184 



THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 



Stains of* growth, it will be seen that the filamentous 



structure p«*ea with the greatest ease into the cellular, 



till the hardest and most compact perithecia are formed. 



And, after all, tlw author is obliged to leave such 



genera as Tympanism^ Patellaria amongst fungi, which 



are at least as truly Lichens as Hystirhtm, their analogy 



not being with those genera referred to Hypoxylons, but 



to Lecanora and Lecidea. It should seem, too, that 



Lichens may possibly be higher in point of organisation 



than fungi, inasmuch as they produce, in some genera 



at least, real Spennatozoids, which there is not the 



least reason to suppose existent in fungi, though in one 



or'two ^enera, such as Pilobolus and Endodromia, not 



tofmention a doubtful plant examined by Unger, motion 



independent of external influences has been observed. 



Having pointed out a case in which we differ from 

 the author, it is but right to indicate another in which 

 he has deviated from the usual course with our com- 

 plete approval. As regards the curious tribe of Truffles, 

 he has not been led aside by their great external re- 

 semblance and general similarity of habit. The dif- 

 ferent groups are widely separated, in accordance with 

 their true affinities, a point in which Fries has failed, in 

 the closing part of his view of Scandinavian vegetation. 

 In conclusion, notwithstanding some points in which 

 we think the author wrong, we have much pleasure in 

 recommending this work to our readers, who, if the 

 subject is new to them, can scarcely fail to derive much 

 pleasure from its perusal ; and, if they have been 

 students of the varied objects it comprises, except they 

 have had access to good botanical libraries, we doubt 

 not that they will find much that is novel and useful. 



Calendar of Operations. 



(For the ensuing iceek.) 



PLANT DEPARTMENT. 



It is most important at this season, when vegetation 

 is in progress, that sufficient room be afforded to every 

 •plant ; and that air be made to circulate freely among 

 them. A collection of plants too large for the extent 

 of glass is the common evil of nearly all gardens ; and, 

 in consequence of this, they are crammed together 

 during winter, to preserve them from frost. Injurious 

 as this is to their health during the dull months, the 

 evil is ten times greater when they commence their 

 spring growth, and for this reason they must be placed 

 at proper distances asunder without further delay, even 

 if the operation should involve a reduction in the col- 

 lection ; for it is far more satisfactory to all parties 

 concerned to have a few well grown specimens, than 

 several times the number of lanky etiolated plants, not 

 one of which will stand the scrutiny of individual 

 examination. As the spring is so far advanced, much 

 may be done by removing many half-hardy or frame 

 plants, to favourable situations in the open air, where 

 they can be slightly protected, in case of very severe 

 weather, by mats, canvas, or other contrivances ; this 

 will make room for some of the hardier greenhouse 

 plants in the frames, where they will be much improved* 

 by their close proximity to the glass. The forcing 

 houses, also, as they gradually come into work, will 

 afford room for planto which require a stove temperature. 

 If a sufficient quantity of young stove plants has not 

 yet been propagated, no time should be lost, as cutting 

 will root with greater facility now than a month or two 

 hence. 



FORCING DEPARTMENT. 



As Vines are so often troubled with thrips, and as 

 they do such serious injury if allowed to increase, which 

 they soon do to an alarming extent, energetic measures 

 should be taken for their extermination. Fumigation 

 with tobacco is the best method of destroying them • 

 but to render this mode effectual, the following points' 

 should be attended to :— A quiet evening should be 

 selected for the operation, when the leaves of the plants 

 are quite dry ; the house, if convenient, should be 

 covered with canvas, or something similar, to prevent 

 the escape of the smoke through the laps ; during the 

 whole ot the next day it should be kept close, and the 

 shading should be kept on, to prevent the necessity of 

 giving air, and also the more completely to retain the 

 fumes of the tobacco within the house. This course 

 checks the revival of some of the insects which were 

 merely sickened by the previous evening's smokin" ; but 

 to make sure of destroying all, the house should be 

 fumigated again on the second evening. On the 

 second morning the plants should be syringed and 

 receive air as usual ; but if the day prove' very 

 hot, a slight shading will be necessary. If 



Vinery or Peach-house shelves ^will require frequent 



waterings. Pans should be kept under them, filled with 



manure for the roots to run in ; or rough sand will 



assist to maintain a humidity about the bottom of the 



pot, and will often prevent the plants from flagging, 



although the soil in the upper portion of the pot becomes 

 dry. 



