I 



120 



r 



HE GARDENERS 



CHRONICLE 



vfamtr .n 



2t rambling -rewth-, which in be 

 «*%*gtikble, *«<i perhaps when 



t w« action to repair the inju 

 plant. Another portion of 



Qloxtniaa, &C\, altouM. «0W b 



heat 



ad tht -ir 

 cut 



too late in 

 n ei by the 

 Gesncras, 

 and the 



knife or sharp trowel down into the 

 „™ a * tit* rows once or twice during 



F Tand a acro^ the TOW once or twice durin 



soil, 

 this 



kmm lot of Aciuwmm w,u be mdy for pot tog ofl. 



UftShrm be pot at onco into the «*> of pot n wh ch 

 they are to flower, » no plant suffei. M much fro m t 

 SZk. «d widen .torts produced by ^ng/requently 

 repotted. If thev are treats 1 w 



the plants will be propottK 

 mi when time are tilled with root- 

 lorallY arnrc at a Howenng state. . me op- 



of fwmentiv repotting these plants 

 rvo flower buds to be raetamorph'.s.-d 



recoramen 



iate to that of the 



le plants 



The 



In preparing 



: tt 



will 



ponte method 



ratire purposes when **>wn in » brisk bottom heat, * ith 

 a liberil supply of top heat, and a free admission of air, 

 as they make Sturdier, better nhapetl plants than when 

 grown in a close temperature ; besides which, they are 

 better enabled fa, «tdnre the cold currents of air m the 

 cooMrrfttory and othr places, where they are generally 

 placed when in flower. 



WORCISQ DEPARTMENT. 



w Vine h rs, pay particular 



formin: a good sound bottom, and making 



pt^rWon f thorough drainage ; His u'teat d. loratnm 



being to form a warm porous bed, which may serve as 



a tnediiMtt by which mutable Mtriment can be afforded 



lie roots. The soil •bonld consist principally of warm, 



sandy loam, in which the Vine makes fibres much more 

 fatly than in soil of a stiffer, or more unctuous quality. 

 The a uire of manure is of less importance, as any 



amount of richness can l added by means of top 

 ci ifsan«l liquid manure; bur if the loam If light 



and open to texture, a small quantity of sheep, deer, or 



cow-dung may be incorporated with it : bone-dust is 

 also a s3tabl© manure for soil of this description, and 

 is eaeaU'-ntly adapted for the ine, but should never b 

 ased with soil which is stiff and cold. Some lime 

 rub di and brie* cbtj ;a should be a led to render 



ihs border more ponm-*. Look close! n after Vines an<l 



Pea to nee that the fob e is not being injured or 



destroyed ; the former is liable to be attacked by a 



carefully sought 

 for at night, that being the time at which it commits its 

 depredations, Thrips and <;r y should be destroyed 



as SOOII as observed, by fumigating with tobacco. Figs, 



out this tine in a mild temperature of 45o t 



JM> a by Bight, with a rise of a few degrees by day, and 



not hurried by too much heat at any after period, will 



Stand a good chance of m ling well ; the rapidly in- 



"easiqglength of day, with brighter weather, giving them 



the advantage orer those earlier started. If the soil is 



So* their roots will he prevented from intrudiiig upon 

 h other, and- when required for planting out, they 

 S lift with nice balls of fibrous roots. The.r tops 

 also must be kept within bounds by timely and periodica* 

 .topping. It is true that one of these plants will occupy 

 more space under glass than two thumb pots ; but it is 

 no less certain that when the turning out season arrives, 

 one of the plants grown as recommended wil be worth 

 half a dozen of the miserable things which have been 

 starved in pots | besides which, the labour of watering is 

 materially lessened, an important matter during the busy 

 spring months. All kinds of plants intended for flower- 

 garden masses come earlier into flower, and make 

 greater progress if treated on this plan than when 

 tmed out of pots, in which they have been growing 

 »nv length of time. We recommend particular atten- 



- ' have practised it extensively for some 



14 - Pena. fog; h*zy; alulitfon; trosty. 

