IS— \9S\A 



THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 



205 



*g*« 



eulti 

 cure 



lit can 

 roots i 





•arded 



the bringing together of such improved 



fa*, exhibits the MM green crop*, nuou »« 

 t; rt^est difficulties, and not to amateur farmers or 

 5& cult vators. Agricultural exhibitions have been 

 SJaoental in a great measure in reforming the per- 



systems of Irish fanning. The annual exhibition 

 tbe different descriptions of stock will ever afford a 

 c$l proof of the progress and advantages of rural 

 Unrovement. For example "the exposition of agricul- 

 tural machines for diminishing labour and increasing 



economic h 



fcceeds of animals possessing an aptituae 10 arrive at 

 ggriy maturitv, or of fattening quickly on little food, 

 cannot but afford a striking and convincing contrast 

 irith those implements of rude mechanism, and unknown 

 design and of those cattle unseemly in their propor- 

 , a^lunkind in their feeding, and contemporaneous 

 with that pseudo-husbandry which patronizes them. 

 Such is the way to strike at the deep-rooted preju- 

 dices of uneducated farmers ; such the way to pro- 

 voke their friendly criticisms — the honest conflict 

 of opinion, which must terminate in healthful re- 

 sults. The proceedings of the exhibition are gene- 

 rally closed, by the convivial meeting at dinner of 

 the' several interested parties. It is to be regretted 

 that the majority of the speeches delivered at such 

 dinners are marked by the absence of that superior 

 knowledge directly bearing upon the advanced systems 

 of agriculture, either tending to elucidate an improve- 

 ment or satisfy a recognised principle. It is equally to 

 be regretted, that the farmers only meet annually at 

 the festive board, where friendly connexions can be so 

 easilv formed in new acquaintances. Where neighbour 

 describes to neighbour his system of management for 

 the past, and his intentions for the present year — stating 

 them with an important secresy — with an humble am- 

 bition of honest pride— the consciousness of successful 

 industry. Now what better means exist for the self- 

 edification of farmers, than the holding of periodical 

 meetings for the discussion of practical matters, cal- 

 culated not only to rectify error— to advance improve- 

 ment, but to corroborate and place on a firm basis 

 scientific truths ? It is in such associations as these, 

 where the practical and scientific man can best under- 

 stand each other's motives, where the former cannot 

 exceed the confines of science's laws, or the latter 

 indulge in impracticable speculations. Here is the 

 place for the landlord and agent to meet and instruct 

 their tenants — to familiarise themselves with their habits 

 and dispositions — to found a confidence in the rectitude of 

 their motives — to conciliate and fix their shifting prin- 

 ciples, and shape them into profitable action. But as 

 it is- " 



of their tenantry— agents are represented by private 

 friends, and thus the homely farmers drink to their 

 "next merry meeting" — conscious of the good it is 

 capable of bestowing, and anxious for its more frequent 

 occurrence. The practical instruction of the adult 

 population consists in sending out practical agriculturists 

 to the most distressed districts in the South and West 

 of Ireland, to initiate the farmers into a better system 

 of husbandry. The plan originated with the Earl of 

 Clarendon, and was executed in the autumn of 1847, 

 and excepting certain intervals — occasioned by deficient 

 funds— continued up to the present. Libra, Feb. 11. 



Bituminous Shale Manure.— For the information of 

 your correspondent " W. B. Harvard," I may acquaint 

 you that last year I tried a number of experiments upon 

 the growth of Turnips with various manures, one of 

 which was the bituminous shale manure. I put nearly 

 *n equal value of each sort of manure, and those 

 manured with the shale were by far the worst crop of 

 »e lot. These were grown upon light land without 

 fan-yard manure, and I put about 30s. per acre value 

 upon each, .drilled with the seed. I should think the 

 <*op with the shale manure was not equal to more than 

 Wf of any of the others. Its inferiority was so apparent 

 *fl to satisfy me that no test by actual weight was re- 

 paired. W.P.J. 



