-.-•--. 



1 ( > •-> 



THE 



G A R D B vf,RS> CHRONICLE. 



[Feb. 



15 



tH«eou»hui*d n»OOtl*% 



M» or -hrub*, in aonjunctioa with the 

 I iofUMd iowo by the limpid ana 



3? 5* * g^ Q g «^v of colour ' w 



•ffoUtof 



the Mignonette ;ielded t tf. M. 



J/ow t 



:s ; « > ****** *22 



of importance, the entrance of air might be sum 

 well regulated by hand. Above the air-heating d^T 



ention of wn^l t^ i. ^ t ^ 1 ^ 



should be that tor the reception of wood to be 



V urn* Willow*,*——- - ^th* 



hpX ir~«m have «n*oy a time ««|ttf«l to ma the 



l**ofa Fairyland in *• bottOB of •*• 4«§pi. 



not wiih to fre h planting, which 



n-probaiioa. 1'crhaps then* rem irk* 



„ii n in town or suburban nrto; but 

 plaoM 



the 



town or 

 not 



aft* .—Many persons like an 



old tree cov 



ered 



<™d «tt8«Ulljr, are Oak t, w.lh U» tark •trW* 



true taste 



■Mrm 



apply »* 



great 



whoU^-V^ef thi* rebellion «|ainst 

 horticultural heresy. I mean the 

 »*ickior io"— Iwill not term it pUn ting- trees or 

 throbs, merely with regard to their height. Here all 

 ^^ moo" (a* emaaatin* from not only a proper 



k but a proper dlep iuon of forme) is lost sight 



Of To be surei wb« all is finished, it is new work, 

 and look* charming a* **/ Ud.ee and gentlemen who 

 have sMnt half iheir days behind the counter. And 

 indeed U so happen, that in doe time, by means of the 

 chspter of aoaWeoti, many a noble form bursts its 

 bewk •»* rosbe* fearlesely upwards ; at once a stand- 

 ing rebuke of the planter, and an illustration of the 

 fusflky of attempting to fetter entirely, either noble 



me or mii: . .. 



Oor greenhouse* are generally a pretty good mdi- 

 catio: ftheamouotof st>le the " stager " poeseaee*. 

 I do not say, by any means, an infallible indication, for 

 bore the picturesque is out of the question ; and more- 

 over the health and beauty of the plants individually 

 hare to be consider* l. The latter very frequently re 

 quire* that the plants be staged with a (rigid formality ; 



eh generally iceurs with soft- wooded plants, and is 



indeed a ^ration of light. 



When, however, we come to the conservatory style, 

 where we hive ample room, and have such materials 

 V, deal with as huge Camellias, Rhododendrons, 

 Arau«-arias t Acacias, the Eucalypti, with other ex- 



ferass, in huge boxes, we have here the means 

 out of vttfieh the meet br mtiful intricacy of outline may 

 b* created ; almost everything that can be done in * 



shrubbery may be done here, whether as to forms or 

 tints. 



A judicious planter will arrange his finest forms, his 



g r eate et height* f ultimately), and, indeed, all bis most 



significant n tsYtsis, first ; all the subsequent planting 

 OP filling up. become* subservient in a very great degree 

 to th es e . The finishing off the mere ground outline 

 i* a very simple affair, and need scarcely concern the 

 joint* previously alluded to. Yet here there is room 

 |*r s»tne esereis* «»f lotto, in the mere disposal of 

 forms, independent of floral beauty. Where the out- 

 line U boldly irregular, the most prominent points 

 should be composed of materials of a bold and promi- 

 ses* characf as they will long continue to maintain 

 the bold tnd *ns of which this elyte is capable. 



U the ground outline Is defined by that old and high- 

 starched deformity termed "a verge," why the village 

 tailor will r r.,bal>ly make as good a thin* of it as the 

 artist. A vrrge i* sometime^ indeed, a thing of neces- 

 sity ; those who are scant of territory (as some of our 

 wn gardeadte), in t needs have a green stripe. 1 

 confess, notwithstanding, that I pity the taste of the 



* acres, if he thus hedge in the beautiful 

 tarmsof the vegetable world. Rober: Errington, Oulton 



.Park, Xov. 19. 