 15-F.igitjf; exceediu*ly floe; sharp froat. 



l$-Tro*'Ti clear and flue; more aevere frost than b„ „. 



thia aca-cro. ocean* 



. i^—Shirtifro.f.witb/oit: clear; cloud/, 



18-Clnudy; floe; overcaai. 



j 9_ Oenteljr clouded t brouxh on t. 



20 - Fine ; cloudy a< d »ery floe ; heavy rain at night. 



Mean temperature of the week i Aeg. abore the average. 



State of the Weather at Chiawick during the lust 25 years for H_ 



enauiiiR week, ending Ma ch 1, 185]. ' ™ 





.. 



Feb. and 

 M ai ch. 



Suuday 23 



Moa 24 



Tues. 25 



Wed. 26 



Thura. 27 



Pnday 28 



Saiur. I 



8* 



No. of 



V^ars in 



which it 



Rained. 

 9 



40.4 



410 



13 



39.0 



14 



409 



H 



41.6 



i 12 



419 



10 



41.6 



10 



Greatest 

 Quantify 



of Rain. 



The highest temperature during the above period occurred on the *m 

 1846— tnerm. 64 de*.; and the lowest on the 2=>th, 1&J7 —u>erm. 21 d<?jj, * tt 



drjr, let tufticient water be ^iven to m< n every part 

 ihoroughi/^Yoii ling rich Btiinulants, such as liquid manure 

 and fat top- tin ngs, which at th period tend more to 

 produce Btn.iu- growth than good fruit. Chkrries.— If 

 the early started Cherry trees are now in bloom, let a 

 drier atmosphere be kept up until the fruit is fairly set. 

 The tern peratare ahould I t exceed 50° by night, nor 



60 by with a constant admission of air, but 



fully avoiding mid current*. Very little air need be 

 left on during the night, as a circulation is kept up by 

 rery small openings, especially when the pipes or flues 

 are warm. Snuv kwufa— rlants put into the forcing 

 pit in tl*e end of I). ■» mber will now be in bloom ; and 

 a steady heat of 50* by night should be maintained, 

 with a rise of 5° or 10° during the d \ Air is indis- 

 pensable to the health of the plants and the setting of 

 the fruit ; and care shouM he taken to open everv light 

 • little, aceordirj^ to the state of the weather, in pre- 

 ference to giving an equal quantity of air by opening 

 only part of the lights. As soon as 5 or 6 fruit are set 

 in each pot, they should be removed to the Peach-house 

 or V inery-shelves, and placed close to the glass near the 

 rentilator. Some pans partly filled with rough grit or 

 sand should be placed under the pot, which will thus be 

 kept moist and cool during warm sunshine, while the 

 superfluous water which passes from the pots can easily 

 be emptied without the grit or sand going also. 



FLOWEtt.GAKDEW AND SHRUBBERIES 



The propagating of half-hardy plants for bedding pur- 

 poeee should now be going on with activity. The follow- 

 ing is the plan which we have adopted. About this 

 time the beds are prepared by filling up to within a few 

 inches of where the surface of the soil ought to be, with 

 leaves and hot dung, which have been previously well 

 fermented. The surface of the fermenting material 

 «hould consist of leaves alone, as they are less liable to 

 give off noxious exhalations ; and, as an additional pre- 

 caution, an inch of sand or coal-ashes may be laid over 

 them. On this we lay 8 inches of light soil, and upon 

 it 1 inch of sand, into which the cuttings are inserted. 

 To assist in sustaining a strong bottom-heat, we have a 

 hot-water pipe passing beneath the bed, which we make 

 of when there are any symptoms of the heat de- 

 clining. The cuttings strike in this way very quickly • 

 and after being fairly rooted, are taken up with balls of 

 earth, and transplanted into cooler quarters, in frames 

 of prepared soil. Much time is saved by this means, as 

 the labour attending the draining and filling of pots is 

 all avoided The soil should not exceed 4 or 5 inches 

 in depth, and should consist of one- third loam, one- 

 third decomposed leaf-mould, and one-third sand) and 

 may rest on a bed of coal-ashes. The voung stuff 

 should l>e set in rows from 4 to 6 inches apart 

 according to the habit of the plant, and the length of 

 time which will intervene before they are planted out. 



tion to this, as we a.-.- r . 



years, and have found it to answer extremely well. 



