











19 



1851. 



THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 



185 



I'FIU'VIAN <;UANO. 

 CAUTION TO AGRICULTURISTS _ 



CV»iil °™™»* *■* «" nsiTe ^ulcerations of this 

 t0V——%'%£¥ £?BB3 AND SONS, 



AS THE 



AVLT IMPORTERS OF PERUVIAN GUANO 

 ° ^ctobi their duty to the Peruvian Government and 

 TtMic***™ to recommend Farmers and all others who 

 £ be earefullj on their guard 



"K 



•.h«aEr of the parties from whom they purchase will of 

 e< ?* r f^l" ^„ M rit* «nd in addition to particular atten- 



w- »»,« hMt ■ecurity, and in addition to parti 



* StllvToh GIBBS and SONS think it well 



to to that . 

 rT-nind buyers that— 



_ has been told by 



OL 5*. f*r /on, fc» 2£ j>er c<?fc*. 



»\X Mules made by Dealers at a lower price must therefore 

 tor to" * lo " 8 l0 tnem » or the article must be adulterated * 



wholesale price at which sound Peruvian 



them during the last two years 



COMPANY 



beg 



to 



rpiTLONDON MANURE 



1 oAr *• under, CORN MANURE, most valuable for 

 JVJ^-^in r— Coocentrated Urate, Superphosphate of Lime, 

 St*SL of Soda, Sulphate of Ammonia, Fishery and Agncui- 

 f!SiSmlu Gypsum, Fossil Bones, Sulphuric Acid, and every 

 5h!r Artificial Manure ; also a constant supply of English 

 ^Foreign Linseei-cake. Peruvian Guano, guaranteed the 





 



«noms importation of Messrs. A. Gibbs and Sons, 9*. 10*. per 



STor 9/ 5#. in quantities of 5 tons and upwards. 



"*» Edward Fubsee, Secretary. 



40, Bridge -street, B lackfriars, London. 



ANURES. The following Manures are manu- 

 factured at Mr. Liwes's Factory, Deptford Creek : 

 Clover Manure, per ton ... ■ £11 



Turnip Manure, do. ... ..• ••• ••• 7 



Superphosphate of Lime 7 



Sulphuric Acid and Coprolites 5 



Office, 69, King William-street, City, London. 

 N.B. Peruvian Guano, guaranteed to contain 16 per cent, of 

 ammonia, 91. 10s. per Ion ; and for 5 tons or more, 91. bs. per 

 #oo. in dock. Sul phate of Amm onia, <bc. 



ARTIFICIAL. MANURES. — PRIVATE ITT- 



1a- ST RUCTIONS in Chemical Analysis and the most ap- 

 proved methods of making Artificial Manures are given by 

 J. C. Xesbit, F.C.S., F.G.S., at the Laboratories, Scientific 

 School, S8, Kenuington-lane, London. 



Analyses of Soils, Manures, Minerals, &c, performed as 

 usual, on moderate terms. 



UANO AND OTHER MANURES.— Peruvian 



Guano of the finest quality ; Superphosphate of Lime ; 

 Gypsum ; Salt ; Nitrate of Soda ; Moffat's Patent Concentrated 

 City Sewage Manure, and all others of known value.— Apply to 

 U a ik Fqthebqill. 204, Upper Thames-street, London. 



PHOSPHATE NODULES, or COPROLITES and 

 FOSSIL BONES (from the Suffolk Crag). — Manufac- 

 turers of Superphosphate of Lime can be supplied with the 

 above, eitner in their natural form or finely pulverised, on the 

 best terms, f. o. b. or delivered in the Thames. 



Applications to Edward Packard, Chemist, Saxmundham, 

 Suffolk , will receive prompt attention. 



IRISH PEAT CHARCOAL. 



TO FARMERS, AGRICULTURISTS, AND OTHERS. 



ESSRS. ODAMS and PICKFORD, 35, Leaden- 



hall-street, having been appointed by the Irish Ameliora- 

 te* Socibtt sole Agents, for Loudon, for the sale of their 

 PEAT CHARCOAL, beg to say full particulars of prices, <fcc, 

 may be obtained on application to them. 



