



13 



1851.J 



THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 



201 



I MRU VI AN GUANO. 

 CAUTION To AGRICULTURISTS. 



C It beinf notorious that extensive adulteration* of this 



mavTRE are still carried on, „^^ a 



Mi>L ANTONY OIBB3 AND SOX3, 



AS THE 



OVLY IMPORTERS OF PERUVIAN GUANO, 



it to be their duty to the Peruvian Government and 

 ~~S# Public again to recommend Farmers and all others who 

 * lo be carefulW on their guard. 



^character of the parties from whom they purchase will of 

 ha the beat security, and in addition to particular atten- 

 7h*t ooiot. ANTONY GIBBS and SONS think it well 



1 



m to that poiot, 

 * "remind buyers that— 



j%e lowest wholesale price at which sound 

 /sjjuo has been sold by them during the last 

 u 9L $*. per *°n, less 2 4 per cent. 



An? resales made by Dealers at a lower price mu 

 lifter leate a lo*s to them, or t he article must be a 





 

 

 



HE LONDON MANURE COMPANY beg to 



offer, as under, CORN MANURE, most valuable for 



3 ring dressing— Concentrated Urate, Superphosphate of Lime, 

 Urate of Soda, Sulphate of Ammonia, Fishery aud Agricul- 

 tural Salts, Gypsum, Fossil Bones, Sulphuric Acid, and every 

 Sher Artificial Manure; also a constant supply of English 

 and Foreign Linseei-cake. Peruvian Guano, guaranteed nhe 

 renaine importation of Messrs. A. Gibbs and Sons, 91. 10s. per 

 ton or 01. 5s. in quantities of 5 tons and upwards. 



' Edward Purser, Secretary. 

 40. Bridge-s treet, Blackfriars, London. 



ANUR£S.— The following Manures are manu- 

 factured Ct Mr. La web's Factory, Deptford Creek : 

 Clover Manure, per ton ... ... ... ...£L1 



Turnip Manure, do. ... ... ... ... 7 



Superphosphate of Lime 7 



Sulphuric Acid and Coprolites ... ... 5 



Office, 69, King WUliam-street, City, London. 

 N.B. Peruvian Guano, guaranteed to contain 16 per cent, of 

 Ammonia, 91. 10s. per ton ; and for 5 tons or more, 91. 5s. per 

 ton, in dock. Sulphat e of Ammoni a, & c. 



GUANO AND OTHER MANURES.— Peruvian 

 Guano of the finest quality; Superphosphate of Lime ; 

 Gypsum ; Salt ; Nitrate of Soda ; Molfac's Patent Concentrated 

 City Sewage Manure, and ail others of known value. — Apply to 

 Maa k Fot h esq ill. I, Upper Thames-street, Loudon. 



PHOSPHATE NODULES, or COPROLITES 

 F<>- LL BONES (from the Suffolk Crag). — Manufac- 

 turers of Superphosphate of Lime can be supplied with the 

 above, eitner in their natural form or finely pulverised, on the 

 best terms, f. o. b. or delivered in the Thames. 



Applications to Edward Packard, Chemist, Saxmundham, 

 Suffolk, will receive prompt attention. 



IKISH PEAT CHARCOAL. 

 TO i VRMERS, AGRICULTURISTS, AND OTHERS. 



MESSRS. ODAMS and PICKFORD, 35, Leaden- 

 hall-street, having been appointed by the Irish Ameliora- 

 tion Society sole Agents, for London, for the sale of their 

 PEAT, CHARCOAL, beg to say full particulars of prices, «fcc, 

 may be obtained on application to them. 



Odams and Pickford, 35, Leadenhall-street, City. 



r\ESICCATED ANIxMAL MANURE.-ZThis 



U Manure, which has proved so enr neatly successful in the 

 culture of both Cereal and Green Crops, can now be had of the 

 Manufacturers, J. M'Call and Co., 60, Spring Gardens, Man- 

 chester; Ritchie and M'Call, 137, Houndsditch, London • and 

 of all Agents. Price 11. per ton.— Copies of Analysis and Tes- 

 timonial* forwarded post free on application. Agents wanted. 



DATENT CREOSOTED FISH FOR MANURE. 



f- — This manure is composed entirely of animal matter 

 The analysis of an eminent chemist states that one ton of the 

 prepared fish contains 263 lbs. of ammonia. 150lbs. of phosphate 

 of lime, and 39 lbs. of potash. It will be seen that they contain 

 all the manuring properties of the best guano, and as they can- 

 not be adulterated, they will be found to be a most useful 

 manure for Potatoes, Wheat, Oats, Carrots, and all root crops. 



[n?h! p°» f 76 th f P r °P ertv of Preventing the Potato disease. 

