GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 



mrite ' imt * eir 



where often for 

 ith soot and dust, 



PLANT DEPARTMENT. 



{rid* of *den* fmoky »tmc*pl r 



~««k* tAMtbtr the etow is covwd w 



^ .. w t fiP ^ , i ? *f .fcirh under the lest of circum- 



#xetu< me much li^ht, T wtiicn, unw ui« r>, anm&n 



«Lu»», we have little enough in winter. Mr. <^nuan 

 muctk, ww m» V. ft |ipd a \ in«- border. tii» 



hM new *■* "hat » cailea » » TWt etable 



omd naturally conAto of ft nch, dark, v ^» 



in wbi4 the \ 2™** w,th U,e . IF?* 16 "* 



SlSv^jM. Under each Ught are 

 two Vbm,with*oo rmB to 6 inches between the jo.nts, 

 SnSi SSmL Hcneverremovesanybarkuntd 



| r W my little then, for he is of opinion 

 " - ■ moisture is absorbed, 



He 



•posit, 



it I. . 



th»t by baring the old bftrk on 



and the live skin - kept in » more natural state. 



punts ftll hi- Viw» erery autumn with a mixture of 



Some of the plants which flowered in December will 

 now be commencing their growth, and preparations for 

 J^ting such should be mak A sufficient stock of all 

 Requisite materials should be prepared before-hand ; and 

 with regard to soils, this should be particularly attended 

 to It is in many places a difficult matter to get good 

 peat, but, without it, fine-rooted, hard-wooded plants 

 cannot be grown in 'perfection. If, therefore healthy 

 well-orown specimens of these kinds are objects worth 

 trying for, no trouble must be considered too great in 



procuring suitable soil. 



increases, the temperature of the greenhouses may be 

 slightly raised, particularly in fine clear weather ; but be 

 cautious not to excite stove plants, especially hard- 

 wooded ones, until the days are longer, as a much 



cultivation 



«y 



As the amount of day-light 



useful, but now fickle, root. The sets should be pW/!, 

 6 inches deep, and if a few handfuls of burnt clay 

 chaired refuse, be placed about them, the produce ^ 

 to ripen quicker and cleaner, without being deteriorate! 

 in quality or size. On a warm border make anotW 

 sowing of Radishes, and one of Early Horn CariJ 

 In very favourable localities, Onions, and an early S 

 of Parsley, may now be sown. The Leek is very hard* 

 and cannot be sown too early, as its excellency dep^ 1 

 upon this, and upon being transplanted as soon as tfe 

 plants are large enough, into a piece of rich, weW 

 pared ground. 



State of the Weather near London, for the week ending Feb. 6. lsi 

 as observed at the Horticultural Garden, Chiawick. h 



--.,,,.. , ft „ ftn .greater difference exists between the light of their 



newly-slacked bme, and soft soap, 6^ hab;tat ud of our cumate at this season, than 



much soot as makes the composition between the latter and tn at f the countries whence our 



enhouse plants are introduced ; hence, these last are 



liable to be inj ured by a temperature approaching 

 their own natural one, in conjunction with our own dull 



Stoves and the Orchid-house should not 



•ulphur, 



together with 



^ttaoL^wTfrim'it No inncts trouble him and 

 he haSW experienced the ill ett.-i-t.ot Vine mildew. 



vita is muen aw* ■*> i*~.~~« — ~ — r~ 



the colour of the old bark as to be scarcely 



llr t*Ttr cotw the Vine roots with any heating mate- 

 rial but using, as be docs, a lu-ge quantity of tan in the 

 ^roctartkoofMilrtsxd and < 'ran he covers over his 



In the earliest house the Vines 



Jan. 

 ana Feb. 