FLOWER GARDEN AND SHRUBBERIES. 



Herbaceous plants, which are now appearing above 

 ground, will require a little attention to guard them 

 against the ravages of snails. A timely dressing of 

 soot and lime, sprinkled over the crowns of the plants, 

 will not only prevent their depredations on the surface, 

 but, being washed in by the rain, will preserve the bases 

 of the young growths from their attacks also. Box 

 edgings are notorious as a harbour for these plagues ; 

 and where beds containing choice plants are thus sur- 

 rounded, it will be useful to lay a line of the above 

 mixture along the inside, in order to insulate the plants. 

 It will also be useful to hoe and rake the beds, both for 

 neatness sake, and to disturb the underground retreats 

 of our slimy friends, so as to expose them to the weather, 

 and to the bills of their natural enemies. Biennials (as 

 Wallflowers, Sweetwilliams, and Scabiosas), should be 

 brought from the nursery-beds, and* arranged in 

 their summer quarters ; beds of Pinks, Picotees, and 

 Carnations should also be made ; they are invaluable 

 for supplying flowers for glasses, bouquets, &c. 

 All dressed turf should now be well swept, rolled, 

 and, if necessary, mown; it is a great drawback 

 in the present appearance of the pleasure-ground, 

 and a disadvantage in the after-keeping, to allow Grass 

 to grow too long before it is first cut in spring. 

 Where there is a large extent of open lawn to be kept 

 in first-rate order, the horse mowing-machine is an 

 invaluable assistant, as by it the Grass can be cut once 

 in ten days or a fortnight at much less cost than it can 

 be done once a month by the scythe. For firm, well- 

 drained ground, the 42-inch machine will be found most 

 economical ; but for softer ground the medium-sized 

 machine is preferable, as the latter may be worked with 

 a lighter horse, and consequently less damage is done to 

 the turf in damp weather. It is necessary to mention, 

 that not more than a fortnight should elapse between the 

 different cuttings, or the work will be more difficult to 

 do, and unsightly when done. In order to have the full 

 advantage of these machines, the turf should be levelled. 

 This is what we have done, and the results are so satis- 

 factory, that we feel pleasure and confidence in men- 

 tioning it in the Calendar. 



FLORISTS' FLOWERS. 



Take care, as the stems of Auriculas rise, that 

 they receive no check, whatever air they may get 

 during the day; it is, comparatively speaking, under 

 the amateur's control. It often happens, however, at 

 this time of the year, after midnight, and when least 

 expected, a sharp frost may take place, and should there 

 be any flowers partly expanded, the effect will be pre- 

 judicial, inasmuch as the opening flower will become 

 * set," or stationary ; for this reason, the careful florist 

 will cover his frames down well, with mats, &c, in order 

 to preserve an equable temperature, or water them with 

 soft or rain water, when they require it ; should a stron 

 plant, with an offset, throw two trusses of blooms, 

 remove the weakest. If there is one thing more than 

 another that requires the florists' care, it is the Tulip ; a 

 sudden frost is equally prejudicial to them as to the 

 Auricula ; hoops, nets, and mats are essential requisites ; 

 but even these must be judiciously applied. Hail-storms 

 may be expected, and those who are unprepared, will, 

 when too late, bitterly regret the want of care they 

 have evinced in preparing the necessary protecti 

 Dahlias, &c,, as last week. 



State of the Weather near London, tor 



as 



[Mar. 22, 



March. 