 All the Potatoes planted with them last year, produced irood 



£T' r u ± we ™ eQt rt irel y preserved from the disease, although 

 the neighbouring fields greatly suffered. See Report of the 



aXL? CUit ? r t l ?, 0Clety of Dec ' 1 2 • ■ 85 °- " rice «• P^ ton. 



S«J vr n lTtd bj L Mr - HENEr HlLL ' CorQ Exchange, Mark- 



4 M. 1 f'i GE0R r GE BD8H ' **' Abchurch-lane ; and Mr. Bennett, 

 ^ Mark-lane, Lo ndon. 



^^ERPHOSPH ATE of LIME, Manufactured from 



■^ Bone and Animal Matter, is superior to Guano for Turnip 

 and other Green Crops, whilst the cost is much less. The reputa- 

 tion ot this Manure is, however, likely to be injured from the 

 feet of some makers using Coprolites, which is only one-third 

 the price of Bone ; yet they try to persuade their customers it 

 u a* good as Bone, but it is a delusion— the cheapness of the 

 Coprolites being iheir only inducement. There are many 

 hundreds of tons of this ground stone nowbeing used annually 

 therefore the agriculturists should be upon their guard and 

 only purchase where it is manufactured from Bone, as in these 

 toys of cheapness the farmers should purchase only the best 

 Manures. 



Those Farmers who have convenience for making their own 

 Superphosphate can be supplied with Crushed Bone and Sul- 

 phuric Acid at the lowest market price. H. J. Hunt & Co. 

 Bone Mills and Manure Works, Broad-street, Lambeth 



Established, 1816. 



MANURE DEPOT.-PEAT CHARCOAL. 

 TO FARMERS, AGRICULTURISTS, AND OTHERS. 



G. I i , .^ 0LEY ' Essex Coal Wharf > Lea-bridge, 



ratinn e.? 6 *? ^ *& ent , b * appointment to the Irish Ameiio- 

 ^on Society, tor the sale of ihe above. All needful particu- 



P* , e P ven on a PP u cation at the above address. 



*S\ e T X , e( l- CharCOa1 ' m *' P er t0D ' 8acks included. 

 J^^tthNig htsoil, 45s. per ton, sacks included. 



° T ? PUBLIC SALE, at the New CornlE^hanVe 



ImnnUZL y u° rder ot Me88vs - Antosv Gibbs and Sons the 



SSK/Sd'f U °^ T0NS DAMAG£ D PERUVIAN GUANO 

 Rccki! «n/S further P arti culars in due time, from J. a. | 

 CKr' Br0ktt - ™> C ~ial Sale Rooms,* ' 



MEADOW AND PASTURK GRASS SEtfDS. 



GEORGE GIBBS and CO. beg to notice their 

 mixtures of GRASS SEEDS for Laying Land down to 

 Permanent Grass, are now ready for delivery. Thev have 

 reduced the price to 30s. per acre, allowing 2 bushe'.s 12 lbs. to 

 the acre. 



Mixed sorts for improving old Grass Land, Is. 2d. per lb. 



Fine sorts, for forming Lawns. Is. 3d. per lb. Directions for 

 sowing will accompany the Seeds. 



George Gibbs and Co. will feel happy in sending general 

 priced Catalogues of Agricultural and Garden Seeds, on appli- 

 cation to 26, DOWN-STREET. Piccadilly. London. 



GRASS AND OTHER SEEDS. 



THOMAS GIBBS and Co., the Seedsmen to the 

 u Royal Agricultural Society of England," corner of 



Half Moon-Street, Piccadilly, beg to call the attention 

 of Their friends to the following S€ed3 : 



Mixtures of selected Natural Grasses for laying dowa Land 

 to permanent Meadows and Pastures, apportioned to suit the 

 nature of the soil. 



Mixtures for portions of Parks near Mansions. 



Mixtures for Garden Lawns and Grass Plots. 



Mixtures for renovating Old PaBture Land. 



Italian, and other Rye-grasses. 



White Belgian and Red Aitringham Carrots. 



Gibbs' new very large Parsnip. 



Orange Globe Mangold Wurzel. 



Long Red and other kinds. 



Drumhead and Thousaud-headed Cabbages. 



Swedes, Hybrids, and othtr Turnips. 



Clovers, Kohl Rabi, French and English Furze. 



Sainfoin, Rape, Tares, White Mustard, and all Agricultural 

 and Kitchen Garden Seeds, &c. 



Priced Lists are now ready, and will be forwarded free, on 

 application, by post, or otherwise, to corner of Half Moon- 

 street, Piccadilly, London. 



