









THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 



189 



", ., — ,._• j « o„i nr ; 7e the ox will pay upon his farm, and he has now set on 55 additional men, I but the Clover wi 

 ^ 5L 'iZj^ °i, the l --P^.of,.the neighbouring %£#?"< 



Ijtons, which are both clean and very durable Mr 

 SSEoW 2700 sheep, -2.5O0 of which, after their fleeces 

 Jlua ?T-.:ii 1^0^1.1 ;., Smithneld before Midsummer, the 



well 



•re 



off, will be sold in Smitl 



The wool will all be 



s are 27 



hreeding ewes being retained. 



Sk re OipistaiM, 1851, Mr. Hudgoil nukatiki 



Snt to adopt the commercial maxim of selling ah he 

 Ukes. whether it be beef, mutton, pork, corn, or wool, 

 SfbrThis annual stock-taking. From about the end of 

 November he sends about 150 quarters of grain to 

 £Set weekly, until all is sold. His land sown and 

 iwinrr with Wheat this year is 500 acres, in fields ot 

 «5 40 and :>0 acres each, and in each field the crop is 

 Slacked on circular bottoms and iron posts two feet 

 hi* and three feet apart. His circular stack 

 fort in diameter at the bottom ; of symmetrical form, 

 tnd beautifully trimmed. His Barley stacks are oblong, 

 60rfeet long by 20 feet wide, and not on raised bottoms ; 

 so that the rats, poor things ! are kept on Barley 

 instead of Wheat. Mr. Hudson paid 29501. in wages 

 in 1849, and 27001. in 1850, and usually receives from 

 80002 to 10,000/. per annum from Smithfield market, 

 according to the price of meat, now considerably less, 

 the priceof meat being too low to pay. He has put on 

 his Turnip land this year 3000 tons of yard manure, 

 and on his Wheat land 2000 tons ; besides guano, bones, 

 and other things. When I visited him, they were 

 ploughing a little field of 35 acres with four pairs of 

 oxen ; and as they finished a ridge, six or eight feet 

 wide and while the mould was fresh and moist, the 

 seed-drill followed ; and after the drill came the 

 harrow to finish with— the three operations all going on 

 together. 1 asked " What crop had you on this last ? m 

 14 Turnips." ** When did they come off? " " Yesterday. 

 We hauled off half, and fed off the other half with sheep, 

 and they finished their feed yesterday. We never let 

 the land lie — we plough and sow directly we get the 

 Turnips away." * Well, but where are the weeds ? " 

 " There are none, the Turnips are kept perfectly clean. 

 The same principle is adopted in Turnip sowing, we 

 put in the seed instantly the plough has passed over it." 

 Mr, Hudson uses Howard's (of Bedford) patent plough. 

 He bought a dozen of them four years ago at 41. 1 5s. 

 each. His dibbling machines cost 601. each. He 

 has six road wanzons. 18 Gloucestershire harvest 



parishes, and has eng ;ed them in digging and breaking 

 up with the fork and pickaxe, to the depth of about 

 20 inches, the rocky iron-bound and macadamised sub- 

 soil of his light land. The price paid is 9rf. per rod, or 



Whether the operation will stand the test 



61. per acre. 



of the balance sheet remains to be proved ; certainly no 



manure could cause crops to be maturely developed 



on those soils in a dry season. From tlie Chelmsford 



Chronicle. 



will not be put in for some time, as we only rolL 

 " early, it has a chance of being destroyed by 



METEOROLOGICAL REPORT.— March. 



{Continued from page 173.) 



Date. 



March 3 



4 



5 



Time. 



Max. 



Min. 



7.30 a.m. 



6 p.m. 

 7.40 a.m 



t 



6 





Noon. 

 11.5 p.m. 



7.45 a.m. 

 3.30 p.m. 

 10.45 p.m 

 7.30 a.m. 



30.18 



• » • 



30.05 

 30.00 



7 



X 



8 



Sun. 



§ 



10 

 11 



waggons, 

 four 



12 



light 



waggons, 



two-horse tumbrils with iron bottoms ; 



Gloucestershire waggons for hay and 

 light work, and a few one-horse carts — all made on the 

 premises. His saddlery and harness are all required 

 on the premises. All his blacksmith's work and car- 

 pentry is done on the premises. And one of his steam- 

 engines was made at home. This is all so different from 

 the extent and routine of an ordinary Cumberland farm, 

 that you may think I am romancing, but you must come 

 and see, and then you will believe. Mr. Hudson has 

 two stationary steam engines, of 12 horse power each, 

 on different parts of the farm ; and he finds they are 

 not sufficient for his work, and is building a third. The 

 castings are made in the village ; and his engineer and 

 blacksmith, with their forges and lathes, put them together. 