Off, winch never last many real's. .^ ^.^^ 

 the root part of a good sized Larch, leaving the roots as 



long a* pebble, and turn thi* upside ^ ? ^^ 

 built of old bricks, Hints or rough stone ; the tiee need 

 not be put on the built trunk tiU the Ivy shall have 

 covered P the stonework, whilst the Ivy (pushed ifi«W 

 by bon lust and liquid manure) is covering the tmnk, 

 the Lurch root may be getting « mellowed » in tl^ shade 



Bv building the trunk any size can be given and any 

 ,r forms; is ioa< „ ^taWmg^ J ^ ^ ^ iom 



h ed : it *~r£te 



> „uemt. [We can hardly imagine anything in worse 



^MMam of t/te Season.- As remarkable instances of 

 the angular forwardness of vegetation in the Isle ot 

 Wight,! may mention having, on the 14th ol January, 

 been kindly presented with magnificent blooms ot a 

 scarlet Rhododendron, grown in the open air at r_ern- 

 hill in this island, the seat of Samuel Sanders, fcsq., 

 where fine Rhododendron blooms were also obtained on 

 he 13th of the preceding month. Referring to memo- 

 randa of a former year, I observe a note ot my having 

 been much struck with the singular beauty and freshness 

 of * bouquet of Rhododendron, grown in the open an?, 

 which was placed in the drawing-room of the above- 

 mentioned residence, on the 27th of April, 1849, while 

 the surrounding country was completely enveloped in 



snow. P. S., Newport, Me of Wight.— I sent in to the 

 Editor of the Cork Constitution newspaper 

 Potatoes, dug from one stalk out of several in my 

 garden, planted last August, and which were pronounced 

 by him u to be perfectly sound and healthy." I look 

 upon i rly sowing as the only safeguard from " the 

 fatal di ase ;" any one who had them planted in the 

 months of February, both in 1840 and 1850, had them 

 larger and much better eating than those sown later. — 

 All our fruit trees are showing their blossom too soon, 

 and t as forward as they ought to be at the end of 

 March of another year ; consequently they will be cut 

 off by the frosts, in the latter end of April and beginning 

 of May. I have had beautiful Broccoli and salads all 

 the winter, and " the British Queen" Strawberry has 

 been showing blossom in a way that must injure its 

 crop in due season. John B. Warren, Warren's Grove, 

 Crool wn 9 Ireland, Feb. 7. 



W ther at Pembroke. 



and having communication with the hot-air chambe^r 

 the passage upwards of heated air. It would be L 

 sirabie, if easily practicable, that spaces should be U 

 for the air between the several flooring boards - * 

 promote a general diffusion of it, but this is not [ 

 The seasoning chamber should, of cours 



essentia 

 >dit mi? 

 deals, &a, should be arranged perpendicularly in 



enough to contain the whole quantity of wood 



be wished to season at one time ; the boards, quartets 

 chamber, and so that no one piece should touch"anotU 



11 new 



Date. 



Theemometee. 



1850. 

 January .. 



February... ;53 



March ., '" 



SB 



if 



s 



51 



25 



3 g 



1 P 



2 



23 



21 



Is 



3 



• 5 



a - 



5 = 





Rain in Inches. 



37.0^1.8 



8-inch 

 Gauge. 



5-inch 

 Gauge. 



Home Correspondence. 



tfigmorxUt.— 1 have nice pots of Mi-nonette just 

 conn u. oto bloom, which were souti in Au-,ist last. I 

 sowed it in email pots, with the view of economising room 

 but where apace is no object, it gives less trouble, and 

 *utveed0 equally as weil sown at once in the pots in 

 which it is to Hower. I have wintered it in a shallow 

 frame, remo\ i ; the lights entirely in fine weather, so as 

 to give it as much air and light as possible. Many com- 



n* *n that they lose their Mignonette in winter • this I 

 eve, to be ng to their keeping it too damp/ I 

 gi 1 1 ly plants little or no water for about three months 

 during the dull season, and I take care to keep them free 

 from dnp, which isahnotf sure to kill what* >r plants it 



When I employ small pots, I am 



■ . . 



M - 



t • • 



April 

 May 



•fuoe 

 July 



August 



September 

 October .. 

 November 



December 

 Mean .. 



14.0 

 41.0 



49.5 

 47.7 



47.0 55.3 

 [51 6 ' 

 $2.5 



42 feet 

 G inches 



above 



ground. 

 1.9 38.3 2.083 

 4--\4 45.9 2.146 

 36.8 12.0 0.667 \ 

 Melted snow 014 ) 



0> 



in 



a 



58.6 



65.5 





43.6 49.4 

 45.0:51.8 





U 



62.5..»)6.8 55.3 

 57.0164 7 53.5 



50.4 

 45.2 

 461 

 41.5 



65.5 62.7 

 47.554. 3 



45.* 52.6 



42.5 48.9 



49.2 



55.7145.6 50.<; 



59.3 



61.0 



59.1 



3.5 

 4L.7 

 4: . 