2ufie agricultural ©alette 



MARCH 



[JOSE FOR LIQUID MANURE, Fire-engine, 



«o»ted 11th a *" c . ultur * 1 Purpose*, made of canvass, lined and 



>«ther o^Li« a K 1 K Urcba -i, it U ab0(lt °"">-third the price of 

 » hear. r?J lR ' rub .^ e ^ wlU ° n *«J liquids of all kinds under 



WbUrwo P r^ r ,t.. lt h 1, .h Iten8Uely H8ed at tbe Government 

 xton* „ °i 9 ; * !so . b J th . e naTT . *nd amongst agriculturists 



Sen of C M« i at R faC,i0 °- Jsa«°nlal. and prices may be 



»a°uf!ctn *s x'l £f V *°? K *& 103 ' New sate.street, »ale 

 Dean. ^» f -— Lon , don *?*"** ■ Messrs. Deane, Drav and 



C& . S 7 n4ane J Messr »- TiUey, Blackfriars-road.-Countrv 

 toTa '£?*"■ Ransome »nd- Prions, Ipswich ; Me.sr, / 



584 SSa tent ; MM8rfc Dlckson « Httu ~ i 



MEETINGS FUH THE FOLLOWING WEEK. 



WiDNIlOlT, April 2— Agricultural Societr of Ennlaud. 



Tbumdai, — 3-Agricu tural Im p. Soc. of Ireland. 



A correspondent asks us, what small farmers are 

 to do to meet the times — " how those who occupy 

 50 acres of plough land, and 10 or 12 of Grass, of 

 whom there are hundreds in his neighbourhood, 

 cultivating very carelessly, paying a high rent, and, 

 therefore, grudging to lay out Is. more than 

 absolutely necessary for labour, are to withstand 

 low prices ?" Now, this is a landlord's, as well as 

 a tenant's question. The latter, certainly, where 

 small farms are the rule, have hardly an alternative ; 

 they must remain ; for if they leave their land, no 

 other means of livelihood seems open for them, 

 unless, indeed, they should resolve to emigrate, 

 which, by the way, is probably the best thing that 

 many of them could do ; but we may suppose that 

 both the parties to this case are men of business, 

 and able to resolve on what may, on the whole, 

 be best for both ; the tenant has the escape of 

 emigration, and his landlord, that of a personal 

 occupation of the land, from the loss to both 

 of non-cultivation — and to neither is his choice 

 a very tempting one. Let them then accom- 

 modate their relations to the circumstances of 

 the case ; let the " high rents M of their farms be 

 lowered as their produce is in value. Let them be 

 converted into corn-rents ; and supposing them in 

 former times to have been converted into grain at 

 the prices then obtainable, let the tenant pay a 

 rent the value of those bushels now. This would 

 be the first step needed. He would be encouraged 

 to exert himself when he had the prospect of 

 success which this would offer. 



Our further observations must be directed to the 

 two very different classes under which small 

 farmers may be arranged — the one with scanty 

 means, depending almost wholly on the labour of 

 themselves and families, the other having ample 

 means and employing labour. To both, however, we 

 may safely say, farming 



fits, after that large margin is deducted, which skill in 

 marketing allows, will hinge almost entirely upon 

 attention to details — upon the use you make of the 

 minutes of the time at your control, upon the mode 

 in which the pennies of your outlay are invested ; 