 One of the engines was at work threshing Barley, two 

 men were on the stacks, two loading the waggons, and 

 two pitching from the waggons to the engine, another 

 receiving the grain in swills, from which he returned it 

 into another whirligig to have the beards broken off. 

 The straw came out at another place, and was pitched 

 away ; and a cloud of chaff and dust showed where the 

 winnowing was going on. The same engine was, at the 

 same time, pumping water, grinding Revalenta arabica, 

 and breaking oil-cake. The same machine also presses 

 linseed for extracting the oil, which is put into large 

 wine pipes and sent to America for sale, and the cake 

 goes to feed the cattle. There is also attached a flour 



12 



10.15 p.m. 



7.30 a.m. 



11 a.m. 



29.98 



« • • 



29.68 

 29^59 



• • • 



29.85 



29.58 

 29J1 



Wind.— Weatheb. 



WNW. a.m. Almost calm, 



anrt overcast all day. 

 WSW.p.m. 

 NNW. Light; white frost. 



2 p.m 



10.20 p.m. 



7.40 a.m. 



8.15 p.m. 





U 



13 

 14 



TT 



15 



Sun. 16 



10.40 p.m. 

 8 a.m. 



10.10 p.m. 



7.30 a.m. 

 10.20 p.m. 



7 a.m. 



2 p.m. 



8 p.m. 

 11 p.m 



6 a.m. 

 12.30 p.m. 



3 p.m. 

 10.20 p.m. 



7.10 a.m. 



7 p.m. 

 6 a,m. 



29.82 

 29.86 

 29.84 



29.84 



• ■ 





• • • 



• * • 



29 90 



29.90 

 29,79 



• • • 



* ■ • 



29.78 



« • • 



29.94 



29.88 



29.83 

 29.85 



• • t 



• • • 



29.*43 

 29.51 

 2^87 



Light breeze WSW. and SW. ; 

 warm cloudy day ; baro- 

 meter falling steadily. 



S. Brisk ; drizzling. 



SSW. p.m. Light ; overcast. 



Nfcht, W. Blowing hai d. 



NNW. by smoke. Brisk, 

 cloudless ; towards noon, 

 blowing hard. 



Evening, more moderate. 



NNE. Gentle ; frost, bright 



N. Gentle ; fine and sunny. 



SSW. Light; overcast. 

 Very dark night. 

 NNE. to ENE. Gentle. 

 E. Dark clouds ; fine sunset 



starlight, 

 increasing, 



a ■ ■ 



29.57 



• • • 



• • « 



29.56 



• • • 



29.67 

 29.67 



29.81 

 29.49 

 29.50 



- - . 



29.61 



i • • 



- • • 



6.20 p.m. 



6.20 a.m. 

 10. p.m. 



7.40 a,m. 



29.66 



» v ■ 



29.69 

 29.75 



• • • 



29.62 



• • * 



• • ■ 



17 



«• 





18 



10.30 p.m. 



7 a.m, 

 11.30 a.m 

 2 p.m. 



10.45 p.m. 

 6,53 a.m. 



29.73 

 29.56 



• tt 





29.59 

 29.67 



• ■ • 



• a • 



29.39 

 29.44 



• • i 



S. Almost calm 

 Strong breeze S. 

 Rainy evening, and very rough 



wet night. 

 NW. Blowing hard, and fine. 

 Evening, NN W. Calm night. 

 N. to NW. Brisk; frost; 



fine and sunny day. 



SW. Gentle breeze ; heavy 



bank of clouds to S. of W. 

 SE. a m. Brisk ; drizzling. 

 NW. noon. Heavy clouds 



and fine. 

 Fine and sunny afternoon. 

 Bright starlight night. 

 NW. Gentle breeze, and fine 



warm day. 

 WNYY. Calm, frost; dark 



bank of clouds in the 



eastern horizon. 



SE. afternoon. Close and 



ovcrc&st 

 NNW. all day and gentle 



breezes ; fine morning, 



and showery afternoon. 

 NN W. Almost calm ; fine 



day. 



WS W. and W. Bright moon- 

 light, but overcast. 



S. Brisk ; raining fast. 

 W. Clearing up. 



NW. Stiff breeze ; fine after- 

 noon. 



NNW. Rainy evening. 



Barometer steady; wind S., 

 with every appearance of a 

 very wet day. 



Notices to Correspondents. 



