



THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 



H>1 





MATl K\ OK\SS SEEDS, ?o* 'KKM^wi rA3itivMi 



* ATl AND IKKIOATBD - OR CATCH MEADOW. 



Which ro»f be had <*>i>*r*te t or Mixed, e*pres«ly to suit the seal. 



MESSRS. JOHN SUTTON and SONS having for 

 mint jean paid especial attention to the ezaminati n of 

 Natural Pastures, and the collecting of various kind* of Grasses 

 which ffrownamnll} in the various ? oils of England and Wale*, 

 for the purpose of introducing an improved system of laving 

 down land to permanent pasture, are taereoy enabled to supply 

 the sorts and quantity of Seeds best adapted to suit the soil for 

 fthich they are Intended ; and at much lets expense than is 

 amaily incurr «d. , 



John Sitto* and Sons are also extensive growers of 

 Turnip, Carrot, Mangold Wurzel, and other Agricultural 

 Seeds, which they sell at lowest market prices, carriage 

 free, and which they can warrant new and true. 



Any particulars required respecting Grasses or other Seeds, 

 wUl be promptly given to applications addressed to John Sutton 

 and Sons, Seed Growers, Heading, Berks. 



T _ RUE DRUMHEADS for CATTLE, also EARLY 

 BATTER^EA, the large Imperial. Early Vanack, <fcc, 

 at THOMAS WELLANUS, Surrey Gardens, near Godalming, 

 Surrey, packed and delivered at the Godalruing' Station, 3*. &i. 

 par lOOO ; the large Asiatic Cauliflower Plants, 3s. per 100. 



— ■ im ^ m ,_ _ - | ■ I, - ■ ^m _..^^m-— 



GLASS FOR CONSERVATORIES! 



JAMES PHILLIPS and Co. have the pleasure to 

 hand their New List of Prices of GLASS for cash. 



SHEET SQUARES. 



In boxes of 100 feet. £. *. d. 

 Under 6 by 4 S 6 



6 by 4 and6j by 4} ... 13 



7 by 5 and 1\ by 51 ... 15 



8 by 6 and 8} by 6$ ... 17 6 



9 by 7 and 10 by 8 ... 1 



Warranted of British manufacture, and 16 ounces to the 



foot. Superior in every respect to Foreign, both in substance 

 and quality. 



Packed in Crates of about 250 feet each, and in sizes of about 



40 in. by S0 V at 2|d. per foot. 



HARTLEY'S PATENT ROUGH PLATE, 



packed in boxes of 50 feet each 



CUT TO SIZE. 

 1C ox. from 2d, to 3$d. per toot. 

 21 os. „ 8$d. 5d. 

 36 ox. ,, S^d. 7 ^d. 

 83 ox. „ id. 9Jd. 





6 by 4 and 6} by" 4. J 

 by 5 „ 7| b> 5* 



• . a 



12*. 0<J. 

 13 6 



8 by 6 and 84 by fij 



9 by 7 , f 10 by 8 



- - - 



155. Od. 

 16 6 



MILK PANS, from 2/. to 6s. each; METAL HAND- 

 FRAMES, Glass Tiles and Slates Propagating and Bee 

 Glasses from 2d. each ; Grape Glasses; Cucumber Tubes, Id. 

 per inch ; Peach Glasses, Wasp Traps, Pastry Slabs, Hyacinth 

 Glasses and Dishes, Fish Globes, Plate and Window Glass, 

 Lamp Shades. Lactometers for trying the quality of Milk, 

 4 tubes, 6$.; 6 tubes, 3*. 6d. GLASS S tiADES.— Estimates 

 and List of Prices forwarded on application 



TO THEIR WAREHOUSE, 116, BISHOPSGATE-STREET 



WITHOUT, LONDON. 



4|bj3 

 4£ by 3 



44 by 34 



« • • 



■ • • 



• • * 



GLASS FOR PIT FRAMES, HOTHOUSES, &c, 

 in Boxes of 100 feet, 8*. (yd. each. 

 5 by 24 ... 6 by 24 ... 6 by 3A inches. 

 5 by 3 ... 6 by 3 ... 6J by 3 

 5J by 3 ... 64 by 3 ... 6* by 34 



Larger Squares increase in price according to size. Every 

 slxe kept ready packed in boxes, and may be had at a moment's 

 notice. 



^Extra Crown, Sheet, and Patent Rough Plate Glass, cut to 

 size for Conservatories, Greenhouses, &c. 



Gardeners and others glazing on Mr. Paxton's plan can be 

 •upplied with Sash-bars of any length for the purpose. 



PROPAGATING, CUCUMBERS, FERN, PEACH, and 

 every description of Garden Glasses. 



