11 



1851.] 



THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 



u 



i'Kkl'VIAN GUANO. 

 AUTION TO AGRICULTURISTS. 



It tuftog notorious that extentire adulterations of this 



MANURE arettill carried on, 



ANTONY GIBBS AND SONS, 



At TBE 



ONLY IMPORTERS OP PERUVIAN GUANO, 

 Comider it to be their dutj to the Peruvian Government and 

 to the PufcHc at ain to recommend Farmer* and all other? who 

 boytobecaremnTontheirgnard. . ... M 



The character of the parties from whom they purchase will ot 

 t >"rae be the beit tecuritv, and in addition to particular atten- 

 tion to that point, AN'TOMY GIBBS amd SOXS think it well 

 to remind buyers that— 



The lowest wholesale price at which sound Peruvum 

 Cruano has been sold by them during the last two years 

 is 91. 5s. per ton, less 24 per cent. 



any relief made by Dealers at a lower price must therefore 

 either leave a loss to them, or the article must be adulterated. 



T~~ HlTLONDON^IANURE COMPANY beg to 

 offer, as under, CORK MANURE, most Talnable for 

 c peiag dressing — Concentrated Urate, Superphosphate of Lime, 

 nitrite of Soda, Sulphate of Ammonia, Fishery and Agricul- 

 tural Salts, Gypium, Fossil Bones, Sulphuric Acid, and every 

 ether Artificial Manure ; also a constant supply of English 

 and Foreign Liuseei-cake. Peruvian Guano, guaranteed the 

 genuine importation of Messrs. A. Gibbs and Sons, 91. 10#. per 

 ion, or Si. 5s. in quantities of 5 tons and upwards. 



Kdwaid Pcases, Secretary, 

 40. Bridf-stre et, Black fri an. L ondo n. 



MANURhS.— TheTollo wing" Manure* are mam- 

 factured at Mr. Lawis'f Factory, Deptford Creek : 



Clover Manure, per ton £11 



Turnip Manure, do TOO 



Super phosphate of Lime 7 



Sulphuric Acid and Coprolites 5 



Office, 69, King William-street, City, London. 

 N.B. Peruvian Guano, guaranteed to contain 16 per cent, of 

 Ammonia, 9{. 10*. per ton ; and for 5 tons or more, 91. 5s. per 

 •on, in dock. Sulphate of Ammonia, Ac. 



MR. J.lTNESBiT, F.C.S., F.G.S^ Consulting and 

 Analytical Chemist, Laboratories. 38, Kennington-lane, 

 London. — PRIVATE INSTRUCTIONS in Chemical Analysis, 

 an I the most approved methods of making ARTIFICIAL 

 MANURES. Analyses of Soils, Manures, Mineral*, Ac, per- 

 formed af usual, on moderate terms. 



GUANO AND OTHER MANURES— Peruvian 

 Guano of the finest quality: Superphosphate of Lime; 

 Gypsum ; Salt ; Nitrate of Soda; Moffai's Patent Concentrated 

 City Sewage Manure, and all others of known value.— Apply to 

 Mask F others i ll, 204, Upper Thames-street, Lo ndon. 



PHOSPHATE NODULES, or COPROLITES and 

 FOSSIL B«>NES (from the Suffolk Crag). — Manufac- 

 turers of Superphosphate of Lime can be supplied with the 

 above, eitner in their natural form or fiaely pulverised, on the 

 best terms, f. o. b. or delivered in the Thames. 



Applications to Edwaid Packard, Chemist, Sazmundham, 

 Bnffilk, will receive pro mpt atte ntion. 



IRISH PEAT CHARCOAL. 

 TO FARMER- AGRICULTURISTS, AND OTHERS. 



MESSRS. OD A MS and PICK FORD, 35, Leaden- 

 hall-street, having been appointed by the Irish Ameliora- 

 tion 8c»ci«tt sole Agents, for London, for the sale ot their 

 PEAT CHARCOAL, beg to say full particulars of prices, <fcc, 

 may be obtained on application to them. 