HARDY FRUIT GARDEN. 



To guard against the effects of late spring frosts, we 

 again urge the necessity of affording artificial protection 

 to the blossoms of our choice fruit trees, not on the 

 walls only, but on those in the open ground also ; this 

 will be particularly required in damp low situations, 

 where the slightest frosts do considerable damage. As a 

 matter of course, gardeners will make use of canvas and 

 netting as far as they will go ; but as few have sufficient 

 of these to protect all their trees, they will find the fan- 

 shaped branches of Spruce or Yew a tolerable substitute. 

 I jy applying these covering materials early in the season, 

 the slight shade they afford prevents the untimely ex- 

 citement which is the result of unseasonably warm 

 weather during spring. The moderate sized espalier 

 pyramidal Pear trees, which have a sufficient quantity 

 of flower-buds to make it worth the trouble, maybe 

 protected by rearing a few small poles over them, tent 

 fashion, and thinly covering them with branches of 

 evergreens, which thus form an excellent shelter. Our 

 success in protecting pyramidal Pears, and other fruit 

 trees on trellises, induces us to press the necessity of 

 protecting as many of these tender kinds of fruit trees 

 as possible. It is satisfactory when our efforts are 

 crowned with success; and should we fail, after doing 

 all in our power, we are at any rate better satisfied 

 than if we had not taken any precautions. 



KITCHEN GARDEN. 



As soon as the ground is sufficiently dry to allow of 

 the surface being pulverised, the main crop of Onions 

 should be sown. The piece of ground selected for this 

 crop should be well drained, and sufficiently rich to 

 prevent the bulbs being too small ; but, at the same 

 time, the opposite extreme must be avoided, or the 

 produce will be watery, thick-necked, and less likely to 

 keep well during winter. Early sowing of this vegetable 

 is essential, in order to get the bulbs matured and 

 housed before the short sunless days of October. A 

 second crop of Early Horn Carrots may now be sown, 

 but the main crop usually suffers less from the maggots 

 when sown in April, or even in May, than those which 

 are sown earlier ; and although the roots of late sown 

 ones are somewhat smaller, their good quality generally 

 makes them more profitable. An early crop of Stone 

 Turnips should now be sown, and Asparagus seeds on 

 the beds formerly prepared. Regular sowings of spring 

 salads should be made in frames and warm borders. In 

 planting out Cabbages, if you have more than enough for 

 the regular crops, the rows may be planted only half the 

 usual distance asunder, and the alternate rows drawn 

 and used as Coleworts when about half-grown. A sowing 

 of one of the larger Cabbages should now be made 

 in a frame, and also some Cauliflowers for the earliest 

 spring sown crop, with some more under a warm wall 

 to succeed them. A sowing of Celery should also be 

 made on a moderate hot-bed ; it should be sown very 

 thinly, that the plants may not require pricking out so 

 soon; and that, when pricking out is necessary, they may 

 be moved with more soil to their roots. It is especially 

 necessary to grow the earliest crop with as few checks 

 as possible, to prevent its running to seed. A succes- 

 sional sowing of round Spinach should be made this 

 week. Garlics and Shallots should now be planted on 

 dry ground, if it were not done in November as already 

 recommended ; they should be planted 6 inches asunder 

 on the surface of the soil, with merely sufficient fastening 

 to keep the bulbs steady. Autumn sown Tripoli Onions 

 should now be transplanted, 6 inches apart, in rich soil 

 for Midsummer use ; they should be secured in their 

 places by closing the soil about the roots, not about the 

 bulbs, the bases of which should always rest upon the 

 surface of the soil. The small button Onions, which 



were saved last autumn, should also be transplanted in 

 the same manner ; if the ground is good, without beins 

 over rich, these will make fine specimens by autumn 



State of the Weather near London, for the week ending Feb "0 ISsj 



as ooserred at the Horticultural Qanl«.. PhuLui?' m0 ' im > 



orticultural Garden, Cimwick.' 



Feb. 



c 



8 



Bi.S01fS7KK, 



TaairaaATuma. 