>rdttt with apeut tan . . . 



are planted against a wall, whose foundation is not more 

 Hum a foot deep, consequently, one-half the roots may 

 be expected to he on HIS outride of the wall, in land 

 belonging to another psnon. Therefore, no protection 



CouM h« applied h.-n% and y»-t tho Vim-* bsSV .satisfac- 

 torily. The nhoots i\w aln adjr all itopped, one joint 



bmnl the hum-he* of whM ftsii Is a beautiful 



lay. The V nes in this house are always sufficiently 



i. 



tllApt**j. -— - » 



fcxu riant, and differ in no prsp from those situated 



nd where the borders are covered 



o 



ill lli*? ***»ntre oj the gr 



with I tan every winter before forcing is commenced. 



fUquir ts Mr. Chapman <loss, so much tan for 



growing laUds in, h* generally Starts hi* Vines with 



the beat evolved »n the f* nmnUtion of new tan, which 

 4 laid m SM or two long ridges along the houses, or in 



the centre pit* wl I'mcs were nee grown. A 



natural and uniform break " is thus obtained, the heat 



Itn bersesed, and the Hms psgrass graduaO]r f aad 



on >ier these conditions, the fruit, *n in the worst of 

 season*, in gen rally well coloured, while many thousand 

 pots o Jtwbcrries, French Beans, &c, are produced 

 under the same roof. In the centre of one of the 



beassa 



a Black Hamburgh, nearly a month in 



*anceof it* neighbours, which were also black Ham- 



I urghs, and which were all started at the same time. It 



this early hahit i refore proves constant iie variety will 



b«> S8 leqpftNea. Mint, M:irj<»ram, BnaU, and TiaTagOD, 



fte., are grown largely here. A long span-roofed pit 

 was full of these herbs ; but Chicory, and that useful 

 ingredient in a Salad, Lamb Lettuce, were nowhere to 



be seen They have unfoi 



favourites with the London j 



atmosphere. . 



range hi-her than 55* to 58° at night ; forcing-house, 



60° ; greenhouse, 40° ; Heath-house, 36 to 40°. 

 Take care that no moisture falls on the flowers of 

 Orchids, or their beauty will soon be destroyed. If a 

 speedy development of the flowers of any species which 

 are now showing be desired, they may be removed into 

 the forcing-house. 



FLOWER-GARDEN AND SHRUBBERIES. 



If our previous suggestions have been carried out, the 

 whole of the beds in this department will now have had 

 their annual dressing, and everything in and about the 

 Hower-garden will be wearing a neat and orderly appear- 

 ance. The shrubberies should next claim our attention, 

 for, when well regulated, they possess a charm at all times ; 

 and here there is in every garden much that may be 

 done at this season. The shrubbery, as it is often seen, 

 is nothing more than a confused mass of sickly ill-looking 

 trees and shrubs striving for existence ; while, by allow- 

 ing each plant a sufficiency |of room, they would soon 

 wear a healthy appearance. If fine specimens are 

 desired, let every bush or tree stand distinct and free 

 from its neighbour ; spread out and peg down all bushes 

 that will admit of it, and prune, support, or remove 

 dead wood, according to their individual requirements. 

 In regulating the clumps, very fine specimens of different 

 shrubs will attract attention, either on account of the 

 symmetry of their form, or the peculiar beauty of their 

 general habit. The best of # these should either be ex- 

 posed to view, or removed and planted in appropriate 

 situations on the lawn, where they will show themselves 

 to the greatest advantage on all sides. While the regu- 

 lating of the shrubs is being carried on, let any bare 

 tunately not yet become spaces left for showy herbaceous plants be forked over, 

 mblie. Level turf where necessary, and put the edgings ol 



Friday.. 31 



Satur. .. 1 



Sunday . 2 



Monday 3 



Tuea. .. * 



Wed. .. 5 



Thura. . . 6 



* * 



m 



"a 



o 

 o 



S 



29 



l 



2 

 3 

 4 

 5 



Barombtir. 



Max. Min. 



TXXPIUATURB. 



Of the Air- 



Average 



29.289 

 29.470 



29.57» 

 29.567 

 29.939 

 29.794 

 30.143 



29.194 

 29.424 

 29.513 

 29.490 



29.793 



29.503 



29.772 



Max. 



45 



43 

 40 

 44 

 45 



49 

 46 



Min. Mean 



Of the Earth. 



1 foot 

 deep. 