Quantity of Water running from the Main Drain of a 

 0-acre field, drained 3 ft. 6 in. and 4 ft. deep, the dis- 

 tance between the drains varying from 9 to 12 yards, 

 * ; " J ".ng to the nature of the soil ; 50 • gallons per 

 ^ute, 72,000 per day, 26,280,000 per year, equal to 

 •wM 117,321 tons. Reckoning that 40 inches of rain 

 (about our average in this part of England) is equal to 

 **>ut 4080 tons per acre, 81,600 tons would fall on 20 

 J**; deduct 81,600 from 117,321, as above, and the 



inerence is 35,721 tons more of water annually run- 

 ning [from the drain than falls upon the land in rain ; or, 



ouier words, little more than two-thirds of the water 

 ning f rom the drain ig contributed b the rain faU . 



^surface of that field. T. W. T., Cheshire. [Do yoS 

 Jte the 26,000,000 per annum as a fact, or only as a 



IsT i ! n from the asce rtained 50 gallon* per minute ? 

 J * we latter constant ?] 



Parkins, Mr. Pickin, Mr. Rowlandsou, .. ^,„ w , 



Mr. Shelley, Mr. H. A. Smith, and Prof. Way. 

 The following new members were elected : 



Robinson, Thomas, Burton-on-Trent, Staffordshire. 

 Mordev, John G., Sunderland, Durham. 

 Whitford, C, St. Column, Cornwall. 

 PoUok, Allan, jun., Broom, Glasgow. 

 Lloyd, T. D., Bromwydd, Carmarthen. 



Gaskell, Charles Thomas, Fulzner House. Gerrard's «•««« 

 Buckinghamshire. ■ 



Jones, Edward, Brtdgewater, Somerset. 



Methley, Willoughby, Hoath-courr., Blean, Canterbury. 



Donovan, Alexander, Framfield, Uckfield, Sussex. 



The names of nine candidates for election at the next 

 meeting were then read. 



Communications were received from the Marquis of 

 Downshire, the Mayor of Manchester, Mr. Hill Dick- 

 son, and Mr. Donlan. 



Mr. Key, of Newgate-street, who recently submitted 

 to the inspection of the Council a gutta percha pump for 

 liquid manure, had leave to show to the members, at 

 this meeting, the operation of his new Turnip-cutter, by 

 means of a neat working model, constructed by him for 

 the occasion. 



Professor Wat kindly consented to deliver a lecture 

 before the members in the Council-room of the Society, 

 on Wednesday, the 14th of May, at 12 o'clock, " On 

 the agricultural employment of common salt." 



The Council then adjourned to their monthly meeting, 

 on Wednesday next, the 2d of April. 



METEOROLOGICAL REPORT March. 



(Continued from page 189.) 



Date. 



Tues. 18 



Time. 



Max. 



6.53 a.m. 

 5.5 p.m. 



29.67 



Min. 



Wind.— Weath e». 



• •• 



8 p.m. 29.61 



* * • 



29.57 



• • • 



19 7.20 a.m. 



t 



8.40 p.m. 



11.5 p.m 



t 



20 7.30 a.m 



2.15 p.m 



8.30 p.m 



10.5 p.m 



29.59 



* • ■ 



29.29 



• • • 



S. a m. Moderate breeze, 

 and raining fast all day. 



At 5 p.m. WSW. ; less wind, 

 and fine. 



8 p.m. W. Brisk breeze ; 

 fine evening. 



29.28 



• • • 



- 



29.25 



landlords are absentees from the social meetings 



il 



21 



22 



7.30 a.m. 

 12.40 p.m. 



2.30 p.m. 



• • • 



• ■ • 



29.21 



10.50 p.m. 

 7.35 a.m. 



29.17 

 29.14 



29.20 

 29.20 



• » • 



29.16 



- • * 



§ 



Sun. 23 



6 p.m. 



10.10 p.m. 



7.10 a.m. 



10 p.m 

 24 7.10 a.m. 



L0.40 p.m 



28.96 



• • t 



29.10 



7.20 SSW. Moderate breeze ; 

 at 11, blowing hard at S. t 

 and raining fast, with baro- 

 meter falling steadily, all 

 day. 



At 8 40 p.m. wind more to 

 E. of S., and barometer ap- 

 parently rising. 



Sight hazy and overcast. 



SSW. a.m. Blowing haid; 



fine. 

 S. and fine, afternoon. 

 S. ditto, evening. 



. . * 



. • • 



. . . 