Of the Air 



Friday.. H 13 

 Satur. ,. 15 14 

 Sunday . 16 O 

 Monday i; Ifi 

 Ijiea. .. is i; 



Wed. .. 18 l-s 

 Thura... 90 19 



Max. 



30.235 

 30.:io£ 

 30.261 



30.112 

 30.015 

 29.911 

 29.753 



Mio. Max. 





80.170 



30.270 

 30.1 66 

 30.' 6! 



29.965 

 29.-31 



.714 



I 



46 

 48 

 45 



47 



57 



54 



53 



Min. ! Mear 





OnheEarth j Wind 



I foot '2 fee* 

 deep. deep. 



27 

 IS 



17 

 94 



47 

 42 



35 



36.5 

 33.0 

 314) 



40.. 



52 

 4S.0 

 44.0 



40 



40 



88 

 41 

 42 



Ateraf* 



• « • 



90.002 30.025 



41 



41 

 41 



40 

 39| 

 40 

 4l| 



E. 



S. 



8.E. 



s.w. 



s.w, 

 s w. 



s.w. 



4 ■ 40.7 I 39 5 I 40^ 



X0 

 .00 

 00 

 00 

 00 

 .00 

 .26 



0M 



Notices to Correspondents. 



To Corbespowdents. The Editor trusts that his ill nes8 ^ 

 excuse him for not having answered everyone this week, m 



usual. __ _ ._ 



Apple Trees : Amateur. We should prefer tyin& bundles of 

 ** Quick" or straw ropes round their sterns to s wearing th«m 

 with tar or grease, with a view to preveut rabbits audharei 

 from barking them. The other will do no harm, unless the 

 plants are very young.f 



Books: J H E. Loudon s " Encyclopaedia of Gardening » m 

 be obtained in monthly parts. We never recommend dealeri 

 or give prices.} 



Cocumbees J Ignoramus. Cathill's Black Spine. % 



Datora cebatocatjlon : Marianne. If the seed is good yon 

 cannot fail to raise this witn bottom heat, and the treatment 

 given to the commonest tender annual. St. Bruno'a Lily i| 

 har^y. Give jour Roses plenty of manure ; they seem to be 

 starved. We presume that you mean the Azalea nudifiora. 

 all the North American Azaleas are hardy. ' 



Fruit Trees : O D. Although the Apricot succeeds on the 

 Plum stock, it is doubtful whether the Apricot will prove 

 hardy enough, if employed as a stock for the Plum. You 

 may try the Greengage upon it.y —Ha Uette. Six Pears to bt 

 trained as espaliers: Marie Louise, Pa&se Colmar, Gloat 

 Morceau, Knight's Monarch, Thompson's, Beurre Ranee. 

 Six Apples for the same mode of training : Blenheim Pippio, 

 Gulden Reinette, Court of Wick, Ribston Pippin, Old Non. 

 pareil, and Scarlet Nonpareil.il— It K J. The following fc % 

 list of Standard Cherries suitable for marketing, to come in 

 succession: Werder's Early Heart (a few), May Dake, 

 Knight's Early Black, Elton, Bigarreau, Bigarreau Kapo- 

 leon, Florence, Kentish or Flemish, Late Duke, Morello.h 

 ETC. Taking into consideration the kinds of trees yon 

 have already planted against your south wall, we should re. 

 commend the following for your 55 yards of south-east 

 aspect :— Harrington Peach, Imperatrice Nectarine, Moor. 

 park Apricot ; May Duke, Knight's Early Black, and Bitot 

 Cherries; two Green-gage, Purple-ga^, and Coe's Golden 

 Drop Plums ; Marie Louise, two Glout Morceau, Winter 

 Nelis, Easter Beurre, and Beurre Ranee Pears. We ahoold I 

 recommend you to have studs instead of wire for training.;- , 

 A M G. For a greenhouse where no fire is kept, excepting to 

 exclude frost, you cannot do better than plant four Black 

 Hamburgh and three Royal Muscadine. II 

 Greenhouses : A M. Iron is so far batter than wood that it Is 

 more durable, and much lighter ; but it is dtarer. PlanH 

 thrive under iron as well as under glass, in the hand* of i 

 gardener who knows his business; but we should doubttba 

 propriety of using so costly a material for a purpose like that 

 which you descibe. A common plant shed, low, and with I 

 glass roof made of rough steam-cut sash-bars, is quite 



sufficient. 