Odams and PiCKFOBD, 35, Leadenhall-strpot. City. 



ESICCATED ANIMAL MANURE.— This 



Manure, which has proved so eminently success. ful in the 

 culture ot both Cereal and Green Crops, can now be had of the 

 Manufacturers, J. M'Call and Co., 60, Sp ing Gardens, Man- 

 chester ; Ritchie and M'Call, 137, Houndsditch, London ; and 

 of all Agents. Price 11. per ton.— Copies of Analysis and Tes- 

 timonials forwarded post free on application. Agents wanted. 



PATENT CREOSOTED FISH FOR MANURE. 

 —This manure is composed entirely of animal matter. 

 The analysis of an eminent chemist states that one ton of the 

 prepared tish contains 263 lbs. of ammonia, 150 lbs. of phosphate 

 of lime, and 39 lbs. of potash. It will be seen that they contain 

 all the manuring properties of the best guano, and as they can- 

 not be adulterated, they will be found to be a most useful 

 manure for Potatoes, Wheat, Oats, Carrots, and all rout crops. 

 They afso have the property of preventing the Potato disease. 

 All the Potatoes planted with them last year, produced good 

 crops, and were entirely preserved from the disease, although 

 the neighbouring fields greatly suffered. See Report of the 

 Roval Agricultural Society of Dec. ll, 1850. Price 51. per ton. 

 Orders received by Mr. Hrnby Hill, Corn Exchange, Mark- 

 lane ; Mr. Georgr Bush, 22, Abchurch-lane ; and Mr. Behwett, 

 73, Ma rk-lane, London. 



HOSE FOR LIQUID MANURE, Fire-engine, 

 an agricultural purposes, made of canvass, lined and 

 coated with g^tta purcha ; it is about one- third the price of 

 leather or india-><bber, will convey liquids of all kinds under 

 a heavy pressure, ivJs extensively used at the Government 

 public works ; also b^>ie navy, and amongst agriculturist*, 

 giving universal satisfacub^. Testimonials and prices may be 

 obtained of Messrs. Burgess ffvd Key, 103, Xewgate- street, sole 

 manufacturers.— London Agents : Messrs. Deane, Dray, and 

 Deane, Swan-lane ; Messrs. Tilley, Black friars-road. — Country 

 Agents : Messrs. Ransome and Parsons, Ipswich ; Messrs. J. 

 and S. Johnson, Liverpool; Messrs. Dickson, Hull; Mr. S. 

 Wilson, Agent for Scotland. 



PURCHASERS <>F AGRICULTURAL SEEDS 

 are »mmended to ^peruse Mes rs. M' I TON'S »K* 



PRICE LIST, which appeared in tlia last page .of the Gar- 

 deners Chronidc of March 1ft. The advantages Meters. 

 Sorrow are enabled, by their extensive trade, to » fiord agri- 

 culturists in supplying genuine home grown Seeds at (he tow 

 prices therein quot . I, and free of carriage, will doubtless be ap- 

 preciated in these times of ecouomy and agricultural improve- 

 ment. The following are a few of the articles therein enu- 

 merated :— 



D 





1 



years on farm- buildings, iron bridges, roofs and railings, 

 ehipping, &c, and it is admitted that it covers a greater sur- 

 face and Heads far better than any other pigment on wood, 

 iron, Abethaw Lime, and Roman Cement. Fine Black, 25*. 