. • • 



29.24 



• • • 



29.64 



28.56 

 28.57 



2891 



• • • 



29.40 



• * • 



SSE. Brisk breeze ; showery. 

 SSW. Blowing hard ; ditto. 



SSW. at 2.30. The wind, 

 which had lulled since 

 noon, recommenced harder 

 than ever, and the baro- 

 meter had again fallen. 



The wind continued at SSW. 

 all day. 



Blowing hard with heavy 

 rain, SSE., and barometer 

 falling rapidly ail day. 



6 p.m. ESE. Wind began to 

 veer ; ditto wea.her. 



ESE. Less wind. Densely 



dark. 

 WNW. Squally. 3 p.m. W. 



5.30 SW. Barometer rising 



steadily all day ; stiff 



breeze, and fine. 



Wind falling light. 



7.10 NtfW. 11.30 NW. Brisk. 



Fine day ; barometer rising 

 steadily. 



N'ight calm. Barometer still 



rising. 



' 



» 1 1 All these storms came from the south-west, and from 

 the rapidity with which they succeeded each, must have been 

 of small diameter ; crossing Eng and to the eastward. 



I! This storm also came from tbe soucb-west, and went off to 

 the north-and-ea3tward. 



§ Daring the passage of this storm, my b irometer fell to u 

 lower point than I have noticed during more than two years ; 

 and from the extreme violence of the wind ani the opposite 

 quarters from which it blew duriug the fall and rise of the 

 barometer, I think I may fairly adduce it as an argument 

 (were one needed) of the truth of the conclusions 1 have 

 arrived at in reference to previous currents, in which a similar 

 change took place, though with less violence of wiud, from a 

 southerly quarter, with a failing barometer, to a northerly 

 quarter, rising. 



Dorchester, March 26 h. • jr % P. B. M t 



( To be continued.) 





country both of raising the crop and treatijoFiT^^r 

 harvest, he should procure and study the pamphlet by 

 Mr. Deman Mr. Warnes' argument is, for the most 

 part, levelled, like that of Mr. Ferrand, against the 

 cotton manufacturer, and of course it is, to some extent 

 inspired by party feeling on the political changes of late 

 years. Had _it been written during the present year 

 which has witnessed M. Claussen's efforts to 'prepare* 

 the Flax for manufacture by the existing machinery of 

 our cotton mills, it would probably have been still more 

 energetic, and rather more practical. The short state- 

 ment by * A Tenant Farmer" simply directs attention to 

 Flax culture as a profitable opening for the farmer in 

 cases where the cultivation of Wheat and growth of beef 

 may have landed him in loss. And the pamphlet by 

 Mr. E. Deman gives, as we have said, in full detail, the 

 information which is needed to enable any one to culti- 



vate^the crop himself, and prepare its produce for the 

 market. 





Notices to Correspondents. 



Books : E D will feel much obliged if any one will name a rood 

 book on the management or diseases of ferrets, as he finds 

 them very delicate animals. 



Cow*: DACantzb. We should prefer Cabbase to Kohl Rabi 

 per acre; Bohl Rabi to Cabbage per ton. If yon grow them, 

 at equal expense grow Cabbage ; if you buy them at equal 

 expense buy Kohl Rabi. Gardner's Turnip-cutter will chop 

 up Carrots ; but no cutter will hinder c.ws from overloading 

 themselves, or even from choking on their food, if they once 

 get into the han't. About horse- stalls next week 



Implements: Devonknsis. If you take credit for the value of 



them at the end of your year, which your inventory on 

 taking stock will give you, then the balance will appear in 

 the loss account of your balance sheet. 

