60 



PHE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 



[Jan. 25, 



Mr. truer, North- 



shall only make a few quotation 



rinir, states that his : inn coflrists chiefly of a strong 



-that ho had tried this grubber chiefly in 



he 





cUy Boil — that ho 



cleaning and preparing fallow for Wheat, the Turn 



season being over before he got /it. Its advantages 



states to be cheapness, its keeping itself cleaner and 



freer in very dirty land — its easy draught (th- Dyns 



-flmneter showin^'that two horses worked it as easily 



as three d the common grubber)— and particularly 



that on his stiff soil the land when ploughed, after usin 



this implement, turns up much freer and without that 



stiffness in the bottom < the furrow which he invariably 



after QliDg the old heavy grubber. Mr. Wright, 



iiedderwick Hiil, whose firm variej from stiff clay to 



rich loam and light san<l, has used it witli decided 



advantage in cleaning bis fallows and Beau stubbl ; 



and y means of it sows his Turnips from the winter 



furrow without further ploughing. In preparing his 



Bean stubble for Wheat, he splits the drills with the 

 plough before using the grubbers. Mr. Peacock, 

 PappU?, confirms these statements. His soil being also 

 a str \% one, he stales that in preparing hi* land for 

 Turnip sowing, he takes in only as moeh at a time as 

 be can finish in a day, and leaves the remainder un- 

 aoehed mud that is sown, as it sets into a tolil mass 



caqeht by rain after being • deeply pulverised. 



ftfB, Todrit pittal; Hall, \inisfle1d Mains ; and 



» Huntington ; testify to the same effect The 



three first-named gem I en • n use the Traprain grubbers 

 well as Secular's ; and while they are unanimous in 



*og light grubbers, are not quite decid* 1 

 wttch is m all respect* the .*st. Mr. II nm, of 3 



JH* Mains, at the East < tkrwiekshire farmers' < 'tab. 



1 •>• /toilers to Steam E> .— 1 dare say I am not 



the first or only J iner who has been plagued with 

 black smoke and a bad draught from ones engine 

 cbimney. As I have comuiei 1 the difficulty, I may 

 now save some pains and penalties to others. In my 

 humble opinion, 9 out of 10 who fit up engines are 

 rather defaulters as to flues. You are assured that no 



that the draught will keep all 

 consequence 



sweeping is required 



clean, and so forth 



n 1 the engine that went off so freely when new and 

 all the flues clear, gradually loses power, more stoking 



is requir I, and the neighbourhood is poisoned with 



1 w hich ought to be Hame. The vexation and 



[ do assert that flues. 



smoke, ™„.v,.» ~- & 

 waste of coal 



I mean those having a tunnel 

 be set so that you can 



Home 



ondence. 



f><vry Munnffmrnr —An \ hfMtft the man • m.-nt 



of mih-h eow* to be *««{» »r hen? to that in any part 



t>f Rug I And — and acr fertfcularly so to that of my 



°*ti n */» Somerset, it may be interesting to tell 



nhow I manage mine, and the quantity of produce 

 ►tain weekly. I have a boiler o taining about 40 

 gdbtlS, and into it I jpnt about 50 lbs. of Turnips, a con 

 •iderftbfo quantity of water, and about 12 lbs. of straw 

 cat into chaff, and this. is boiled for about two how* 

 wtiea »t becomes a dark nasty looking mess ; one-half 



?i i! fj*** ° 0t int0 two luta » * nd w|liIst warin 

 1 i lb. of Bean or Pea- meal is stirred into each, and 



then is(o tach cow at about ll0° of heat That 



wWeh is left in tbe b- r n mains till morning, and if 



wanBenowh f or wm i M h Iheo 



m**4 with the Pea or UeaMvJ, as before, and given 

 Jjjf" mm .t Ifeal of day ; t! .with hay jJtawm 



sVii.r f!**" . *"* J* 1 * '^J and I got about 

 ** lbs. of batter from each sow— I omitted to say I have 



my two cow* The butter produced in this way has 



£L I*- T^T' Mil th * * v "% * I, which th 

 2 rAt ll '' { mm l lH a f°* ^iterion of ,ts take. 



©»* Rabbit Amiu,_I t^faA vm . r u it(sr __, . 



m 



II 



especially in nue i>oners- 



th rough the centre— should „~ — «~ j — — 



readily clean out, not only the brick flues, but that 

 which passes through the boiler. On examining mine, 

 by breaking through the brick-work, I found it almost 

 eboked ya fine heavy dust or sand from the coal or 

 bricks, or both ; I rem ed several barrow-loads. 