 per ton, and Rich Purple-brown, 2:01. per ton.— Offices of the 



^ompany, l, Kew Broad-street, Loudon.— John A. West, 

 Secretar y, 



CTEPHENSON and Co., 61, tfracecburch-street, 



, \-ondon, and 17, New Park-street, Southwark, Inventors 



nvf?«X?fS lurer,of tbe Improved CONICAL and DOUBLE 

 CILMTDRICAL BOILERS, respectfully solicit the attention of 

 acienttnc Horticulturists to their much improved method of 

 applying the Tank System to Pineries, Propagating Houses, 

 Mc„ by which atmospheric heat as well as bottom-heat is 

 secured to any required degree, without the aid of pipes or flues 

 «. and Co. have also to state that at the request of numer< us 

 friends they are now making their Boilers of Iron, as well a* 

 vopper, hy which the cost is reduced. These Boilers, which 



th* D °T S 2 WeU known » scarcely require description, but to 

 jnose wno have not seen them in operation, prospectuses will 

 ne torwarded, as well as reference of the highest authority ; or 

 <n«3r may be seen at most of the Nobility's seats and principal 

 nurseries throughout the kingdom. 

 8. and Co. beg to inform the Trade that at their Manufactory, 



if' d 6 !L k * street » eTe «7 article required for the construction 

 <w Horticultural Buildings, as well as for heating them, may 

 «e obtained upon the most advantageous terms. 



Wnserva tones, <fcc., of Iron or Wood, erected upon the most 

 ornamental designs. Balconies, Paiiaading, Field and Garden 

 "Ocm, Wire-work, 4c, 



Per lb. -4. 



Mangold Wurxel fi 



White Belgian Carrot ... 9 

 Fresh imported Lucerne ... 9 



Parsnip 9 



Ashcroft and other Swedes 9 



Furze (Ulex Europseus) ... 9 





Per bushel 



Giant Saintfoin 



Dickinson's improved 



Italian Rye-grass ... 



True Perennial ditto ... 



Common ditto 

 Summer Vetches 



. . . 



• • • 



-t. 



10 



7 

 7 

 5 

 6 



d. 

 



6 





 6 

 6 



THB BEST SORTS OF PERENNIAL GRASS SEEDS £ 

 FOR PERMANENT PASTURE, t> i expressly to 

 suit the toil with instructions for towing, per acre 



SUTTON'S RENOVATING MIXTURE, for improving 



eld Pastures, per tb 



Reading Seed Warehouse, Reading, Berks. 



• » • 



s.d. 



1 8 

 10 



PRrZE MANGOLD WUKZEL, SWEDE TURNIPS, <fcc. 



JAMES GROVE, Great Baddow, 1 *, who 

 obtained Prizes at the Chelmsford and Kssex Agricultural 

 Show for nine years in succession, begs to state that his Seeds. 

 grown from selected roots, not plants, may be obtained of him, 

 or of Messrs. Philip Hare and Co., Z> . Mark-lane, London, 

 lie begs to call attention to the following opinions of the press : 

 M The roots shown by Mr. Jakes Grove stand unrivalled."— 

 mithfield Club Show, 1848; Mark-lane Express. H The roots 

 shown by Mr. J. GaovE are allowed to be the best specimens 

 ever shown, some measuring 36 inches in length, and weighing 

 20 lbs."— Smithfield Club Show, 1819; Tbid. " The chief merits 

 of these roots are their great length, and growing not more 

 than three inches in the ground, with very small tops."— Smith- 

 field Club show, 18i8 ; ticL's Weekly Messenger. " Tbe roots 

 shown by Mr. James Gkove were pronounced by miny practical 

 judges to be the most perfect specimens they had ever seen."— 

 Smithfi eld Club si w, 1849; Ibid. 



COCHIN CI UNA FOWLS.— A few Fikst-ratf. 

 Birds for Sale. The largest Cock weighs 10} lbs., and the 

 largest Pullet 8 lbs. 7 oz. Price 6i. a pair.— Address A. B., at 

 the Office of t his Paper. __ 



ALVANISED WIRE GAME NETTING. 



7d. per yard, 2 feet wide. 



2-inch mesh, lijfht, 24-inch wide ... 