Friday.. 14 



Satur. .. 15 



Sunday . 16 



Monday 1/ 



Tuea. .. IS 



Wed. .. 19 



Thurs... 20 



< 



"c 



a 

 c 



S 



11 



12 



13 

 O 



15 



16 



17 



». C au.cr ucar l^onoon, tor the we#W *-T — -r— — ^! *- 



ob.med at the non^ t ^Z^^**Z*^ 



Bahombtse. 



Max. Mia. 



Average 



■ ■ « 



29.813 

 29.748 

 29.848 

 29.739 

 29.^02 

 29/57 

 29.345 



T**MKATU1|. 



Of the Air. 



Max. 



Min. Mean 



29.776 



53 



29.687 



46 



29.832 



52 



29.55 G 



44 



29.648 



51 



>.344 



51 



29.340 



58 



34 

 29 

 26 

 38 



36 



43 



37 



I foot 2 I** 

 deep. | i^ 



I 



2 



43.3 



40 



37.5 



41 



39.0 



40 



39.5 



40 



43.5 



41 



47.0 



41 



47.5 



42 



29.707 i 29.599 i 50J 34.3 i 43.5 TJJ 



41 

 41 

 41 

 41 

 41 

 41 

 42 



41.1 



March 14-Fine : heavy clouds ; hazy; heavy rain at nieht. 

 — Id— Constant rain ; overcast ; frosty 



M 1 



20— Fine ; very fine ; clear at night. 



Mean temperature of the week, 4 deg. below the 



average. 



State of the Weather atChiswick during the last 25 ran, ft, tke 



ensuing week, ending March 29, 1S51. 



March. 



Suuday 23 



Mon 24 



Tues. 25 



Wed. 26 



Thurs. 27 



Friday 28 



Satur. 19 





50.3 



49.7 

 50.9 

 52.1 

 53.9 

 53.4 

 53.6 



5* « ~ 



35.5 



32.1 

 32.8 

 33.5 

 34.8 

 33.8 

 33.6 





42.9 

 40.9 

 41.8 

 42.S 

 44.4 

 43.6 

 43.6 



No. of 



Tears in 

 which it 



Rained. 



Ti 



8 

 10 

 10 



9 

 10 



5 



Greatest 



Quantity 

 of Rain. 



Pretsiling Wit*. 



0.60 in. 

 0.U 



0.50 



0.12 



0.37 



0.68 



0.12 



2 5 U'i 



l*liV 



i 



» I 





6 



ion. 





istence at the 



the 



time 



; but it will be 



repeat the process three times, 

 of eight or ten days between each fu 

 those which 



ravages of the 



HARDY FRtfIT GARDEN. 



Let all training and pruning be assiduously proceeded 

 with, that it may as soon as possible be brought to a 

 conclusion, particularly where the advice given in an 

 early Calendar has been followed, by leaving unpruned 

 those fruit trees of which the buds are liable to be in- 

 jured by the bulfinches. Any trees which are furnished 

 with a tolerable quantity of blossom-buds, and are not 

 yet protected, should be immediately attended to If 

 canvas or netting is not available, evergreen branches 

 must serve as a substitute. In applying them, use as 

 many as will protect the blossoms, without depriving 

 them of light, and let great care be taken that the buds 

 are not broken or injured, in fixing the branches ; and 

 also that the latter are fastened so securely, that the 

 wind may not be able to move them, and rub against the 



AH 1 ear and other fruit trees, except those too 

 ranced in bud, which are infested with sea' 

 insects of any kind, should now have the wash recom- 

 mended i in former Calendars, applied to their branches, 

 inis will be very effectual now, as the insects will be 

 getting more active, with the increasing warmth of thp 

 season. 



KITCHEN GARDEN. 