Bailiffs, Farmers, Dairymen, and others supplied with Lord 

 Camoy's Milk Syphons, Milk Lactometers, Glass Milk Pans, 

 Glass Tiles, Slates, &c, <fcc, for collections of which Messrs. 

 Coqan and Co. were honoured with the Silver Medal of the 

 Dublin Society, as also the Silver Medal of the Liverpool and 

 .Manchester Society held at Warrington in September last. 



*or Estimates, Prices, and further particulars, please address 

 Messrs. Coqan and Co., 48, Leicester. square, London. 



Glasc Shades, Gas Glasses, White Lead, Colours, &c, as 

 usual. ■ 





GLASS FOR CONSERVATORIES, <fcc. 



TTETLEY i.\o Co. supply 16-oz. Sheet Glass of 



- 1 --*- British Manufacture, at prices varying from 2d. to 2d. 

 per square foot, for *he usual sizes required, many thousand 

 feet of which are key" ready packed for immediate delivery. 

 Lists of Prices and e& i mates forwarded on application for 

 PATENT ROUGH PLAT. THICK CROWN GLASS, GLASS 

 TILES and SLATES, W \TER.PIPES, PROPAGATING 

 GLASSES, GLASS MILK Pa.N3, PATENT PLATE-GLASS 

 ORNAMENTAL WINDOW <KASS, and GLASS SHADES 

 to Jamzs Hetlet and Co., 85, Son* square, London. 



See the Gardener*' Chronicle first S^urd ay in each month. 



FARMS AT STANTON FITZWA.IREN, NEAR 



HIGHWORTH, WILTS. 

 And within about four miles of the Swindon and Shrivenham 



Stations, on the Line of the Great Western Railway. 



TO BE LET BY TENDER, from MICHAELMAS. 

 1851, 



PARSONAGE FARM, comprising a Farm-house and requi- 

 site Outbuildings, with 



A. B. *. 



183 1 19 of Arable Land, and 

 38 1 12 of Meadow, Pasture, and Homestead. 



Total 221 2 31 





L 



AKER'S FARM, comprising a Farm-house and requ 

 Outbuildings, with 



A. B. *, 



225 3 32 of Arable Land, and 

 75 28 of Meadow, Pasture, and Homestead. 



Total 301 20 



^HUNTER'S FARM, with a Farm-house and Outbuild! 



W t ST of Arable Land, and 



53 1 29 of Meadow, Pasture, and Homestead. 



Total 104 26 



arm 



— - — » * ■ 



IB 3 10 of Arable, and 



57 3 3 * of Meadow, Pasture, and Homestead. 



Total 76 3 



Su«f^! e « the Farm ^ an<! fOT further particulars, apply at 

 sent ^?° Use i near Hfchwortb, Wilts. Sealed Tenders to be 

 SK. * ddre * i «? *° ** Re*. J. A. Teehchabd, at the fame 

 P^ce on or before th# 25th March neat, 

 * ebruarj 22. 



FLAX AND FLAX COTTON. 



FARMERS, .Manufacturers, Unions, and Parishes, 

 desirous of taking Licenses tor preparing Flax on tbe 

 ! economical and expeditious process of Chevalier Clacmen, 



may now apply to Mr. J. S. Cubistophee, 26, Gresham-street, 



London. 



RTIFICIAL MANURES. — PRIVATE IN~- 



STRUCTIONS in Chemical Analysis and the most ap- 

 proved methods of making Artificial Manures are given by 

 J. C. Ne*bit, F.C.S.. F.G.S., at the Laboratories, Scientific 

 School, 38, Kennington-lane, London. 



Analyses of Soils, Manures, Minerals, &c, performed as 

 usual, on m oderate terms. 



GUANO AND OTHER MANURES.— Peruvian 

 Guano of the finest quality ; Superphosphate of Lime ; 

 Gypsum; Salt; Nitrate of Soda; Moffat's Patent Concentrated 

 City Sewasre Manure, and ail others of known value. — Apply to 

 Mabe Fqthebgill, 204, Upper Thames-street, London. 



MANURES. — The following Manures are manu- 

 factured at Mr. Lawes's Factory, Deptford Creek : 



Clover Manure, per ton £11 



Turnip Manure, do. ... 7 



Superphosphate of Lime 7 



Sulphuric Acid and Coprolites 5 



OflBce, 69, King William-street, City, London. 