2-inch ,, strong „ 



2-inch „ extra strong „ 



uinch ,, light 

 I |-inch „ strong 

 11-inch .. extra strong 



»» 



. • . 



... 



. . • 



. . . 



Galvan- 

 ised, 



Id. per yd. 



9 

 12 



I 

 10 

 14 



tt 



♦i 



Japanned 



Iron. 

 5'i.per yd. 



8 



It 



M 

 Pf 



ww — — %J ww ** " 



All the above can be made any width at proportionate prices. 

 If the upper half is a coarse mesh, it will reduce the price one- 

 fourth. Galvanised sparrow-proof netting for pbeasantries, 3d. 

 per square foot. Patterns forwarded post-free. 



Manufactured by BARNARD and BISHOP, Market-place, 

 Norwich, and delivered free of expense in London, Peter, 

 borough, Hull, or Newcastle. 



Site Agricultural <5a?ette* 



SATURDAY, MARCH 15, 1851. 



MEETINGS FOR THE TWO FOLLOWING WEEKS. 

 WiDSKiDii, March 19 - Agricultural ciety of England. 

 TiiuatDAi, — 50 — agricultural Imp. Soc. of Ireland. 

 ^iuniidat, — 26— Agricultural Society of England. 

 TuuiiDii, — 27— Agricu tural Imp. Soc. of Ireland. 



The price of an article in the market depends 

 upon the demand existing for it in relation to the 

 quantity offered for sale. Where free competition 

 exists among merchants and traders, and, so, a com- 

 mon understanding among the salesmen cannot be 

 arrived at, then the price will in the long run be 

 just the original cost of the article, plus such a profit 

 as on the average satisfies those engaged in the 

 traffic. It will not be more than this, because who- 

 ever might be disposed to demand a greater price, 

 knows that he would be immediately undersold ; it 

 will not be less, because if the demand should cease, 

 and prices fall below the standard of ordinary profits, 

 the supplies would also cease, and the business be 

 abandoned for others which still gave a reasonable 

 return for the use of capital and industry. 



Now even where a monopoly exists, the same 

 terms may be used to express the circumstances of 

 price. It is still the relation of demand and supply 

 on which it depends : the only difference between 

 this and the former case arises out of the fact that 

 the salesmen can regulate the whole supply accord- 

 ing to their notions of personal interest ; and so the 

 price is kept up to that pitch, not at which it 

 can be profitably sold, but at which it can, with the 

 lowest profit, be purchased. A certain number of 

 farmers, for instance, purchase guano, and they find 

 it so nearly a necessary of agriculture that they will 

 pay 10/. a ton for it ; that probably is the highest 

 sum which can be given for it. If it were to rise 

 beyond it, in all probability the purchases of guano 

 would cease. We do not know what quantity may 

 exist at present in England, or what is estimated to 

 have been used last year ; but probably to the ex- 

 tent of more than 120,000 tons a year, at nearly 



1« »/. per ton, guai o has been used by Engli&h farmei* 

 during the last five or \ years. No doubt, the 

 knowledge of it- agricultural value has been extend- 

 ing all this time, and a larger number of purchasers 

 than ever before are now willing to buy; hut any 

 advantage which holders of guano may derive from 

 this, is certainly balanced by the losses which agri- 

 culturists generally have of late experienced in the 

 prosecution of their bu>iness — many more may be 

 willing, but far fewer are able; so that the price, 10JL 

 per ton, at which the importers of guano maintain 

 it, may be held to be now, as hitherto, the utmost 

 which they could obtain. 



The guano trade is now a monopoly. In 1845, 

 out of 283,000 tons imported, only 14,000 were from 

 the Peruvian coast ; and then we had free trade in 

 guano, and all the advantages to consumers of com- 

 petition among the producers : but in 1848 and 184, ( >, 

 of the 155,000 tons imported in those two years, 

 138,000 were from the Peruvian coast ; and Messrs. 