Let young plants of Celery, Cauliflowers, Cabbages 



This plan fL C ;i 1 rai8e i u fr ^ raes '. becarefuli y Packed out as soon 



tne tiirips, and we are ban nv T ?Z ll tT h ™ dhn * A Spare frame P 1 *** upon 



, as so manv are onmnlif ?Py ? sh , ght hot " bed > Wl11 answ ^ best for the Celery • and a 



^iniat^ 7 l^.? m fc! n ? b ° rder at th * f oot of a south wall for Ca^ifln™ 



Cauliflowers, 



tobacco be used, it will kill all the" insects 7n P ex! buds. 



^T&Jsli^rT^J^y^ are ?***&«* s Ca «e, or 



, . migation, to destroy 



;„^ 4 u r P™? e< * from the <Sg« laid by the old 

 inlets before their destruction. In fumigating houses 

 in general, a board should be fixed over the top of the 

 smoking pot, about 6 inches above the rim, to diffuse 

 the smoke, t, at it may not injure the leaves by conW 

 directly i n coWt with them before it has been sufficiency 

 cooled by diffusY« through the atmosph— = ' ' 

 has completely desWed the thri 

 to recommend it to ofr** 

 of the 



The highest temperature during the above period occurred ft „ ,u 

 1830-therm. 75 deg.; aad the lowest on the 25th, l85U-.therm!i 4 ^ ** 



Notices to Correspondents. 



To our Correspondents.— May we beg it to be understood th 

 we cannot answer inquiries privately through the post ^?^* 

 ready to give reasonable information through our coin ** 

 but we cannot consent to the labour of writing letters ^^ 



Ammonia : H V> We will consider what further remarki ttt* 

 subject calls for. M "* 



Annuals: HE. Many plant s that are annuals in cold countriM 

 live for several years in hotter ones. The common Ricui 

 makes a small tree, and Mignonette a bush. Some plJji 

 deciduous with us, become evergreens in better climatei u 

 the China Rose, <fcc. ; but in the hottest parts of theworS 

 some trees are periodically deciduous, such, for instance, u 

 Erythrinas. 



Aquatics: HA. It will be better to act according to the evi 

 dence before you. We generally find that in these thinn 

 organisation adapts itself to circumstances ; and that whtt 

 is naturally ^ becomes — if any unusual submersion re- 

 quires it. 



Books : W G. " Cuthill on the Potato, Asparagus, Seakale. 

 Rhubarb," <fcc, <fcc. Any bookseller can procure it for you, 

 if he chooses.} 



Cape Bulbs,: JS. The bulbs are of very pretty sorts. Potthem 

 in fibrous loam, and grow them in a greenhouse like 

 Hyacinths. That plan will produce you better flowers thin 

 turning them out into even a warm border. 



Cranberries: MB. There is no difficulty in cultivating thi 

 common Cranberry among peat earth and lumps of stone, 

 provided running water will pass over and among it. Stag. 

 uant water will not do. But the American Cranberry maj 

 be grown in any garden in the same way as other American 

 plants, only it should have a bed to itself. 



Galvanised Iron Greenhouses: B. will be obliged by soot 

 of our correspondents who have had these erected, informing 

 him how they have answered. 



Glaze for Calico : J K C, Three pints of old pale Iinseeioil, 

 1 oz. of sugar of lead, and 4 oz. white resin. The sugar of 

 lead must be ground with a small quantity of the oil, and 

 added to the remainder, incorporated with the resin by means 

 of gentle heat. Lay it on the calico with a brush. One coa 

 annually is sufficient. J 



Insects : Miles. Your Azaleas are attacked by the commoi 

 Thrips. Repeated fumigation in as confined a situation is 

 possible, with subsequent syringing with clear water, and 

 ventilation, are the best remedy. >r.— W W. The Acarw 

 hatched from the small white speck-like eggs upon stones ii 

 a well-known species. It is the Trobidiuin (or Penthaleus) 

 lapidum of De Geer and Hermann. Pray continue yourob. 

 servations, and communicate the result to us, with a mon 

 finished drawing both of the young and full-grown Acarus, W. 