Odams and Pickford. 35, Leadenhall.gtreet, City. 



r)ESICCATED ANIMAL MANURE.— This 



-*-' Manure, which has proved so eminently successful in the 

 culture of both Cereal and Green Crops, can now be had of the 

 manufacturers, J. M'Call and Co., 60, Spring Gardens, Man- 

 chester; Ritchie and M'Call, 137, Houndsditch, London ; and 

 Of all Agents. Price 11, per ton.— Copies of Analysis and Tes- 

 timonial* forwarded psst free on application. Age nts w anted. 



M 



ATENT CREOSOTED FISH FOR MANURE. 



—This manure is composed entirely of animal matter. 

 The analysis of an eminent chemist states that one ton of the 

 prepared nsh contains 263 lbs. of ammonia, 150 lbs. of phosphate 

 of hme, and 39 lbs. of potash. It will be seen that they contain 

 all the manuring properties of the best guano, and as they can- 

 not be adulterated, they will be found to be a most useful 

 manure for Potatoes, Wheat, Oats, Carrots, and all root crops. 



Li [ J have the Property of preventing the Potato disease. 

 All the Potatoes planted with them last year, produced good 

 wops, and were entirely preserved from the disease, although 

 we neighbouring fields greatly suffered. See Report of the 

 aojal Agricultural Society of Dec. 11, 1850. Price 51. per ton. 

 Orders received by Mr. Hbnrt Hill, Corn Exchange, Mark- 

 £ne;Mr. George Bush, 22, Abchurch-lane ; and Mr. Bennett, 

 A, Mark-lane, London. 



UOSE FOR LIQUID MANURE, Fire-engine, 



AA and agricultural purposes, made of canvass, lined and 

 posted with gructa purcha ; it is about one- third the price of 

 «Mker or india-rubber, will convey liquids of all kinds under 

 * heavy pressure, it is extensively used at the Government 

 WUc works ; also by the navy, and amongst agriculturists, 

 Ij™Jjg universal satisfaction. Testimonials and prices may be 

 wined of Messrs. Burgess and Key, 103, Newgate-street, sole 

 ^•aufacturers.— London Agents : Messrs. Deane, Dray, and 

 ]**»«, Swan-lane ; Messrs. Tillcy, Blackfriars-road.~ Country 



aST 1 ? : ^ essr8 * Raosome and Parsons, Ipswich ; Messrs. J. 

 •J* S. Johnson, Liverpool; Messrs. Dickson, Hullj Mr. S. 

 2jggnj _Agent for Scotland. 



HE CONICAL BOILERS INVENTED BY 



*i«J£ HX R0GERS » Esq-, are supplied and fixed by John 

 Am« u " omnon e:er, Sevenoaks. Also all kinds of Hot Water 

 •taXl £?■ F ° r Caurches and Public Buildings, Mr. Shewen 

 mor» «a • con8ulted » hi » Warm Air Apparatus being safer, 

 "gsngiept, .and mo re durable than any oth^r. 



SvJ P , HE1 *SON and Co., 61, Gracechurch-atreet 



*nd mJw' aad 17 » New Park-street, Southwark, Inventors 

 CYLTvna™ urer9 of the Improved CONICAL and DOUBLE 

 •dtttifin n L B0ILERS . respectfully solicit the attention of 

 apolTin, fk l cul tarist8 to their much improved method of 

 *c i S Jv J ank s y stem t0 Pineries, Propagating Houses, 

 secuwdt. atm °spheric heat as well as bottom-heat is 



8. and Cn l Dy re( * uireQ degree, without the aid of pipes or flues. 

 ttend« thi nave also to state that at the request of numerous 



C l ne y are now making their RnilAMi nf Tmn oa w ^1i « Q 



Copper h? ^e^ making their Boilers of Iro°, as well a* 

 ^enowL l n h i the C08t U red ™ed. These Boilers, which 

 *ote wha lL kQOwn > scarcely require description, but to 

 ^ forwarder 6 not f, een th ? m in °P er ation, prospectuses will 



* '^riecL fU viral \ aa roforonn^ rvi? *U~ L^-lA-*. 2 .. 



** nm W ** wel1 as re £ er ? nce of the highest authority ; or 



K ^eri^th. een u atm °u Sto ! th , e Nobi "ty's seats and princ pal 

 S a ri r ' hroTX S h °ut the kingdom. F F 



W, New pL°;i. beg to inform the Trade ^^ at their Manufactory. 