 Gihbs, Bkight, and Co., may thus be said to have 

 had the guano trade entirely in their own hands. 

 The price of guano is what they fix upon for it, 

 so long as they do not exceed the limit imposed 

 by the necessities of farmers. We believe that 

 they will find, during the ensuing year, that the 

 prices they maintain are already beyond this limit. 



The price of guano a few years ago may be said 

 to have been the natural price, notwithstanding it 

 was as high then as now. There was then un- 

 doubtedly a keener demand for it than there is 

 now. The prices of agricultural produce then en- 

 couraged this demand, and so the price was kept 

 at 10/. per ton in the face of the large importations 

 of those years. The demand kept pace with the 

 supply. But now farmers are not such keen pur- 

 chasers : a smaller number will inquire for guano 

 this spring than did so during the spring-time of 

 1840 and 1850. And if the prices of those years 

 are to be kept up, the sales will probably he less 

 extensive. Now, no man can say that the impor- 

 tation of gunno into Great Britain has not largely 

 benefited the agricultural interest, and through 

 them the consumers cf agricultural produce. And 

 any diminution in the use of it would, in a 

 similar proportion, be an injury done to both. 

 But the benefit to be experienced from it hereafter, 

 becomes very doubtful for the producers of beef and 

 bread, if the manure is only to be had at the original 

 price, while the manufactured articles, of which it is 

 the raw material, have fallen 25 and even 40 per cent, 

 in market value. We ask, then, whether it may not 

 be the interest of the importers to reduce their 

 prices so far as to extend the sale of an article 

 which, were it in more extensive use, would more 

 than anything else maintain the fortunes of their 

 friends and customers — the farmers. Freights 

 are not at present so high as they were, however 

 onerous may be the terms of the contract with the 

 Peruvian Government ;and there is a strong opinion 

 abroad that, under all circumstances, the price might 

 be lowered, to the material advantage of both mer- 

 chant and farmer. We suspect, too, that a reduc- 

 tion in the price of genuine guano would, more than 

 anything else, check the infamous frauds of which 

 the poorer class of buyers, finable to purchase it at 

 its present price, are the yearly victims. 



We would also express our belief that, if present 

 prices are maintained, artificial guanos will become 

 very much more influential competitors for public 

 favour than hitherto they have been. 



It is doubtless true that they are very inferior to 

 Peruvian Guano ton for ton ; but if they are sold 

 a proportionately low price, the difference in a^rfity 

 will be disregarded by all that large pajir^f the 

 agricultural community whose necessitipi/feave them 

 without choice. 



ON THE GROWTH^ BARLEY AND 



OTHEiCCROPS. 



Barley 5s generaU/considered to succeed best on 

 light soils, well pu^/erised and free from weeds, and is 

 a crop which i^tfl stand dry weather better than any 

 other : it is lilfewise reckoned the best for laying down 

 with Clover and Grass, as in the Norfolk rotation : the 

 best varieties cultivated, being in the counties of Essex, 

 Norfolk, and Suffolk, in which great quantities are pro- 

 duced for the London market. On light soils Barley is, 

 or should be, grown after sheep-fed Turnips, to consoli- 

 date the land by treading and manure. The ploughs 

 should be brought into the Turnip field before the sheep 

 are off, and a shallow ploughing given, as Turnip land 

 is generally left much too long exposed to the weather 

 to the waste of the good effects of the fold. In heavy 

 clay soils, perhaps, a fallow may be necessary (where 

 sheep cannot be admitted for fear of poaching the land 

 on Turnips), as a preparation for Barley sowing, 



The oldest rotation known, and which was 

 universal in Europe from the time of the Romans, waa 

 the three field system ; viz., fallow Wheat or Rye, *>*n 



in autumn, and Barley or Oats in spring, "hen pro- 

 perties were much intermixed, and subdivided the 

 Unla nf r considerable tract of land was divided into 



almost 