2S 

 29 

 22 

 25 

 23 

 39 

 25 



36.5 

 36.0 

 31.0 

 34.i 

 34.0 

 44.0 

 35.5 



29.683 ' 29.527 44.5 I 27 3 35.9 



40 



41| 



40 



41.* 



39$ 



41$ 



39 



41 



38 i 



40* 



38 



40i 



40 



40* 



39.3 



2 feet 



deep. 



Wind.' 



41.0 



s.w. 



NJK. 



8. 



s.w. 



j 



i 

 a 



Jan. 

 Feb. 



31— Raia; sleet in very broad flakes at 8 a.m.; cloudy; rain. 



i— Orercast; fine: clear. 



2-Rain; hazy ; alight foj? at night. 



3— Frosty and foggy ; overcast; rain; cloudy. 



4— Ciear ; cloudy and fine ; clear and frosty. 



5— Densely overcant ; with drizzling rain; cloudy. 



6— Clear; low white clouds; fine; clear. 

 Mean timperature of the week 2 deg. below the average. 



State of the Weather at Chiswick during the last 25 years, to? the 



ensuing week, ending Feb. U, 1S51. 



Feb. 



Suuday 9 

 Mon. 10 

 Tues. 11 

 Wed. 13 

 Thura. 13 

 Friday 14 

 Satur. 15 





a. 



£ a 



322 

 31.4 

 31.2 

 30.3 



31.1 

 33.3 

 32.6 



No. of 

 Vears in 

 which it 



Rained. 



7 



9 



1- 



11 



10 



8 



11 



Greatest 

 Quantity 

 of Rain. 



0.30 in. 



0.52 



0.34 



0.23 



0.30 



0.50 



0.25 



Prevailing Win4 



2 

 5 



• s 2 <a > > ' 



3 I 

 4 



1 



2 

 2 



2 1- 

 3 2 



5 



Ml 



4" 



3 



1 2 115 8 



J 1 2 1:4 8|J 



2 2 2-U« 





The highest temperature during the above period occurred on the Ifc 

 1831— therm. 65 deg.; and the lowest on the 11th, 1845 —therm. 3 deg. bfc 



zero. 



Notices to Correspondents. 





Miscellaneous. 



Umt$d Statu Hornt;ul(ure.—The annual value of the 



product of Horticulture in this o unrry now amounts 



to naarly ftre miliioaa of dollars, while that of orchards 



probably excttda ten million*. But there is another and 



yet more pleasant aspect in which to view the commerce 



in plants. There is a value in a flower or fruit which 



cannot be estimated in money. It is found in that 



beauty which exceeds all price ; in those odours which 



breathe fragrance; and in that luscious and delicate 



taste which nothing but the products of the garden can 



ever yield. The heathen poets talked of the nectar 



handed round the tables of Olvmpus, and the golden 



Apples in the garden of the Hesperides ; but this only 



proved that they had never seen the Pippins, the 



Grapes, or the Roses of this western world. The poet 



who has seen the fruits in a modern garden, will never 



tiy his art In calling upon modern imagination for what 



Agnation cannot equal! The part of commerce 



which '« thus above fixed, and to which I now allude, is 



the trade in bcnquits, or culled flowers, as the ornament 



of dresa, or rooms. There is not a modern city in which 



the sale of flowers is not quite extensive. There is 



hardly a lady who does not wear them, and hardly % 



-entleraan who does not really or professedly pay 



omage to the refined taste, which has rhua associated 



the graces of her person with the loveliness of flowers ! 



The trade in this branch of Horticulture is rapidly 



increasing, and of all the fashions to which luxury has 



given rise, this is one of the most innocent and the most 



to be commended. 



walks in proper order, as by finishing every part as we 

 proceed, the work is carried on to much greater 

 advantage. 



HARDY FRUIT GARDEN. 



Few things are more annoying to a gardener, than to 

 ee all his Cherry-trees, and his Gooseberry or Currant 

 bushes, cleared of their buds by birds, as would be the 

 case annually in some gardens, if great diligence were 

 not used in destroying the bullfinches as fast as they 

 appear. It is impossible to paint over the branches of 

 tall trees with lime wash, in a similar way to the Goose- 

 berry and Currant bushes ; and however cruel it may 

 seem, we can recommend no other remedy than the gun. 