 Guano: Sub. It suits everything for which manures are usefci; 

 but unless the ground is very poor, it is safest not to useaif 



manure for Potatoes .J 

 Lime Trees : X Y. They are usually propagated by layers.? 



Melons : Ignoramus. The Beech wood. £ ^ 



Mo>s on Trees: Z A.— The best remedy is to scrape m 

 roughest of the moss from the trees, and then wash tfl«j 

 with a mixture of soap-suds, quick-lime, wood-ashes, ami 

 cow-dung ; the root of the evil is bad drainage.J ^* 



Names of Plants : T W. Peziza coccinea— M L. Lastftt 

 spinulosa, fertile and barren. &— J U. P^er s aquilina, I 

 This is the form it assumes in the stove. S.—H.d. Not* 

 Jussinia, but a new Diospyros (D. amplexicaidU). We mw 

 it in our herbarium from the Isle of France. — B%* Eu- 

 phorbia nereifolU — R E. After a long examination, we* 

 main uncertain as to the genus of this plant. Its W& 

 masses are gone, and they are essential to the identification 

 of doub'ful Maxiliarids.— T D H. Lajlia erubehceus. 



Peach Trees: JHJM. You are, no doubt, corrtctmatmj 

 buting the dropping of the buds to the borders being W 

 too dry. You will find an article on forcing Peach* 11 

 another column of to-day'a Paper.f t » 



Pelargonium Leaves : CO. They are affected bythe'W 

 a disease which is believed to be caused by cold and damp* 



Rain Watejl : J L It is practically a uuiform composition W 

 variation in this respect is owing to accidental °** 

 stances, t . 



Rhododendrons : 3 M. It is the fault of such Rb°dod«^JI 

 that they bloom out of doors in winter ; for, in 

 weather, their flowers are always cut off by frost.J . 



Ripening Wood: J L. The best and most economical m* 3 * 

 aiding the setting of blossoms and ripening of w0 ° d v ^ 

 climates or places, is— 1, by thoroughly draining the Dow 

 and taking care that it is formed of light material*, *% 

 absorb ah the heat that is produced by summer sum,/j 

 by laying wood in tbin ; 3, by protecting the blossoms/ 

 canvas or woollen screens, or by Spruce Fir or Bir0Q # 

 interwoven among the branches. Air, sun, and dratnag -^ 

 all in all. If bowever circumstances are so bad that* "i^ 

 and drainage enough cannot be secured, then you baa 



haveflued walls. . -*hi 



during *■■ 



«vere 



Sweethbiar: SMJ. Make the fence at any time w----^ 

 planting season. Set the plants alternately in a doU ?*l itt * 

 a short distance, say 2 feet, apart ; then when they dck 

 be shabby, cut down one row and leave the other, 

 wards reverse the operation. This is necessary W ^ 

 quence of the shabbiness of Sweetbriar hedges. * 

 Laurel cuttings under hand-glasses in April or Au ^ 8 9rtZI j* 



Vebbenas, &c. : Gardener. 70 a or 80* are much too war 

 them. ; 40° are ample.i . . -oott 



Vines : Old Sub. It will not injure them to cover their 

 with a temporary framework, provided the border m ^ 

 they grow can be watered when it requires it- 

 better not pave with bricks. J , it h aflJ 



Water Bdtt: Geo F Harris. We are unacquamted ™ ^ 



means of removing the green Conferva which "»** fp 

 water, without injuring the quality of the water . it j , aJ fl 'wat^ 

 most likely way would be to supply the tank with r " ,** 

 instead of the lime-water which you now receive- * ^ 

 of the Conferva come with the water that P* sge " otf to* 

 your iron pipea. If you can do what we advise, emi ^ 

 tank and pitch the inside, if of wood ; or gi*e " a * w 

 of cement, if of stone or brickwork. 