Kidney Beans : Constant Header. They are shanking off; why, 

 we cannot say. Perliaps you have grown them in too mock 

 heat, and then watered them with cold water. 



Names of Fruits: D Thomas. The Pear is not the true 

 Knight's Monarch. The Apple is certainly like Pearsoni 

 Plate ; but it may be found to be different, on comparing me 

 wood and leaves.||-J P M. Your Apple is the DumeloWi 



Seedling. U 



Names of Plants : J P. It is Aponogeton distacnynm.- 

 J Weeks and Co. It is not possible to name such a specimen ; 

 it may be a species of Puya.— Poole. Hibbertia denttti.- 

 F B. Bignonia pictu.— J F W. Crassuia spathulata.-^ A 

 Caseia tomentosa, a rare plant. — J White. Brasarou 

 Perrinii. — H D. 3, Coronilla varia; 5, Bryonia aioica; o. 

 Delphinium consolida ; 1, Alyssum argenteum ; 2, very un 

 a morsel of Lepidium ruderale ; 7, Ervum Lens ; 4, OnoDrycuj* 

 sativa. — J A. 1, apparently Epiphyllum wjwcatixm;-, 

 indeterminable.— W J E. We are nut sufficiently acquauitea 

 with the Camellia in question to be able to say whether™ 

 sent is the same sort or not.* , . te 



Oak Bark : W F. will thank some of our co rreapon oenu \w 

 say what is likely to be the price of Oak bark this sessOT, 

 and also the price of Oak, Elm, and Ash timber, per w 

 in different parts of the country. . tha 



Orchard Houses : CAA Lloyd. See a Leading Article on w 



Bubject, at p. 35 of the current yeat's volume. ; ^ 



Primcla sinensis : Old Gardener. In show Polyanthuses u»« 



piBtil protrudes it is considered a defect. 



ere. 



•mature locusts. Though Cabbages, Ac Watch carefully the crops ^ 



individually minute, they s<foq commit fearf i u ° "& w > ■*** **-**** uareiuny me ci 



not only upon Vines, but also <unon^ st our rh C ? through the ground ; and whenever slug 



coming 



stove and greenhouse plants. E v^en *Tfrui? of Ph2 

 * often attacked by these insects, and \L Z^T 



figured by them. Strawberries -As the C if now 

 becoming powerful, the Strawberry pots u poa tte 



s are found to be 



destroying them let the ground be frequently dusted 

 over with soot and lime ; or let them be picked by hand, 

 which ,s the surest plan. The planting of Potatoes 

 Jerusalem Artichokes, and Horse-radish should be 

 finished without delay. 



But we should not 

 say that the flowers of Primula sinensis were worthW 

 because that part was seen beyond the anthers. 

 Ventilation: Novice. Ventilation by top sashe9 /! h m 

 effective than that by back ventilators. Having D< * n »J ill 

 certainly can command enough without opening sa. 

 front. But it would be better to give a little 'J™ 1 * "£ arT 

 of course less at top will then be necessary. 1De j7 hall hy 

 amount of ventilation is better admitted by many tna" 



few openings. || , pxube- 



Vines : Sussex. Your Vines will probably become less e ffi0ft 

 rant as they grow older. The roots ought not wgv ^ 

 than 2 feet deep into the soil, and probably win no*. ^ 

 surface is in good condition. But they w*je*te*a » u ^ 

 yards or more in time, if they like the soil, auu m ^ 

 no impediment. This will, however, be your gam, a ^ ^ 

 produce you very large and fine crops of Grapes. ^ 



Vine roots will keep to warm and open grounu. 

 ceive that your fine rubble chalk is sufiicient. 



•* As usual, many^ommunicatione have been " c £ ir ceS5 arJ 

 late, and others are unavoidably detained till tn ^ , - enC e 

 inquirieis can be made. We must also beg for ^^"[jfam 

 of those numerous correspondents, the insertion 

 Interesting contributions is still delayed^ 