Beans : J 8. Soot and salt or soot and wood-ashes— 30 bushels 

 of the eoot with 2 cwt. of salt or 10 cwt. of wood-ashes will 

 be a good dressing. 



Chicory : Constant Reader. You will see some information on 

 this subject at page 154. 



Geass by Inoculation: Stocktonieruis. You will, if the sward 

 is good, find your plan the best and easiest way of laying 

 the land down. You should cut the field in strips by a roller 

 armed for the purpose, about 6 inches wide, and then pare it 

 the other way. After the arable field is properly prepared, 

 get the bits of Grass gathered in carts and spread over it- 

 Employ children to place them right side up, and tread on 

 them. Then roll the field, spread a compost, sow some Grass 

 seeds, bush-harrow, and roll again. 



Grass Lands : Festuca Elatior. You may scarify and harrow the 

 field and sow Grass seeds, and bush-harrow and roll, with 

 every probability of getting a better covering. 



Liquid Manure : Sub. If you intend adding 1 cwt. of guano 

 per acre in a liquid form after every cutting of Italian Rye- 

 grass, then just see, in the first place, what quantity of water 

 your machine distributes per acre, and mix the cwt. with 

 that quantity. Probably 800 or 400 gallons will be the 

 quantity to mix the dressing of guano, whatever you may 

 fix on per acre. 

 Manure: Owen Qlendower. We should put all our manure on 

 the green crop and none to the grain. The bones and super- 

 phosphate with the manure should all go to the green crop. 

 Lime is best added on the corn or Clover stubble before the 

 winter's furrow. The Clover stubble is probably the better 

 of the two. 



Mr. Moody's Turnip-crusher : Cirencester. Mr. E. J. Moody, 

 jun., Maiden Bradley, near Mere, Wilts. 



Paint : Y Z begs to acquaint " M. B.," who makes the inquiry 

 in the last Paper, as to a thorough good paint for out-door 

 work, that from the experience of many years, none comes- 

 up to Carson's ; and recommends the tending to 9, Great 

 Winchester-street, Old Broad-street, London, for the testi- 

 monials. 



Peat Compression : W W B. You will probably obtain in- 

 formation on this subject by applying to Mr. Clyburn, Rat* 

 cliffe Iron Works, 55, St. George's-street East, London. 



Poultry Books : Argo. You must consult our review column 

 in past numbers. Mr. Dixon's work on ornamental poultry 

 contains information on the subject you name. 



Spanish Fowls: W H. The hen of thorough-bred birds is not 

 expected to have a white face, though it is now the fashion 

 to make it a sine qua non with the cocks. 



Sundeies : A B. Rape-cake is, we doubt not, imported both 

 into London and Hull. You should apply to any corn factor. 

 Barley may be given whole to sheep. Rape must not be sown 

 with Oats, however late ; you will be in a mess at harvest- 

 time if you do. Sow it in a seed bed, and transplant it on to 

 the stubble as soon as it has been worked over ; you will then 

 have a good bite next spring. 



The Hydatid : ?. The specimen sent appears, as far as we 

 can judge, the membranous investment of an hydatid, the 

 contents of which might have escaped. The cause of the 

 symptoms is no doubt hydatids on the brain. If so near the 

 surface as to cause the skull to appear soft, it may be pierced 

 with a small awl, or the skull may be trephined ; and then, 

 if there is no other, the animal will recover. If situated 

 deep in the brain, there is no remedy. The best advice is to 

 confine the animal, and force it on for the butcher by 

 nutritious food. W. C. S. 



mill, as well as a Barley-flour mill, for grinding the 

 refuse corn, Beans, &c., for feeding purposes ; a saw 

 mill, and other conveniences. The cart-wheel felloes 

 are cut out in segments by the machinery of the engine, 

 and much other work done by steam agency. Mr. 

 Hudson has 40 work horses and 1 8 working bullocks. 

 The latter work double (? half) shifts, viz., two oxen in 

 a plough — he keeps four ploughs at work 10 hours a day, 

 and they plough from one and a quarter to one and 

 a- half acres daily each plough. The straw is cut into 

 chaff ; the Turnips are sliced, and other roots are cut 

 by the steam machinery. Mr. Hudson has two suits of 

 clothes, one fine and the other coarse, and his wife has 

 a beautiful shawl, all of their own wool. As for a 

 Thistle growing on the farm, you might safely offer a 

 guinea for it ; and the land is, for 1400 acres, like a gar- I 

 den. Women and boys are constantly employed picking 

 £P every stray weed, and sometimes they contract for it 

 »y the acre. Altogether, the farm, the farmer, and the 

 style of farming, is such as few Cumberland farmers 

 caa have any idea of. A Farmer in the Cumberland 

 Racquet. 