? Hortt^tSLM?' fX ery article r ?, qulre J i for thG construction 



^^n^o n ^ llding *' ? 8 W 4 eU as for bating them, may 



Gaaam \ P he m08t advantageous terms. * 



°^umenl a i ^ e • 8, &c '»2 f , Iron or Wood » erected u Pon the most 

 *^wil^ Palisading, Field and GaXn 



URCHASERS OF AGRICULTURAL SEED> 



are recommended to ; peruse Messrs. SU I TON'S NEW 

 PRICE LIST, which appeared in the last page of the Gar- 

 deners' Chronicle of March 1st. The advantages Messrs. 

 Sutton are enabled, by their extensive trade, to afford agri- 

 culturists in supplying genuine home grown Seed* at the low 

 prices tterein quoted, and free of carriage, will doubtless be ap- 

 preciated in tnese times of economy and agricultural improve- 

 ment. The following are a few of the articles therein enu- 



• i • 



merated :— 



Per lb. 

 Mangold Wurzel ... 

 White Belgian Carrot 

 Fresh imported Lucerne 



Parsnip 



Ashcroft and other Swedes 9 



• • • 



d. Per bushel- 

 6 Giant Saintfoin 



9 Dickinson's improved 

 9 Italian Rye-grass 



9 True Perennial ditto 

 Common ditto 

 Summer Vetches 



-*. d. 

 10 



• • « 



* • • 



« •• 



7 

 7 

 5 

 6 



Furze (Ulex Europaeus) ... 9 



THE BEST SORTS OF PERENNIAL GRASS SEEDS £ s.d. 

 FOR PERMANENT PASTURE, mixed expressly to 

 suit the soil, with instructions for sowing, per acre 



SUTTON'S RENOVATING MIXTURE, for improving 



old Pastures, per lb 



Reading Seed Warehouse, Reading, Berks. 



6 

 



6 

 6 



t t * 



• • • 



18 

 10 



PURE WATER raised to any height from a small 

 stream, where a fall can be obtained, by FREEMAN ROE 

 and HANSON'S IMPROVED RAM ; less waste, by two-thirds, 

 than those ordinarily in use. Portable Steam Engines for Agri- 

 cultural purposes, Threshing Machines, Deep- well Pumps, 

 Water-wheels, Baths, Hot-water Apparatus, and Fountains. 

 Towns supplied with Gas or Water. Drawings and Estimates 

 made.— Freeman Roe and Hanson, Hydraulic and Gas Engi- 

 neers : Office, 70, Strand, London. 



HE GENERAL LAND DRAINAGE AND 



IMPROVEMENT COMPANY. 

 Incorporated by Act of Parliament, 12 and 13 Vict., c. 91. 



Directors. 

 Henry Ker Seymer, Esq , M.P., Hanford, Dorset— Chairman. 

 John Villiers Shelley, Esq., Maresfield Park, Sussex — 



Deputy-Chairman. 

 John C. Cobbold, Esq., M.P. I Edward J. Hutchins,Esq.,M.P. 

 William Cubitt, Esq. Samuel Morton Peto,Esq.,M.P. 



Henry Currie, Esq., M.P. Colonel G. A. Reid, M.P. 



Thomas Edward Dicey, Esq. William Tite, Esq., F.R.S. 

 William Fisher Hobbs, Esq. | William Wilshere, Esq. 



The Company is empowered to execute — 1. All work9 of 

 Drainage (including Outfalls through adjoining Estates), Irri- 

 gation, Reclaiming, Enclosing, and otherwise improving Land. 



2. To erect Farm Homesteads, and other Buildings necessary 

 for the cultivation of Land. 



3. To execute Improvements, under contract, with Commis- 

 sioners of Sewers, Local Boards of Health, Corporations, Trus- 

 tees, and other public bodies. 



4. To purchase Lands capable of Improvement, and fettered 

 by restrictions of Entail, and having executed the necessary 

 works, to resell them with a title communicated by the Com- 

 pany's Act. 



All owners of Entailed Estates, Trustees, Mortgagees, Cor- 

 porations, Incumbents, Life Tenants, and other persons having 

 only limited interests may obtain the use of the Company's 

 powers to carry out every kind of permanent Improvement, 

 either by the application of his own or the Company's funds 

 secured by a yearly charge on the property improved. 