 Laying down to Grass: RC. Your best plan is to till the 

 land, and get it clean, and iu good heart, and then sometimes 

 in moist weather, next month, cart on a lot o^ bits of turf 

 from a good pasture three inches square or so ; spread them 

 and tread them in their place right 6ide up, one in every 

 square foot. Roll the land and cart on some compost, and 

 ppread it out of the cart, and then sow some Grass seeds, and 

 bush harrow and roll them in ; it would sooner be a pasture 

 thus than in any other way, and one acre of good pasture may 

 be made /our.; If, however, you should resolve to sow and 

 depend on seed alone, you had better use the following mix- 

 ture for your stiff land, and sow a thin crop of Barley with 

 it :— Aira cse^pitoaa lutescens, lib.; Alopecurus pratensis 

 2; Arrhenatherum avenaceum, 2; Dactylis glomerata 3*- 

 Festuca duriuscula, 2 ; F. heterophylla, 2 ; F. elatior,' 2 • 

 F. loliacea. 2 ; F. pratensis, 2 ; Lolium itaiicum. 3 ; h! pe- 

 renne, 5 ; Phleum pratense, 2 ; Poa nemoralis, 2 ; P. trivi- 

 alis, 2 ; Trifolium pratense perenne, 3 ; T. repens, 4 ■ in all 

 per acre, 39 lbs. * , , , 



Pics : A W. Mr. Fisher Hobbs, Boxted Lodge, Colchester. The 

 American churn has been advertised in our columns re- 

 peatedly. We should suppose any ironmonger could procure 

 it for you. 



Tithe Rent Chabge: Anon. 100J. of rent charge is this year 

 worth 061. lis. 4|d. Riga Flax seed may be had of any 

 well known seedsman. Ine cultivation of Flax has nearly 

 been discussed enough in our columns of late. 



To Prevent Hens Eating their Eggs : T W E says : " I 

 has been found a good plan to suck an egg, and fill it with 

 mustard, of course placing tbe egg for them to eat, and it 

 will be some time before they will attempt it again." 



Why do young Pigs lose theib Tails? Anon. Your pigs are- 

 probably very high bred, and bred much in and in, which 

 causes great delicacy of the skin. A cross with a hairy breed 

 would cure the evil ; but perhaps you will exclaim, u The 

 remedy is worse than the disease.*' W. C. S, 



iiiar&rts* 



COVENT GARDE *, March 29 

 A few Hothouse Grapes, both white and black, have made 

 their appearance 6ince our last rep >rt. Good Pine-apples are 

 scarce, and dessert Pears are nearly over for this season. 

 Apples are also scarce. Orange3 and Lemons are plentiful. 

 Nuts remain nearly the same as last week. A few forced 

 Strawberries may now be obtained. Vegetables of all kinds are 

 abundant and good. French Beana and Cucumbers are plentiful. 

 Carrots and Turnips are good in quality. Potatoes are a trifle 

 dearer. Lettuces and other salading are sufficient for the de- 

 mand. The best Mushrooms fetch Is. 3d. per pottle. Cut 

 Flowers consist of Heaths, Pelargoniums, Camellias, Migao- 

 nette, Double Primroses, Stephanotis floribunda, Cinerarias f 

 Moss and Provins Ro=es, and the different kinds of sprint 

 bulbs. * 



FRUIT. 



Pine-apples, per lb., 6s to 10s 



Grapes, Portugal,p.lb.,lsto2s6d 

 Strawberries, per oz., 2s 

 Pears, per doz., 2s to 5s 



— per half sieve, 6s to 15s 

 Apples,dessert,p.bu?h.,6s tolOs 



— kitchen do., 5s to 8s 

 Lemons, per doz., Is to 2s 

 Almonds, per peck, 6s 



— sweet, per lb., 2s to 3 



£><metfe& 



fiOTAL AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY OF ENGLAND. 



in H;™ EKLr Council was held a* the Society's House 

 nanover-square on Wednesday last, the 26th of 



*fa t i„ a^V M T r - ^ ATM0ND Barker, Vice-Pre- 



Bart 'xip e t a,r i ^° rd L ° Vaine ' Sir Robert Price, 

 CavlL- u 4', Mr ' H - Bamett, Mr. Burke, Mr. W G 

 F5ffg^M.P, Mr Fuller, M.P., Mr. c'adesden kr. 

 Uer Hobb s, Mr. Maddiaon. Mr. C. E. Ov.m.n ' m ' 



ftebteu)0. 



Flax : its Cultivation and Management ; with Instruc- 

 tions in the various Belgian Methods of Grwomg and 

 Preparing it for Market. By E. F. Deman, Belgian 

 Agriculturist, and lately Technical Instructor to the 

 Royal Flax Society in Ireland. James Ridgway, 169, 

 Piccadilly, London. 