 45.2 



3.261 

 1.586 

 0.755 

 1.H41 



2.260 

 2.800 

 1.552 

 3.516 



3.007 



5 feet 



6 inches 

 from 



ground. 

 1.964 

 1.414 

 0.813 \ 

 0.065J 

 3.070 

 1.515 

 0.661 

 0.797 

 1.843 

 2.839 

 1.639 

 3.178 

 2.795 



13 

 17 



11 



19 

 15 

 9 

 12 

 18 

 11 

 19 

 20 

 18 



excepting at the point of support, thus leaving a pag^2 

 for air between each of the several pieces. An ejyH? 

 air, charged with moisture, should be provided at £ 

 part of the chamber most distant from the entrance of 2 

 heated air from below. This exit aperture may be fony 

 as a chimney of some height, and surmounted 

 cowl turning with the wind, to favour the exit of he^i 

 air charged with water. In this way planks w» 

 seasoned at Belper in three weeks ; deals aud thin stf 

 in a much shorter time. It is evident that the seasons 

 chamber need not of necessity be immediately ai>ove2 

 heating chamber, since hot air might be conveyed fromi 

 latter by means of well-jacketed pipes through sev^ 

 stories. Some little experience would be requisite in% 

 use even of this simple apparatus ; a carpenter does 14 

 make a straight cut at the first attempt. The error moan 

 be guarded against is that of proceeding too rapidly ina* 

 drying process, since thereby cracking and splitting i 

 the wood might be expected, or that the interior of 

 might not be perfectly seasoned, though the oute! 

 were so. The great desideratum in seasoning wood 

 that the external parts should be kept open till. 

 moisture from the interior has been evaporated. H» 

 exact heat kept up at Belper, in the drying-chamber,k 

 not recollected, but to the feeling it did not exceed t& 

 temperature of a warm summer's day. 

 heat, would, however, require to be little varied accord- 

 ing to the kind of wood to be seasoned, and to its dif- 

 ferentiates during the process of desiccation. A few 

 pounds would pay the expense of the whole apparatus 

 Seasoning by steam would be more costly on a smal 

 scale, excepting where a proper boiler was in use k 

 other purposes ; but in the latter case the only addi- 

 tional expense to be incurred would be that of a recep- 

 tacle for B the wood to be seasoned, a pipe connecting 

 this ^receptacle with the boiler, a tap for turning 011 « 

 off steam, and a chimney with its cowl, and closable u 



The usual attendant on the steam apparata 



turnip 



steam on or off from the seasoning chamber. In m 

 mode no injury to the wood need be apprehended fit 

 frequent interruptions of the desiccating process, an 

 the seasoning chamber, being filled with vapour, t 

 external parts of the wood within it would be If 

 moist and open, supposing only that exit of the vapd 

 were prevented by shutting up the chimney. It w 

 scarcely be added that a longer time would be regni 

 for seasoning wood where interruptions of the 8te& 

 should have place, and that more or less according 

 their length and frequency, M . B. 



The degree d 



pleasure. 



for other purposes would be competent to the 



Summer. 

 June, July, Aug, 



— ^- y - - - — — -™ 



happen* to full on. 



not very pa dar about the soil being very rich, pro- 

 vided u m light ; but when 1 aow at once in the floweiin* 



poto I uae richer material, draining well and placing on 

 tba top of the crocks flaky pieces of decayed n»ur<>', for 

 the dotibli purpose 1 nourishing the plants when they 

 mr* oming into bloom, and i keeping the soil from 

 choking up the drainage. "" 



My autumn aown plant 



MEAN OF SEASOXS. 



WlIfTER. SPfilNG. 



i. e. Dec. Jan. Feb. ICarcb, April, May. 



1819. 1850. 1850. i 850 



*l-9 47.73 mjq 



Autumn. Yeas, 



Sept. Oct. Nov. Aa above. 



1850. 5o,tj 



51.83 

 Difference between Tlottest and Coldest Months ... 27.07 

 Difference between Summer and Winter ... ...1786 



Rain at Bowness, Windermere, 1850, 64.284 inches. " 



Wet Days, 213. 



— T. S. P , Pembroke Dockyard. 