 A single pair of these birds will, in a few days, entirely 

 destroy the buds of a very large tree ; this will also show 

 that these enemies cannot be too strictly watched. 



KITCHEN GARDEN. 



Some early dwarf Peas should now be sown as soon 

 as possible in turf, and raised in heat, to be planted out 

 on a warm border as soon as they are about 3 inches 

 high, and have been gradually hardened. The most 

 economical way of doing this is to cut stripes of turf 4 

 or 5 inches wide, and lay them on boards with their 

 grassy side downwards ; a drill is then to be made 

 along the middle of the turves by pressing a strip of 

 wood into them ; and in this the seeds are to be sown, 

 and covered with a little light soil. The boards may be 

 placed under the trellis of a Peach-house, or in a similar 

 situation, where the night temperature does not exceed 

 50°. The best situation for hardening them is close to 

 a south wall, where they can be sheltered by niacin 





r. i^ . ' , , , — , ™ .««vvvh, MU tw uiwi » w-« ,»..„, w ^i C "ivy uau ue siieuerea oy piacin" a 



to be commended. In spite of all the artificiality of few Spruce or Yew branches in front of them, until, bv 



Ek n.h ' ifV 9 % m t W * m !ft M**i*i*i. ^ch P»*»l exposure, they become thoroughly inured to 



c*ila as back to the honm mH *>«•>,.»., «f ^-;™u: thonnon.i. ti -^ _i . , . ,"3 '.. . 



back to the bloom and beauty of primitive 

 ' Cincinnati Horticultural Review. 



alendar of Operations. 



(Far the ensuing week.) 



INEttAL REMARKS. 



Those houses wh^h have not already undergone a 

 thorough cleaning, sfib^M now be attended to ; and if 

 necewary, the inside of tnWshes and rafters should be 

 painted. Late \ meries wilfw be c j eared of their 



crop ; and in these, the cleansinfcw preserving pro- 

 cesses should be applied. The hotter pipeg ^ould 

 not be allowed to rust ; but should be thorWhiy cleaned 

 and then while slightly warmed have a cokw pa j nt ' 

 applied. The furnaces too should be attende 

 shattered and loose bricks about the frames of the ._ 

 nace doors cause too great a draught, and consequently 

 a waste of fuel. By putting all these matters in order 



once a year, much after expense will be saved ; and no ! ing of £*£»™ - - ' - ^ ,arger ' The P lant " 



the open air. The varieties best adapted for'this purpose 

 are the Prince Alberts and Bishop's Long-podded, of 

 which a sowing should also be made on an open sunny 

 border. Fairbeard's Champion of England, which is a 

 hne flavoured Pea, and an excellent cropper, may be 

 sown once a fortnight, from this time till the middle of 

 June. Sow ai so some more Broad Beang> Cardo 



Leeks, and Celery, require checking, as they are com- 

 mencing to run, in consequence \oi thejmildness of the 

 season. They should be taken carefully up and laid 

 among some light leaf-mould, or old tan, in the 

 shade of a north wall, where they must be w-U 

 moulded up as a protection in case of severe weather 



f'T uf nch ^ ound should now be Panted with 

 early Cabbage. The distance between the rows should 



0J8 or 20 inches, and the plants about 9 inches 

 m the row, so that every other may be pulled for 

 "' ^J™? tne rest to become larger. 



tune is more suitable for doing go. 



' T r„u* « 1 ' ^? toes should >>e no longer delayed. 



, Light soil, an opet^Otuation, and no manure, are the 



Amekican Blight : A. See p. 56 of the current volume. \ 

 Akums : A H. Arum tennifolium, italicum, and triphylk 

 will flower out of doors and thrive there, if put at the foot* 

 a south wall in a border dry in winter. Ar, arborescens* 

 Linnaeus is from the West Indies ; it was called a Caladin 

 by Ventenat, and has since been regarded as a M 



dendron. , , ., .. 