* A storm crossing England from west to east, but probably 

 lying a long way off to the northward. 



t A storm coming from the south and westward, and 

 curving across England and Scotland, to the eastward ; pro- 

 bably passing by Copenhagen, np the Baltic. 



X This storm crossed southern England, and, as I conjec- 

 ture, went over France ; but it was probably of small diameter, 

 and at a very considerable altitude, being an upper current, 

 and the precursor of the succeeding storm. 



§ This storm came from south, probably up the Irish Channel, 

 and crossed England to the eastward ; on Monday afternoon I 

 travelled through the centre of it from London to Dorchester, 

 being most palpably in the storm's-eye, with a bright sky over 

 and around us, with a continuous low dark horizon on every 

 side, of clouds slowly wheeling round us as on a pivot. 



II At 5 p.m. of the 11th, whilst the upper scud was still 

 travelling from north-west, the wind changed, and a heavy 

 bank crept along from south of west. This was a storm* s-eye 

 crossing the south of England, and going away to the east- 

 ward. 



U A storm coming from the Bay of Biscay, passing over Nor- 

 mandy and the British Channel. 



** A storm coming from the westward, and crossing England 

 to the eastward. 



Dorchester, March 19th. F. P. B. M. 



{To be continued.) 



COVENT GARDEN, Maach 22. 

 Good Pine-apples are somewhat scarce, and dessert Pears 

 are nearly over for this season. Apples are also scarce. 

 Oranges and Lemons are plentiful. Nuts remain nearly the- 

 ■ame as last week. A few forced Strawberries have made their 

 appearance. Vegetables of all kinds are abundant and good. 

 French Beana and Cucumbers are now plentifully supplied. 

 Carrots and Turnips are good in quality. Potatoes are a trifle 

 dearer. Lettuces and other salading are sufficient for the de - 

 mand. The best Mushrooms fetch Is. 3d. per pottle. Cut 

 Flowers consist of Heaths, Pelargoniums, Camellias, Migno- 

 nette, Double Primroses, Stephanotis floribunda, Cinerarias, 

 Moss and Provins Roses, and the different kinds of spring 

 bulbs. 



FRUIT. 

 Pine-apples, per lb., 6s to 10s . Oranges, per doz., 9d to 2s 

 Grapes,Portugal,p.lb.,lsto2s6d [ — per 100, 6s to 10s 



Strawberries, per oz., 2s 

 Pears, per doz., 2s to 5s 



— per half sieve, 6s to 15s 

 Apples,de8sert,p.bush.,6s tolOs 



— kitchen do., 5s to 8s 

 Lemons, per doz., Is to 2s 

 Almonds, per peck, 6s 



— sweet, per lb., 2s to 3s 



VEGETABLES. 

 Brussels Sprouts, p. hf. sieve, | Shallots, per lb., 6dtols 



Seville, p. 100, 7s to 14s 



— — p. doz., Is to 2s 6d 

 Chestnuts, per peck, 2s to 5s 



— per 100, 9d to Is 6d 

 Nuts, Barcelona, per bush, 20 



to 22s 



— Brazil, p, bsh., 12s to 14 g 

 Cobs, per 100 lbs., 70s to 75s 



Miscellaneous. 



M<'. Mechi and the Poor.— Mr. Mechi, with those 

 j. e £ m ?P of philanthropy which characterise him, and a 

 ^Derahty we wish every other farmer was in a condition 

 w mutate, has been showing himself thoughtful of the 



Poor, not by acts of indiscriminate charity, but the true 

 oenevolen^A nf fiiT-nich;™ +v.~«« _.u- — lltj ^ 



hav 



m* °x , ce of fumishin g those who would otherwise 



we stood unwillingly idle, with a winter's employment 



eeimg that it is thus the security of property, of whicl 



hf» lw j — «*-v,vu.*i,j ui property, oi which 



wLTlu at hls g atherin S> and the singular exemption 

 W t J le . once notorious Tiptree Heath now enjoys 

 EnnT 1 ^ 1 commitments c an be best maintained. 



womanly Mr. M. employs 19 men and boys regularly 



Calendar of Operations. 



MARCH. 