 and this remark applies to agriculture on a larger 

 scale as well. If the farmer is to make a liveli- 

 hood, the longer his experience the surer will he be 

 to bear us out in saying that it must be by constant 

 superintendence of the labour he employs, and the 

 means at his command. Both classes then of 

 farmers on the smaller scale may benefit by this 

 kind of economy. For those who have to fight with 

 straitened means, the " Essay on Small Farms," by 

 the late Mr. Blacker, of Armagh, and the " Tract on 

 Agricultural Economy, as the Remedy for Agricul- 

 tural Distress," by Mr. Owen Roberts, are the proper 

 text books. Let them study and adopt the plans 

 there recommended ; and, in stall-feeding, in the 

 growth of winter food for their stock, in the proper 

 selection of crops, Rape and Rye and Cabbages, and 

 Mangold Wurzel and Italian Rye-grass, as food for 

 sheep and cattle ; and Flax, a crop especially suited 

 for farming on a garden scale, as an addition to the 

 crops they grow for sale ; in the adoption of a right 

 rotation of their crops ; in a strict attention to the 

 maxims of universal application in agriculture ; the 

 destruction of weeds, the drainage of the land, the 

 levelling of useless hedgerows and divisions ; and, 

 above all, the saving and the careful use of every- 



thing that will increase the dun^-heap— they will 

 find their only chance of profit. There is no dex- 

 I terous mode of extrication possible ; it is by careful 

 I and attentive plodding in the path which has long 

 ' enough been known to all good farmers, that their 

 only chance of safety is attainable. They are said 

 to cultivate their land "carelessly;" well, on the 

 substitution of carefulness and energy and in- 

 dustry for this, their only prospect of a live- 

 lihood depends. And if any one objects that 

 we are offering them the veriest A B C of agri- 

 cultural advice, our reply must be, that not the 

 alphabet alone but all of what is useful in the whole 

 literature of agriculture is included in the substitu- 

 tion of intelligence and energy for careless listless- 

 ness in farm management. Let no one think that 

 scientific men, or enthusiastic agriculturists, will 

 ever teach him how to make his farming pay — they 

 will teach him well how to make his farming yield 

 abundantly of food— they will teach him also to 

 economise his means, and use them economically — 

 and they will benefit him by the excitement, whether 

 of his hope or jealousy—but any benefit they confer 

 upon the art just fans the competition of its prac- 

 titioners among themselves for the labour and the 

 land on which the prosecution of the art depends ; 

 and profits, after all that they have taught us, will 

 then, as always hitherto, hinge upon the personal 

 industry and energy of each. We believe, then, 

 that small farmers of the class referred to would 

 be benefited, if they could be induced to receive 

 the lessons of Messrs. Blacker and Roberts, and 

 apply the rules there given to their ordinary and 

 daily practice. 



For those whose means enable them to carry on a 

 still more vigorous style of farming — the use of 

 artificial manures, and the purchase of cattle food 

 now cheaper than it was, seem to be the likeliest 

 helps. This deep tillage, thorough drainage, and 

 the right selection of crops for cultivation, are the 

 four great points on which the success of high 

 farming depends. We recommend all such to 

 read Mr. Cuthill's statements in the Gardeners' 

 Chronicle, of what these points enable market 

 gardeners, near London, to accomplish. 



A WORD TO THE FARMER ABOUT GROWING 



WHEAT. 

 F 



i, it is said, so far from making a profit from 

 their land, are farming at a loss, and sinking their 

 capital to pay their men. Assuming this, or something 

 like this, to be the fact, I have ventured to publish tie 

 results of my practice in growing Wheat. With no 

 earthly object in view, but the fulfilment of what I con- 

 ceived to be a duty, I have shown that, acting on some 

 of the principles of Jethro Tull, while I differ wholly 

 from him in practice, I am making, as droprietor, a 

 profit of 11. ; hoping to increase that profit to 8/. an 



This is so startling a result ; so much at variance 

 with common experience ; of such infinite importance 

 at the present moment, that I have not thought it un- 

 becoming in me to press it on the attention of all 

 earnest men. I ask them fearlessly to prove the system 

 I follow, to the bottom. If it be found healthy, long 

 life to it — if unsound, let it die without pity. 



With reference to the call made upon me for further 

 information, I meet it most willingly by the following 

 statement, which replies, I believe, to every question of 

 importance proposed by " Amicus Tull." For other 

 details, if they are required, I refer to thejpamphlet 

 itself, which contains them all. 



In the first edition of the " Word in Season," published 

 November, 1849, I commenced by stating, " My Wheat 

 is coming up well." In the sixth edition, published 

 November, 1850, I was enabled to say, " The plant of 

 Wheat, which just twelve months ago I described as 

 coming up well, fulfilled its promise. In spite of the 

 midge, the mildew, and the frost, the produce was 

 upwards of 33 bushels to the acre." Seeing this result, 

 after so untoward a season, I took in hand another 

 field of several acres, in order to prove that with 

 suitable implements on Wheat land, the system 

 I followed might be carried out with ease, economy, 

 and expedition, to any extent. The field I speak 

 of had just been in Wheat, and the stubble was 

 standing. It is good useful land, but light ; and so 

 far not so suited to my purpose as the strongest clay 

 field on my farm of 400 acres. In other respects 

 nothing could be better. It is very accessible, adjoins 

 the public road, and so is open to constant inspection ; 

 and, to make it complete, it has not, I believe, known 

 a bare fallow in the memory of man. Having 

 adopted a set of implements to the cultivation of 

 this field, year after year, for Wheat, I entered upon 

 my work at once.^ It was now October. Another 

 year I shall be earlier in getting in my seed ; the latter 

 end of August, or the beginning of September ; 

 that being a security, 5 years out of 6, against the blight. 

 I first ploughed the short stubble an inch deeper than 

 the used staple. After harrowing and cleaning and 

 levelling the whole, I marked out the channels for the 

 seed with my presser implement, which is drawn with 

 one horse, and presses two lands at once. The following 

 sketch gives the frame of the implement, with the presser 

 wheels at work ; the channels for the Wheat bei™ ™-» 

 foot apart, and the intervals three feet 



