood " styled this 

 "a very able pamphlet," and joined in the general 

 chorus. Although Mr. Milne, in his u Report " is 

 rather dubious about this matter, he has given the 

 northerns the credit of " making more of their land." 

 Mr. Pusey might have attacked either or all of 

 these authorities with good grace, had he not been 

 indirectly implicated himself in encouraging all this 

 nonsense, as we shall give him something more than a 

 hint of, by-and-bye. In truth we should have been 

 ri#ht glad to have seen him attack that Scotch 

 " Preux Chevalier " — Lord Kinnaird ; and the Docks 

 amongst the Wheat in the Carse of Gowrie, to which 

 Mr. Pusey refers, furnished him with a legitimate casus 

 belli. A very pretty quarrel these two might have made 

 of it, and one with which we should have been the last 

 to interfere. Having, however, made up his mind for a 

 passage of arms, Mr. Pusey has not thought it necessary 

 to discriminate. But, like Don Quixote of old, he sallies 

 forth, and, very mat-apropos, couches his lance and 