Proposals for the execution of Works to be addressed to 

 52, Parliament-street, London. William Clifford, Secretary. 



*^^— ■■!■ I 1 —n ■ l«»^— — I — i^^— ■— II ■■ I ■■■■■■■ ■ ^ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■■■! ■■!■■■ ■ ^mm - — -^ ■ 



HPHE METALLIC PAINT, produced by the Patent 



JL Alkali Company, has been extensively used for several 

 years on farm-buildings, iron bridges, roofs and railings, 

 shipping, &c, and it is admitted that it covers a greater sur- 

 face and stands far better than any other pigment on wood, 

 iron, Abeihaw Lime, and Roman Cement. Fine Black, 2ol. 

 per ton, and Rich Purple-brown, 1\)l. per ton. — Offices of the 

 Company, 1, New Broad-street, London. — John A. West, 

 Secretary. 



practices, as may enable farmers to raise their inva- 

 lid crops of Clover over the difficulties to which 

 they have subjected them." 



Besides ; a number of the details of Barley cul- 

 ture, on which opinion is still divided, might then 

 be usefully decided in such a way as shall be most 

 beneficial to the undergrowth of Clover — such are, 

 the quantity of seed used per acre, the width of 

 intervals between the drills, and the length of stubble 

 to be left at harvest time. We hope, then, that 

 some of our readers will not forget Prof. Henslow's 

 experimental ridge at Barley seed time. 



Of the other theories of Clover failures— for the 

 result may be owing to many causes — the more pro- 

 bable is that which attributes it to the mechanical 

 condition of the soil. The best advocacy of this 

 theory which we have seen is by the Rev.^ W. 

 Thorp, in the third volume of the u English Agricul- 

 tural Society's Journal." The exemption of head- 

 lands, and other parts hardened by treading, from 

 failures which have destroyed the rest of the field 

 *i— ~&^ ~t u rest » i n res toring the utility of land 



•the similar 



the effect of 



which has become " tired " of the crop 

 effect of marling light soils — the failure of Trifo- 

 lium incarnatum when the corn stubble is ploughed 

 and cultivated for its reception, and its success when 

 merely harrowed in upon the hard unstirred land 

 all seem to indicate a too loose condition of the soil, 

 as in many cases the cause of the Clover failure. 



The chemical theory of its cause seems by com- 

 mon consent to be abandoned. Dr. Anderson, at 

 the last of the Highland Society's monthly meetings, 

 said as much. He had not ascertained differences 

 in the composition of specimens of soil sufficient to 

 account for the success of the plant upon one and 

 its failure on the other ; and that it is not the want 

 of suitable food for the plant that causes its death, 

 seems clear from the following experiments pub- 

 lished by Mr. Main, of Lasswade, in a recent Num- 



In- 



ber of the North British Agriculturist : 



He says, regarding his experimental field :- 

 tending it for Barley in 1849, 1 was anxious to 

 plough it as early in the year as possible ; and with 

 this end in view, I began the ploughing in February. 

 Bad weather succeeded after I had got the field 

 exactly one-half ploughed, and from various causes ' 



the other half ploughed till 



I was prevented getting 

 the last week in April, 

 with the Grass seeds in 



Eht agricultural <Ba?ttte* 



SATURDAY, MARCH 22, 1851. 



MEETINGS FOR THE TWO FOLLOWING WEEKS. 

 Wednesday, March 26 -Agricultural Society of England. 

 Tuuhsdat, — 27—A.griculturat Imp. Soc. of Ireland. 

 Wednksdai, April 2— Agricultural Society of Enulaud. 

 Tuuhbdai. — 3— Agricultural Imp. Soc. of Ireland. 



early ploughed division 

 almost like an Onion 



We promised to remind our readers, at the 

 proper season, of the desirableness of Professor 

 Henslow's experiment for the determination of the 

 cause of Clover Failures. There are now three 

 theories on this subject. One of them asserts the 

 failure to be a mere case of starvation — want of 

 sufficient " board " for the plant ; a second that it is 

 owing to a faulty texture of soil — want of suitable 

 " lodging " for the plant ; and the third that it is 

 the result of disease arising from an improper 

 treatment of the plant. It is to determine the 

 soundness of the third of these suggestions that 

 Professor Henslow suggests the following experi- 

 ment. Let any farmer, whose land has proved 

 liable to this disease, leave a single " ridge " of his 

 Barley field unsown, except with the Clover seed. 