 N.B. Peruvian Guano, guaranteed to contain 16 per cent, of 

 Ammonia, 91. 10s, per ton ; and for 5 tons or more, 92. 5s. per 

 ton in dock. Sulphate of Am monia, & c. £ 



rpHE~I^ T DON"MrANURE — COMPANY beg to 



-L offer, as under, CORN MANURE, most valuable for 

 spring dressing — Concentrated Urate, Superphosphate of Lime, 

 Nitrate of Soda, Sulphate of Ammonia, Fishery and Agricul- 

 tural Salts, Gypsum, Fos»U Bones, Sulphuric Acid, and every 

 other Artificial Manure ; also a constant supply of English 

 and Foreign Linseed-cake. Peruvian Guano, guaranteed the 

 genuine importation of Messrs. A. Gibbs and Sons, 91. 10*. per 

 ton, or 9/. 5*. in quantities of 5 tons and upwards. 



Edwabd Pubseb, Secretary. 

 40, Bridge-street, Blackfriars, London. 



ESSRS. NESBIT'S CH EMICAL AND AGRI- 



CULTURAL SCHOOL, 38, Kennington-lane, London.- 

 A sound practical knowledge of Analytical and Agricultural 

 Chemistry, Geology, Surveying, Levelling, Railway Engineer- 

 ing, &c, may be obtained iu Messrs. Nesbit'b Academy, in 

 addition to a good modern education. 



Mr. Nesbit's works on Arithmetic, Mensuration, Gauging, 

 Land Surveying, English Parsing, <fcc, are published by Long- 

 maw and Co., a nd may be had of all Bo ok sellers. 



THE COmCAL - BOILERS - INVENTED^ BY 



JOHN ROGERS, E*q., are supplied and fixed by John 

 Shewen, ironmonger, Sevenoaks. Also all kinds of Hot Water 

 Apparatus. For Churches and Public Buildings, Mr. Shewen 

 should be consulted, his Warm Air Apparatus being safer, 

 more efficient, and more durable than any other. 





arite Agricultural ©ajette. 



SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 22, 1851. 



MEETINGS FOK THE TWO FOLLOWING WEEKS. 



WtDNiiDiT, Feb. 26— Agricultural Society of Englaud. 

 Thursday. — 27— Ajrricu tural Imp. Soc. of Ireland. 

 Wedh b*day, March 5 - Agricultural Society of Kneland. 

 Thumsd at, — 6 — Agricultural Imp. Soc. of Ire. and. 



U 



To MAKE TWO BLADES OF GRASS GROW WHERE 



one only grew befohe," has long been a favourite 

 problem in England ; and as Mr. Mechi lately ob- 

 served in our columns, u To raise 120 acres of good 

 Swede Turnips and Mangold Wurzel on an adh 

 clay soil which never produced them before, is quite 

 a triumph." There are three points noticed by 

 Mr. Mechi as involved in the successful issue of this 



the drainage of the soil, its aeration, and 



it. The 



problem— 



the rotting of vegetable matter within 



The removal 



required to loosen the whole of the soil, the Turnip 

 trowing on the undug .sward the first year like a 

 Potato on the lazy-bed of an Irishman's conacre. 

 It is only when the lazy-bed, as an Irishman would 

 call it, or the terrace of Mr. Mechi is reversed the 

 second year, and the whole of the soil loosened, that 

 Lord FosraftouB , fl system is completed. 



In Ireland the soil drained and trenched by the 

 Duke of Manchester was of three kinds, clay, 

 gravelly clay, and a gravelly soil without clay, the 

 latter two being full of stones, but fertile when 

 relieved of water, and the whole incumbent on the 

 shale and rock of the greywacke formation. Pre- 

 viously it was under different management, part 

 being under Grass, part young wood, and part under 

 the plough. The Grass was worthless, the young 

 trees were choked with weeds, and the whole 

 drowned in water. Draining and trenching pre- 

 ceded a fallow crop, doing away with the neces- 

 sity of ploughings and cross ploughings, a double 

 stroke of the harrows being all that was necessary 

 prior to putting in the seed over the rotting turf 

 below. Tne Turnip seed, a hybrid yellow, was 

 sown on artificial manures of different kinds, but 

 principally on bones along with a few ashes to start 

 the plants, and the result was about 20 tons of 

 bulbs per acre from the heavy clay, and 30 tons 

 from the best gravelly Turnip soil. The trenching 

 was done by task-work, and cost 3/. 4s. per acre, 

 exclusive of 4d. for every ton of stones the labourer 

 threw to the surface. The stones were measured in 

 the drains, the quantity required to fill a perch, 

 when broken, having been previously weighed, to 

 satisfy parties. The lands subject to cultivation 

 had little vegetable matter in them to rot, and 

 after being drained and trenched were manured 

 from the farm-yard, and cropped with Potatoes 

 in drills, part being limed and part not. The 

 difference of crop in favour of liming deserves 

 special consideration, for the lands limed yielded 

 17 tons of Cups per Irish acre, while thoae 

 not limed only yielded 10. The lands were in 

 separate fields, but almost adjoining each other ; and 

 although the former were a degree better than the 

 latter, yet the difference of quality was by no means 

 sufficient to account for such a difference of crop. 