 Surely such boilers should never be bricked up without 

 accessible doors to clean them out occasionally. The 

 mom* nt you see a dense volume of smoke issuing from 

 ft Steam chimney depend on it there is imperfect com 

 bastion and waste. I say, therefore, look to your flues 

 and chimneys. When my man complained, " Sir, I 

 cannot get the steam up I* " Well, are all your flues 

 swept!" "Oh! yes.*' "Is the flue through the 

 boib wept ? " " No, we can't get at that," and yet it 

 was nearly full of sandy grit. Perhaps some of 

 y ir con pond* -nts can enlarge upon this subject. 

 Flues should almost encompass the boiler, provided 

 you have a high dome to it, to prevent its priming, or 

 spoiling the water. I'. S. An opening for cold air at 

 the back of the bridge facilitates combustion. It is 

 th want of draught caused by foul flues that causes 

 the furnace bars to melt or warp. /. J. Mechi, Tijptree, 

 Jan. 11,1851. 



Poultry, P, ivj —I am much obliged to your 



correspondent " H. Ilottiman " for so gently correcting 

 me in the ridiculous error I made, when employing the 

 word " pinioning n in connection with Sir John Sebright's 

 name. I ar be it from me to impute to the late worthy 

 baronet any ignorance 00 the subject in which he was so 

 thoroughly ver 1. I take ail shame to myself for 

 writing so Ioom \y. J should have expressed myself more 

 intelligibly and more logically. The purport of Sir 

 John Sebright' l remark to me was, that with a view to 

 try whether wild ducks could be rendered tame, and re- 

 iled to the poultry yard, he had drawn out a number 



for the table to a healthy palate, added to which the 

 strong saline taste can never be perfectly removed. 

 With your correspondent, I confess that * I have never 

 seen it growing," but I have collected it in great quan- 

 tities on the Dorsetshire coast when thrown up fresh 

 from the sea. In this state it is of a milk-white colour, 

 but after being thoroughly rinsed in fresh water, and a 

 long exposure to the sun in the open air, it changes 

 colour, curls up, becomes extremely light in weight, in 

 which state it should be packed away in paper bags, and 

 kept hung up in a dry place for winter store. Carrigeen 

 rarely nauseates, and has been known under my own 

 experience to have been the sole support in several 

 cases for some months, when the stomach would 

 retain no other kind of food. It should never be 

 given when the patient is suffering from diarrhoea, 

 having a tendency to increase the complaint. (7. E. G. 



Seeing another notice of the « Carrigeen Moss " in 



the Agricultural Gazette, and having seen two notices of 

 a singular case in Carrot culture in the Gardeners? 

 Chronicle, and seeing that neither has yet got from any 

 botanist the consideration which the mere working 

 farmer should expect, I am induced to trouble you again 

 with a short notice of both, in the hope of stimulating 

 further enquiry, if such be necessary. The plant called 

 " Carrigeen " is noticed by Sir Robert Kane in his 

 u Elements of Chemistry," page 878, under the head 

 Lichenine, where he says : " This variety of starch, 

 which is found in many Lichens, especially in the Ice- 

 land Moss and the Carrigeen (Spherococcus crispus), is 

 not contained in the plant in grains, but in a soluble 

 condition. To obtain it the Lichen is first digested in a 

 cold dilute solution of carbonate of soda, to dissolve the 

 bitter resinous principle ; and this being completely 

 washed away, the Lichen is boiled for a long time in 

 water ; a liquor is obtained, from which, on cooling, the 

 Lichenine separates as an opaque grey jelly, which 

 when dried is black, hard, and glossy. Its properties 

 are very similar to those of Inuline. It gives with 

 iodine a greenish-brown colour. Its composition is ex- 

 pressed by the same formula as the others. (Starches,) 

 C l2 H 10 0, ." On reading the above I again looked 

 into the " Flora Hibernica, ,, by Dr. Mackay, where I 

 find he has arranged this plant differently, and under a 

 different name to Spherococcus. He calls it " Chondrus 

 crispus," or curled Chondrus, and describes it in his 

 "Algae Rhodospermse," pages 201 and 202. He says 

 "it grows on our rocky shores very common, very 

 variable in size, shape, and colour (often of a full green); 

 yet the accustomed eye will find little difficulty in recog- 

 nising it under all its varieties. On our western shores 



of their " flight " feathers. It was, as I observed, done it is°collected in large quantities by poor women and 



children, and sold under the name of Blancmange-weed 



merely by way of experiment ; and I immediately made 

 a note of the result. I hardly need repeat that Sir 

 Johns 6Xp ations were fully borne out. When the 

 new flight feathers appeared, the ducks, naturally wild, 

 »ok their speedy departure. All persons who have 

 made the instinct f animals their constant study, can 

 readily understand this. Nature's laws are universal 

 unehang ble. WUl m Kidd, New-road, Hammersmith. 