 Dorset Faem.— We have now finished Barley sowing, under 

 the most favourable circumstances; for the weather has 

 hitherto been all that could be wished. We had a great quan- 

 tity of rain during the winter, but it cleared away so moderately 

 that the land did not suffer at all, as it sometimes does from 

 succeeding drought ; and every description of work is well ad- 

 vanced. We have still a piece of Rape to eat off, and are to 

 sow Oats after it, which we will have done this month. The 

 Rape was sown last season, before the Turnips were put in, and 

 is now being fed off a second time by the chilver hogs (year-old 

 ewes), as it is very strong ; and to prevent a tendency which it 

 had to scour, we have it cut off two or three days before it is 

 eaten, and the effect is very good, as the sheep eat it better ; 

 and being cut off close to the ground, the ploughing can be 

 much better done, while the sheep thrive very well. I believe, 

 that like most other vegetables, when it is a little withered, it 

 is deprived of its acrid taste, and rendered more palatable to 

 the animals. We are now getting out our dung, so that it may 

 lie in heaps in the fields, and get a little rotted before the Tur- 

 nip season commences ; as, at that time, we like to get over the 

 work as quickly as possible ; for it is too often the case, that 

 Turnips are a poor crop, from not being put in in the proper 

 time ; and often for the sake of a few Vetches, which might be 

 done without. We should never, under ordinary circumstances, 

 delay the last sowing longer than the end of June. We shall 

 u. ow be patting in our Grass seeds, which we shall harrow in, 



Is to Is 6d 

 Cabbages, per doz., Is to Is 6d 

 6reens,p. doz. bunches,4s to 6s 

 Cauliflowers, p. doz., Is 6d to 4s 

 Broccoli,p.doz.bundl.,7s to 12s 

 French Bean8,p.l00,ls6dto2s6d 

 Seakale, per punnet, 6d to 2s 

 Asparagus, per 100, 4s to 10s 

 Rhubarb, p. bundl., 6d to Is 2d 

 Potatoes, per ton, 60s to 100 



— per cwt., 3s to 6s 



— per bush.,18 6d to 3s 

 Turnips, p. doz. bundl., Is to 2s 

 Cucumbers, each, Is to 3s 

 Radishes, per doz., Is to Is 6d 

 Celery, p. bundle, 6d to Is 6d 

 Carrots, per doz., 2s to 5s 

 Spinach, per sieve, Is to Is 6d 

 Onions, p. bunch, 3d to 4d 



— Spanish, p. doz., Is6d to 4s 

 Leeks, per doz., 9d to Is 



Garlic, per lb., 4d to 8d 

 Artichokes, Jerusalem, p. half 



sieve, Is to Is Cd 

 Lettuce, Cab., p. score, 6d to 9d 



— Cos, per score, Is to ls6d 

 Endive, per score, Is to Is 6d 

 Small Salads, p. punn.,2d to 3d 

 Horse Radish, p. bundl., is to 4s 

 Red Beet, per doz., 6d to Is 

 Mushrooms, p. pot., 9d tola 3d 

 Sorrel, per hf. sieve, 6d to 9d 

 Fennel, per bunch, 2d to 3d 

 Savory, per bunch, 2d to 3d 

 Thyme, per bunch, 2d to 3d 

 Parsley, per doz. bun., 2s to 3s 



— Roots, p. bundl. 9d to Is 

 Marjoram, per bunch, 2d to 4 d 

 Mint, green, perbunch,4d to 6d 

 Watercress, p. 12bunch.,6d to9d 

 Corn Salad,p,h£sieve,lstols6d 



HAY.— Per Load of 36 Trusses. 

 Smithfield, March 20. 



Prime Meadow Hay 75s to 80s 



Inferior ditto... 

 Rowen 



New Hay 



• •• 



... 



• • • 



63 



60 



70 

 65 



• •• 



• • » 



• • m 



-•• 



Clover 

 Second cut ... 

 Straw 



#•• 



Fine Old Hay 

 Inferior ditto 

 New Hay 

 Old Clover 



«•• 



• *• 



• •» 



A short supply. 

 White chapel, March 20. 

 70s to 75s I New Clover 

 60 65 Inferior ditto... 

 — — I Straw 

 78 54 



70s to 80s 

 63 72 

 23 28 



J. COOFEE. 



• • - 



• • • 



• t « 



• • • 



- • • 



—8 tO — 6 



60 65 

 24 26 



COAL MARKET.— Fbid at, March 21. 

 Wallsend Riddell 13s. ; Wailsend Braddyll's 15s. ; Walls- 

 end Haswell, Ids. 6d. ; Wallsend Hetton, 15s. 3d. ; Wallsend 

 Lambton. 15s.; Wallsend Stewarts, 15s. 8d.; Wallsend 

 Adelaide Tees, 14g. 6d. ; Wallsend Tees. 15s. 3d.— Shins at 

 market, 101. * 