 The crop was that of 1844, and the beneficial effects 

 of lime were manifest. 



In Huntingdonshire paring and burning was the 

 fashion, so to speak ; and with the exception of a 

 few acres in the park, which were trenched as above, 

 and planted with young trees, it was not departed 

 from at Kimbolton. Liberty was given to the 

 labourers to grow Potatoes, Peas, Carrots, &c, in 

 the young plantation the first season, and the crops 

 grown were very much superior to those grown after 

 paring and burning, the difference being more than 

 sufficient to cover the difference of expense. Indeed 

 about 60 acres, which were sown with Turnips in 

 1846, cost as much between paring, burning, 

 ploughing, harrowing, clod-crushing, &c, as would 

 have trenched them, so that, in this case it would 



ut we 



appear that rotting the sod is a superior practice to 

 burning it, and more easily effected. 



" Paring and burning," according to our cor- 

 respondent, "has never been a popular practice, 

 generally speaking, among farmers, and with the 

 progress of science is daily becoming less so. The 

 results arising from it are not only temporaiy, but 

 fallacious, never yielding in corn according to ap- 

 pearance as of straw, while the opposite are obtained 



Manv Dare and burn, 



two first are necessarily connected, 

 of water from the soil by drainage admits air ; 

 thus, both increasing its fertility and reducing the 

 expense of cultivation. Trenching, again, both 

 aerates the soil and promotes drainage, by opening 

 and permitting a freer passage for the water through 

 it. And the third point, the rotting of weeds, is 

 the conversion of the greatest enemy of the farmer 

 into his greatest friend. We might dwell atJength 

 upon the theories involved in these points, o 

 choose at present rather to deal with facts simi- 

 lar to those brought before us by Mr. Mechi ; for 

 in the United Kingdom we have still a large 

 extent of adhesive clays, and even soils more easily 

 worked, both of which are either under profitless 

 culture, or under pasture of the most worthless kind; 

 and to raise a good crop of Swede Turnips and 

 Mangold Wurzel on them is one of the most 

 important problems presented to British agriculture. 

 In corroboration of the practice pursued by Earl 

 Fortescue, in the moist climate of Devon, as 

 reported by Mr. Mechi, a correspondent mentions a 

 similar practice pursued by his Grace the Duke of 

 Manchester, both in the equally moist climate of to the means at his command 



Ireland and in the drier neighbourhood of Kim- 

 bolton, Huntingdonshire. Both in England and the 

 sister country his Grace was equally successful, 

 the practice proving itself, in both examples, very 

 much superior to several other methods of breaking 

 up Grass land — such as paring and burning, ploughing 

 up the rough sward, digging one spit deep, &c. But 

 although, being dependent upon the same theories — 

 those of draining, aeration, and decomposition of vege- 

 table matter — the examples of the two noblemen cor- 

 respond, yet their practices differ materially in detail, 

 for the latter trenched the w^hole of the soil to the 





pare 



ty, the practice 



depth of 20 inches, turning the top spit to the 

 bottom, and the bottom spit to the top, thus leaving 



from the rotting system, 

 not of choice, but of 



being merely adopted as the least of two evils; 

 but now that draining is becoming better under- 

 stood, the practice of rotting, which could not suc- 

 c essfully be adopted without it, will doubtless gain 

 around and supersede that of burning." 



We would remark on this, that while the theory 

 of the process condemns it as wasteful wherever 

 much vegetable matter is present in the substance 

 burned, yet that the question of economy when put 

 to the farmer has always to be answered relatively 



" -and that very often 

 this is the cheapest process within his reach for 

 reducing the tough material which he has to bring 

 to a tilth. The subject of burning clay soils depends 

 of course upon altogether different considerations 

 from that of paring and burning Grass lands ; and 

 theory here commends the practice. 



The moist climates of Devon and Armagh, with 

 many others in the kingdom, are favourable to the 

 rotting system, but even in the drier climate of 

 Huntingdon and others, if the soil is got drained and 

 trenched in time the process of rotting will be pretty 

 well advanced before the scorching months of July 



and August set in. If once it has got to a certain 

 stage it will imbibe moisture from the atmosphere 



a flat surface for the Turnips to be sown upon, with | to supply the young plants during the drought of 



Much, however, depends upon the mode 



a soil equally loosened throughout ; whereas, accord- 

 ing to the system of the former, two years are 



summer. 



in which the work has been effected. 



If carelessly 