 S< oning Timber. — 



year 



Your correspondent "J. F." 

 expressed a wish to be informed of the manner in which 



which were eliifted into larger p*Td^i7 rh«SZ? I « fS!?' °f W °ti "®* be P ractised economicaJly 

 w ;ii ii^-^ ft^J i. . , ~ r ■ po *..r H ? llt tnnelraaa, on a small scale. There seems no doubt but that it 



Entomological, Jan. 27.— G. R. Waterhouse, &♦, 



President, in the chair. This being the AanivWBJ 

 Meeting, the chairman delivered an address on tne ssw 

 and prospects of the Society, and on the general pro- 

 gress of the science at home and abroad, during the p»J 



Messrs. F. Smith, S. Stevens, E. Shephard, li 

 Wilkinson, were elected into the Council, in the room* 

 Messrs. Spence, Stephens, Parry, and Desvignes. Jj 

 J. O. Westwood was elected President ; Mr. W* 

 Treasurer ; Messrs. Douglas and Staunton, Secretary 

 and Mr. Janson, Curator, for the ensuing year, j* 

 usual votes of thanks to the retiring officers** 

 then passed. Feb. 3.— J, O. Westwood, Esq., P^^ 

 in the chair. The President returned thanks » 

 society for his election, and urged on the meID ^ 

 necessity of supporting the character of the S^% 

 Transactions and meetings, by the preparation tej 



may 



bo 



will Uo«om from tho present time till about Mav, and 

 Mother sowing now will succeed them, after which it 



had plentifully in the open ground, but last 

 year having had more plants than I wanted for the staee 

 of my gre«hooae, I picked out all the wont note 

 lopped the plants hack about this time, and thev 

 came in nicely for my window boxes in May, and 

 which I managed in the following manner. IhWin- 



publication of, monographs and memoirs on the 

 history and economy, the anatomy, internal and 

 ternal, and the natural relations of insects. Various^ 

 tions to the Society's library and museum were annotf* 

 including a very large collection of insects from »jr 

 in the East Indies, presented by Robert Grant JJj 

 of Elchies, N. B. Three new members were WJJ 

 lor, and elected, and several additional cejrtifc 



mnnnan , . -. . -• - r-7 — ^ r *v,^v*. The President nominated* 



means of a steaming apparatus where there may already W. W. Saunders, G. R. Waterhouse, and F. B* 



^^•T^ "by warm air,as at Belper, be vice-presidenk The PubhcSon ^ M^ 

 there would be required an air-heating chamber, ~ Jruuuuai u 



might be effected either by means of warm air, as prac- 

 tised long ago by the Messrs. Strutt, at Belper, or by 



Some Torn _Thumb Geraniums (any other dwarf showy 



I placed three of these in a box, oul ^«JTJS^ 

 one in the middle, and between th.m I introduced care. 



tJ*«* t . j- V 7 ^ ai v uuiei awart showy 



full/, so as not to break the ball, rav pota of Mum*. 

 pctte, filling U ie b 0X es up wiU, rich l^L'o^d ^ 

 mg w.th a good watenng, to settle tlie earth round the 



1 he after treatment cowaeted in keeping the 

 boxes watered always when tliey required it • for be it 



hails. 



Mignonette is ever allowed to fla 



, - „ , aud a 



seasoning-chamber above it. The air-chamber need 

 only be large enough to receive a stove,- and to afford 

 space for attendance upon it ; into this chamber air 

 should be adnntted through two pipes, each of them 

 large enough to allow passage for the requisite quantity 

 of air for seasoning the wood, as well as to supply the 

 fire ; these pipes should pass to the exterior at opposite 

 points of the compass, since it has heen found that when 

 air is ftdmi tted on only one side of a building, heated 

 air from within passes out when the wind is in the 

 opposite direction. These pipes should be furnished 

 withshdes or valves, so that the one opposite to the 



g u I wuid might be closed at pleasure. Such slides or valves 



aeiuoui succeeds so we aiterward-< nn.WtW...^. ' •, ~°' " ro """' ""•"">=. oucnsuuesoi 



« .» fe. were ^ U/ *& %£%, ^£ j S' £^£."£25.*! £0*0*? 



with a 



vane ; but where cheapness of the apparatus is an object 



Committees were also re-appointed. 



teristic full length portrait of the late Honorary 1 



membership read. 



F. 



and urf 



A highly cb*[ 

 A ?y Preside 



the Rev. W. Kirby, drawn" by W. Spence, jun** 

 and lithographed by R. J. Lane, Esq., A.BA k 

 presented by W. Spence, Esq. It is intended J* 

 inserted in the next Part of the Transactions, and ^ 

 were also upon the table for sale to the member* ( 

 S. Stevens exhibited two very interesting sp<^ 

 butterflies, collected at Shanghai, by Mr. R *°<t 

 one a new Thaumantis, and the other ihG „rZ\ 

 Telamon, a species known only by Donovan's ng»^ 

 the « Insects of China," and which now V roy %u^ 

 genencally from Papilio, and to approximate to 1^ 

 Ooritis. [M. iMotschulsky has informed the Fj^ 

 that some of the Coleoptera, received from > ^ 

 Fortune are identical with species described W 