Considerations for Extending the Cultivation of Flax. 



By a Tenant Farmer. Stephen Austin, Fore-street, 

 Hertford. 



Flax versus Cotton, See. By John Warnes, Esq, James 

 Ridgway, Piccadilly, London. 



We are frequently asked for books on the subject of 

 Flax culture. Now, if any one wishes to know what in- 

 fluence the general cultivation of this crop is expected 

 to have on the national welfare, he may read the last • 

 named pamphlet ; if he desires to ascertain whether he 

 may expect any personal advantage by engaging in its 

 cultivation, he had better read the tract placed second 

 on the list ; and if he would learn the methods which 

 good cultivators have adopted in Belgium and* this 



Brussels Sprouts, p. hf. sieve, 



U to ls6d 

 Cabbages, per doz., Is to Is 6d 

 Greens.p. doz. buiiches,4s to 6s 

 Cauliflower*, p doz., Is 6d to 4s 

 Broceoli,p.doz.bundl.,7s to 12? 

 French Beans,p.l00,ls6dto2s6d 

 Seakale, per puuuet, 6d to 2s 

 Asparagus, per 100, 4* to 10s 

 Rhubarb, p. bundl., 6d to Is 2d 

 Potatoes, per ton, 60* to 100 



— per cwt., 3s to 6s 



— per bush.,l8 6d to 3s 

 Turnips, p. doz. bundl., Is to 2s 

 Cucumbers, each, Is to 3s 

 Radishes, per doz., Is to Is 6d 

 Celery, p. bundle, 6d to Is 6d 

 Carrots, per doz., 2s to 5s 

 Spinacb, per sieve, Is to Is 6d 



Onion*, p. bunch, 3d to 4 d 

 — Spanish, p. doz., Is6d to 4s 

 Leeks, per doz., 9d to Is 



YEGETABLES. 



Oranges, per doz., 9d to 2s 



— per 100, 6s to 14s 



— Seville, p. 100, 7s to 14a 



— — p. doz., Is to 2s 6d 

 Chestnuts, per peck, 2s to 5s 



— per 100, 9d to Is 6d 

 Nuts, Barcelona, per bush. 20 



to 22s 



— Brazil, p, bsh , 12s to 14s 

 Cobs, per 100 lbs,, 70s to 75s 



Shallots, per lb., 6d to Is 

 Garlic, per lb., 4d to 8d 

 Artichokes, Jerusalem, p. half 



sieve, Is to Is 6d 

 Lettuce, Cab., p. score, 6d to 9d 



— Cos, per score, Is to ls6d 

 Endive, per score, Is to Is 6d 

 Small Salads, p. punn.,2d to 3d 

 Horse Radish, p. bundl., I s to 4 s 

 Red Beet, per doz., 6d to Is 

 Mushrooms, p. pot., 9d to Is 3 i 

 Sorrel, per hf. sieve, 6d to 9d 

 Fennel, per bunch, 2d to 3 i 

 Savory, per bunch, 2d to 3d 

 Thyme, per bunch, 2d to 3d 

 Parsley, per doz. bun., 2s to 8s 



— Roots, p. bundl. 9d to Is 

 Marjoram, per bunch, 2dto4d 

 Mint, green, per bunch,4d to 6d 

 Watercress,p.l2bunch.,6d to9d 

 Corn Salad,p.h£ sieve, lstola6d 



Prime Meadow Hay 



Inferior ditto 



Rowen 



New Hay 



HAY.— Per Load ot 36 Trusses. 

 Smithtield, March 2 



• t • 



■ ■ • 



80s to 85s 

 65 75 



63 66 



• •• 



Clover 

 Second cut 

 Straw ... 



■ « a 



■ »« 



■ If 



«« ft 



• • ■ 



« « - 



Fine Old Hay 

 Inferior ditto 

 New Hay 



Old Clover 



The supply short and trade brisk. 

 Whitechapel, March 27 



72s to 78s » New Clover 



70s to 84 s 

 65 75 

 25 30 

 Coope*. 



• •• 



• •• 



• ■• 



60 65 



84 88 



. - - 



Inferior ditto... 

 Straw 



• •>• 



• •• 



• •• 



65 

 24 



tO -8 



70 



27 