Fat Bmdmg Stock.— Allow me to suggest to the com- 



ffio^I^ ™ Ut , of the Agricultural Society of England, that 



trer kept w 101 | but at this season of the year I have 



*!n»^J l the r em0nt * and ^™2& fere 



So bueU^S.T n thAt m ; m ' M1 ' With *« Addition of 

 t*o bock* Th oes rear from 12 to 14 each in the 



snthJ »T r * ** ha * more th ™ "Ten at a time, I 

 ttthvr hi them, or put the surplus to another doe but 



rtjjtP j dorn tliey have so man/ With this nlr 



IT? i!? 1J eVCTy W **' "*"'*• o™ "»" «S then 

 fcrZJ?* ? toK - [ contract, and a F --- 



uiem away when from eight to nine weeks 



tune, thee wi«\* -v™* «C\ » T"z wee * 8 





instead of giving prizes to noblemen, gentlemen, and 

 farmers who take a pleasure in feeding animals for the 

 tallow-chandler, a place should be se*t apart for over- 

 stuffed quadrupeds, in order that those who like such 



(or as they call it Bullamonge). At one time it sold in 

 Dublin at 2s. per lb., but latterly the price has greatly 

 fallen away. It may now be bought, washed and dried, 

 on the west coast of Clare, at from Is. to Is. 6d. 

 per stone of 16 lbs." Your readers, who are, if 

 any there still be, anxious to inquire about this plant, 

 should bear in mind, that when Doctor Mackay speaks 

 of " one shilling to one shilling and sixpence a stone of 

 sixteen pounds f he was speaking of such things about 

 20 years ago, when Potatoes were plenty, and such 

 scenes of death from starvation did not occur, as you 

 must have read of, but which / saw on the other coasts 



..„ . . . ■ of Ireland, besides the coasts of Clare, outside the poor- 



gratihed, in the same manner that holiday houses of Scariff, Kilrush, Schull, Bantry, and Skib- 

 peoplo are amused with a Jack-pudding swallow!"" ! her^n wh<™ T.L„u „.♦ i « '• '»- - - 



b" whiU'X' 2: t,,e J ext ™ rdi ™ r y Perforata,*,: , -~ —j — « lcu xu.u ro wopk lor ^a. ,o ou. 



welhed do n w 5 , f < 1 1^ ^ *° *"**" brutes per d ^' ° f 12 hours ' w5thout meat or drink - ^nd poor 

 mm^imT ?nl ' 3 ,, " 0t enc . oura S e men to women and boys to carry this or any other sea weeds 



i animals, and rewani th^m no a n ™* **•:*■* ~c ^« *u^-. i i._ n . *a \* .« J ,, 



on their backs, 6 to 10 miles, at from Id. to 2d. 

 hundred weight of 112 lbs. " 



per 



thou 



cram animals, and reward tbem as a criterion of supe- 

 nor knowledge in farming. Any man with money can 

 produce grease, and show oxen, sheep, and pigs unable 



:Bold; atthis!fo°rrj 1 vweek7L^? t ff nCC - L IS? ■ e6n *P%» *«<* T "T ', «" De P«rci,ased at on the "coast of Clare, 



; the price is! ! &o Zea^ZfJ f SS T {ed * hand ' C<>rk ' KeiTy ' GaIwa ^' or Ma J -" Sllou,d a «y one desire 

 ' , l . "» . n S 1 UIU 'neapacitafcd, from obesitv. from PntJno. «.,* to niiT-^h«=« it „«„t — j„_1 t .._. _ J ■ j„. &. 