 The idea is that the unnatural condition in which 

 the Clover is commonly placed during so long a 

 period of its growth, and the abrupt chance of 

 its circumstances at harvest 



the plant, so that 



change 

 time, weakens, or 

 it cannot contend 



mj ures 



with the difficulties of the ensuing winter. If the 

 disease attacking any Clover field should not extend 

 to the experimental ridge, this suggestion will be 

 corroborated. Should it prove a sound one, the 

 value of the knowledge thus attained of it will, of 

 course, far outweigh the loss of the Barley. Pro- 

 fessor Henslow says : — " I have heard farmers say 

 they cannot afford to lose the Barley, for the sake 

 of keeping the Clover healthy ; and they immediately 

 arrive at the conclusion, that the experiment I have 

 suggested would be useless. Now, e I need not tell 

 you, that even if the Barley turns out the primary 

 cause of these failures, there would be no need of 

 entirely abandoning its culture, in order to secure 

 the Clover. Let us understand the merits and de- 

 merits of the case, and then your chemical experi- 

 ments may furnish data for so far modifying present 



When the Barley was sown 

 the first week of May, the 

 wrought very fine, finishin 

 bed. The late ploughe 

 division, on the contrary, wrought raw and stiff, and 

 the Grass seeds were sown on a cloddy surface. 

 The whole field was sown with the same Barley and 

 seeds. The braird, both of Barley and Grass, came 

 away first on the early ploughed division, and for 

 some time looked better, but at harvest little differ- 

 ence was observable : as I have already stated, the 

 Clover, and especially the red Clover, was abundant. 

 When the substances for experiment came to be 

 applied on the 28th of May, 1850, the appearance 

 of the red Clover was entirely changed. On the 

 first ploughed half very few plants, or clumps of 

 plants, could be seen; on the late ploughed half 

 there were plants in plenty; a complete line of 

 demarcation, formed by the red Clover, marked the 

 spot reached by the early spring ploughing." Mr. 

 Main argues from this, that the loose condition of 

 the well cultivated half was the cause of the Clover 

 failure. And in order to ascertain whether it could 

 have originated in the absence from the soil of some 

 substances required by the plant, he applied a 

 variety of manures to the land. He says, " I took 

 advantage of the division of the field by the early 

 and late ploughings, and measured one quarter of an 

 imperial acre on each division for each substance. 

 The substances were thus sown in duplicate, first 

 on the early, and secondly on the late ploughed 

 division of the field ; I also measured c nothing* 



lots in each division, in the r>ronortion of one 



ing' 



)ts in each division, in the proportion of 

 nothing ' lot to two top-dressed lots, the 6 noth 

 lot being in the centre, and the top-dressed lots on 

 each side compared with it. The experiment is as 



follows 



No. 



Substances 

 employed. 



Applied 



per 



imperial 



acre. 



Cost of 

 applica- 

 tion. 





1 

 2 



3 

 4 

 5 

 6 

 7 

 8 



9 



10 

 11 



• * • 



Sul. of ammonia 



Nothing 



Gypsum ... ... 



Sol. of magnesia 



Nothing 



Common salt 

 Nit. of potash 

 Nothing 



Sul. of ammonia 

 Gypsum ... *... 

 Mur. of ammonia 

 Nothing 



* « » 



• •• 



* • - 



lbs. 

 132 



172 

 246 



• • • 



107 

 202 



• • • 



66 



86 



132 





s. 

 20 



■ 



3 

 16 



d. 

 



• m 



10 

 6 





• • 9 



2 

 59 



10i 

 6 



Average per acre 



• t • 



11 



27 1 



* * • 



■ • • 



Produce 



per 

 imperial 



acre. 



stone. 



356 

 244 

 244 



277 



St>8 



378 

 277 



312 



397 

 277 



297 



.- a: 



3 i 





No. 

 1 

 2 

 3 

 4 

 5 

 6 



7 

 8 



9 



10 

 11 



Produce 



per 

 imperial 



acre. 







stone. 

 345 

 223 

 211 

 200 

 189 

 200 

 334 

 211 



244 



312 

 223 



244 



" I may mention that the whole crop on each lot 

 was weighed, and the amount simply quadrupled, to 