Books: C M T. There is no illustrated work upon tne pun 

 of all the tropical parts of the world ; nor can there be, k 

 you consider that at least 40,000 plants would have to 



illustrated. ■- 



Bobrs : Anon. The substances thus called are the hali-vifflu 



masses found in brick-kiln3 after they are burnt. They* 



very hard, and not at all liable to crumble. Largest* 



dross may do, but we never tried it. 

 Coffee: A B. It is a stove plant, and therefore can oniji 



cultivated in England under glass, and ia heat.J 

 Conifebs : J E. Juniperus Bedfordiana is a very doa» 



plant. It is otherwise called J. Gossainthanea, and an 



hardy near London. 

 Dodecatheon : A H t None are much worth growing enf 

 the two common kinds mentioned by you. D. integrifo» 

 in the gardens, is quite inferior. Some of the PaeonwjJ 

 well known Moutans ; but, upon the whole, the list is* 

 worth notice. As for 5a. for K. gaUica, why its utmost m 



is6<f. . . ^ 



E migration : E. We cannot undertake to point out couno» 

 for intending emigrants. It is much too serious a mam 

 In the absence of other information they must be guided \ 

 the books which have been published on the subject.!^ 



Garden Plans: A New Beginner, Study " Loudon's w\ 

 struction for Young Gardeners," and " James's Gardew* 

 if you can procure it. rt 



Heatino: CF Johns. One of Mr. Rivers' brick Arnott m 

 figured at p. 51, 1846, will perhaps answer your P ur P ol *vL 



Larch : W B. You may plant Larch in Ireland, at any «»" 



tion you please, t , ^ f 



Meteorologi: TSP. You shall have an answer ia a pw 



two. .,._— 



Names of Plants: M J. Polystichum angulare. S '~*®jZL 

 PJatyloma nexuosum. J. Sm. ; Adiantum ^P^S 

 Linn. S. — G H K. Saurauja villoma — G C B. A"T 

 not Arbutus ; Gladiolus not Gladiolus— B S. Acacia dw*» 

 — G P L. 1. Phalaris arundinacea ; 2. Poa aquatica. 



Notice : C J E. You cannot give less than a month a » 

 unless there is very strong cause for dissatisfaction. 

 is however legally sufficient under the circumstances. . 



Ob a che : R. Some of the London seedsmen can no 

 supply you with it.J . : 



Pine-apples : A D. Old turf and leaf-mould win sub »j 

 perfectly, provided the turf is light and fibry, and us* 



rough state. } 

 Potatoes, dec. : EN. We never recommend dealers. ^ 



Roses : Jack. They have not heat and light ettoa 8 n ' ^ | 

 the reason why they do not expand well, but exm 

 appearance you mention. J .jcifcfl* 



Rosewood: H F. The tree from which the rose wooa^ 

 merce is procured is a species of Trioptolomea, a J^r^ 

 genus. See Lindley's * Vegetable Kingdom," p. ^'^ 



Vine at Nettlecombe : O E. This subject does no. i*t 



further discussion. A*rtV 



Yew : Reader. Although "few things will flourish unaer, 



tree," you need not be at all apprehensive t h at br anc ^ * 

 used for the spring protection of wail trees will ^^j* 

 injurious influence on the forthcoming blossoms- ^ 

 however, have the effect of M drawing n them &B a 

 rendering them weak if applied too thickly. \ , ^ * 



Misc. : WD C. If your enquiry has not been a ; 1 ?!^ * 

 not been received. If you will kindly repeat i* \ 

 give it attention. * — Z Y X You cannot J** ^ 

 better than keep your Morello Cherry tree ^^V 

 during summer with clean water ; but to be e **^ c * :» cJ# 

 be applied with considerable force. That win keep ^ 

 —F. It ia not just of a master to insist upon ^m» ^ d ^ 

 procuring plants, and at the same time to rem ^g 

 their expense : such a demand is like desiring w» ^ ^ 

 to become either a beggar or a thief. As t € ^jf 

 matters we cannot give an opinion : in [^Jqnj&P 

 yourself to indistinctly, that we probably do no* *" 

 your meaning. 



