• 



18;'»I- 



THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 



217 



PERUVIAN GUANO. 

 a.-TIO TO AGRICULTURISTS. - 



A l J:. 1 " ntnriou. that cxteosiTe adulteration, of this 



fj ,. wif notoriou. that extensiTe adult, 

 S*»-» < S?5S l atol AND SOKS, 



AS TBE 



v^rr IMPORTERS OF PERUVIAN GUANO, 

 ° U to S their duty to the Peruvian Government and 





-frgMir Mam to recommeod Farmers and all others who 



^ ZStS t h°e p^rtWrom whom they purchase will of 



* < ? Wr £ £*r \Leuritv aad in addition to particular atten- 



tfSWTokY GIBBS and SON. thin, it well 



^ 



^ toS"w««fe iwfce o< whkh sound Peruvian 



■h*no 



fa been sold by them during the last two years 



TTbLVerton, few 2J per cent. \ . 1' ;, 



It j/ prr ^ ^ ^ at a ]ower pnce fc therefore 



jSkSl" to«to them, or the article must be adulterated. 



mauu- 



o 





 



wTNURfcS.— Theft >Howing Manures are 



M Stored H Mr. Lues's Factory, Daptford Creek : 

 Clorer Manure, per ton ■t' 11 u u 



turnip Manure, do 



•anerphosphate of Lime < " 



itafntauric Acid and Coprohtes ... ... » u 



Office 69, King William-street, City, London. 

 ■ n Peruvian Gnaao, guaranteed to contain 16 per cent, of 



Aanooia, 91 1»«. P er ton > aad for 5 t0Q8 ° r m ° re ' p6F 



iJjJTTdock. Sulphate of Ammonia. Ac. 



rrHE LONDON MANURE COMPANY beg to 



1 offer ss uoder, CORN MANURE, most valuable for 

 itffn* dreislDK— Concentrated Urate, Superphosphate of Lime, 

 Witriteof Sod*, Sulphate of Ammonia, Fishery and Agricul- 

 tural Salts Gypsum, Fossil Bones, Sulphuric Acid, and every 

 3tr ^Artificial Manure; also a constant supply of English 

 a»d Foreirn Linseed-cuke. Peruvian Guano, guarauteed the 

 mulne importation of Messrs. A. Gibbs and Sous, 92. 105. per 

 ton. or 9/. 6f . in quantities of 5 tons and upwards. 

 ^ Edward Purser, Secretary, 



40, Bridge-street, Blackfriars, London. 



A~ RTIFICIAL MANURES. — PRIVATE IN- 

 STRUCTIONS in Chemical Analysis and the most ap- 

 proved methods of making Artificial Manures are given by 

 J. C. Nbibit, F.C.S., F.G.S., at the Laboratories, Scientific 

 School, W, Kennmgton-lane, London. 



Analyses of Soils, Manures, Minerals, &c, performed as 

 usual, on moderate terms. 



G - UANO AND OTHER MANURES.— Peruvian 

 Guano of the finest quality ; Superphosphate of Lime ; 

 Gypsum; Salt ; Nitrate of Soda; Moffat's Patent Concentrated 

 City Sewage Manure, and all others of known value. — Apply to 

 Maik Fotheboill. 204, Upper Thames-street, London. 



P~HOSPHATE NODULES, or COPROLITES and 

 FOSSIL BONES (from the Suffolk Crag). — Manufac- 

 turers of Superphosphate of Lime can be supplied with the 

 above, either in their natural form or finely pulverised, on the 

 best terms, f. o. b. or delivered in the Thames. 



Applications to Edward Packard, Chemist, Saxmundham, 

 8nffolk, will receive prompt attention. 



MANURE DEPOT.— PEAT CHARCOAL. 

 TO FARMERS, AGRICULTURISTS, AND OTHERS. 