Judge, then, what now, or 



henceforward, may be the price at which « Carrigeen 

 Moss " can be purchased at on the " coast of Clare, 



from thelongSt d»y t'o le^Ww, :' u \S\gf ^ ^^^'"l^'S^T SS^T "^ ^l^ pUI " chaSe * y ^ waders, I say, can noV judge for 



•'-Ulfeedihorn V£?2LJ l ?£& a * Pwceedmg was adopted , themselves on this subject, without mv inflictini further 



«J«J. Mfol of Oats each ; th# secon-1, a fc^3?«3 

 lEZmrt- t r T™' ?' nh t0 W"& " r a tittle 



- ■nof, 1 ;:;\;" v ':r t : 't'^r^-^^ 



10 bushels «rrain«. which ,™..i,i .... 1. owed ^ 



KnflMT, th^ foo<J io vari.'.I 



■or me purpose ot bringing a certain breed into notice, 



rf ll7 C ? r a time ~ tni H was found the expense 

 of feeding such conrse animals did not pay. The object 



hV^i rT 1 '"? 1 S °r ty bein ? t0 im Pr°ve the brS 

 mg and feedmg of stock, I beg to point out the advan- 

 tage that would arise from giving prizes for the best 

 description of animals ready for tl.e l,„tcher the mS 

 -saleable and profitalde to' the owner and consumer 

 -a, ; ;, bHshel8 Swed ^ ^ Jg*yg* ™ * be attained by insisting 



would cost me about 1.5, ?„ o? Sie exh . ion Tf° U t hi ^ ^ Wed &t the «™ 

 * i I give them Vetch*. 2 ^LT n t° l l'. I{ , he manufacture of lard and 



pain on them ; such as I must ever feel myself when 

 such things as I have seen are stirred up in my memory, 

 no matter from -what quarter. Edward Carroll, B(9 

 Erin, Castlebridge, Wexford, Jan. 16. 



Farmers 



The 



gr«n Clover. Mrt ^ .» y cioyr ^^ £££ 



.Jemlnot ta, 



th«m grains (wnicli i tret fr orn thpT«fio. n^' ~~" ZZ2~\T~ mmm vmu f w fi 



>l . ii g Brewex 7» and cheapest animals. 



to nave 



bit of Hemlock, winch would kill them • 



The su 



• bwhel), and *i£r£* M*l 8 arewp, 7. ™<* cl 

 ■ rmhid ^ n ll!?J;:l ^i he 2r ™«*-i per lb. 



•carcely amounta 



-«t ;umbe7maket n n! J* 7 ^"^on. The pre- 



Inppmg can be proved lucrative according to £ W 

 value, let there be a few pens set apart, as tho e deVoied 

 to the interest of ,he grease and tallow-chandler T P 



Z anim »l9. Beef, mutton, and pork -it T , 



„ Clubs. 



Halesworth, Dec. 20 : The County Expenditure. 



tollowing resolutions were unanimously agreed to: 

 1. That we regard it as a settled maxim of the British 

 constitution, that taxation and representation should be 

 inseparable ; and that, with the exception of the county 

 rate, every tax to which an Englishman is liable, is made 

 with the consent either of him or his representative. 

 i. that, as a consequence of the rate-payers having no 

 i contr u o1 over 5t > the amount of money raised as county 

 rate has, within the last twelve years, enormously in- 





3. 



That 

 the 



weeK, ttd •Ithon gh I b uy other arifi,ll g P ° r corrcs P°nd P nt, in the Gardner* Chronicle ofX Ti «T* MS have fc een proved to have been, and to W 

 (gnano meJuded), f do not find anvthTn,^ it T™? 7*!?*** Cftr ^' D ' "• co ^ect. ThS ve 1, tl ^1 ^."T™* *' That if the ^ ^nds were con- 



crop^, aomcSwtiT^- 1 ^ / « " ™ ™*h» 



that 



dreiMd 



I 



have 



ahv 



.1V8 



found 



» -nnigh. befor^ throther r cS fOT t ,Uln ' 

 my rabb,ta warm in »;„»„. „L more> * 



aaSSL 1 ?^^^ - t re- 

 thrown abundantly on manj S's „f «h' £$?** h 



of its nutritive properties ?! ?l « l' et f r \ on r count 

 keep isinglass for JeSy I 8^2^ £? £%£% 



ge over the latter article for ZfZJZ! 



creased m this county, as well as in others. ~. 

 various insUnces of extravagant expenditure of -~ 

 oounty funds have been proved to have been, and to be 

 still ,n existence. 4. That if the said funds were con; 



duction is certainly not a Moss, but belong to tho'Au" 77Z '" T f uu,a e em «>« of county boards, compos 



rate-payers. 



That 



we are fully convinced their amount would, under fo» 

 j proved regulations introduced by men of business, be 

 very greatly reduced. 5. That the accounts of such 

 tun, s ought, at certain fixed times, to be audited and 

 pubhshed for the information and satisfaction of the 



of all 



steeming 



a delicate luxury 



the^ 