GH. FOLEY, Essex Coal Wharf, Lea-bridge, 

 • Middlesex, Agent by appointment to the Irish Amelio- 

 ration Society, for the sale of the above. All needful particu- 

 lars will be given on application at the above address. 



Price of tne unmixed Charcoal, 60s. per ton, sacks included. 

 Mixed with Nightsoil, 45s. per ton, sacks included. 



FOlTpUBLIC SALE, at th^New'Corn Exchange 

 Tavern, Mark-lane, on MONDAY, April 7, 1851, at 2 o'clock 

 precisely, by order of Messrs. Antovt Gibbs and Sons, the 

 Importers, about 600 TONS DAMAGED PERUVIAN GUANO. 

 Catalogues and further particulars in due time, from J. A. 

 RffCKis and Bencraft, Brokers, 26, Commercial Sale Rooms, 

 Minciog-Jane, London. 



TJOSE FOR LIQUID MANURE, Fire-engine, 



■*■-*• and agricultural purposes, made of canvass, lined and 

 coated with gutta purcha ; it is about one-third the price of 

 leather or india-rubber, will convey liquids of all kinds under 

 t heavy pressure, it is extensively used at the Government 

 public works ; also by the navy, and amongst agriculturists, 

 filing universal satisfaction. Testimonials and prices may be 

 obtained of Messrs. Burgess and Key, 103, Newgate-street, sole 

 manufacturers. — London Agents : Messrs. Deane, Dray, and 

 Itetne, Swan-lane ; Messrs. Tillry, Black friars-road. — Country 

 Ajents : Messrs. Ransome and Parsons, Ipswich ; Messrs. J. 

 *nd S. Johnson, Liverpool; Messrs. Dickson, Hull; Mr. S. 

 Wilson, Agent for Scotland. 



THE CONICAL BOILERS INVENTED BY 



•*■ JOHN ROGERS, Esq., are supplied and fixed by John 

 Shiwen, ironmonger, Sevenoaks. Also ail kinds of Hot Water 

 Apparatus. For Churches and Public Buildings, Mr. Shewen 

 rtwuld be consulted, his Warm Air Apparatus being safer, 

 more efficient, and more durable than anv other. 



^— — •• 



MEADOW AND PASTURE GRASS SEEDS. 



Q.E0RGE GIBBS and CO. beg to notice their 



^* mixtures of GRASS SEEDS for Laying Land down to 



Permanent Grass, are now ready for delivery. They have 



reduced the price to 305. per acre, allowing 2 bushels 12 lbs. to 

 the acre. 



Mixed sorts for improving old Grass Land, Is. 2d. per lb. 

 Fine sorts, for forming Lawns, Is. '3d. per lb. Directions for 

 •°*rog will accompany the Seeds. 



nr* 1 2 1 n E ^ IBBS anc * Co. will feel happy in sending general 

 priced Catalogues of Agricultural and Garden Seeds, on appli- 

 cation to26,Dowx.sTRBET, P iccadilly, London. 



rx-iir^ GRASS AND OTHER SEEDS. 



I HOMAS GIBBS and Co., the Seedsmen to the 



p. ifl5°y a * Agricultural Society of England," corner of 

 aaif Moon-Street Piccadilly, beg to call the attention 

 <k ttieir trienda to the following Seeds : 



to n£ tUr€S ° f 8elected Natural Grasses for laying dowa Land 

 «o permanent Meadows and Pastures, apportioned to suit the 

 Ware of the soil. 



Mixtures for portions of Parks near Mansions, 

 fixtures for Garden Lawns and Grass Plots, 

 ijtttures for renovating Old Pasture Land. 

 i-aiian, and other Rye-grasses. 



4?kw € » Bel * ian at *<* R«<* Altringham Carrots. 

 w>o* new very large Parsnip. 



wtnge Globe Mangold Wurzel. 



J-ong Red and other kinds. 



J-romhead and Thousand-headed Cabbages. 



^wedes, Hybrids, and oth r Turnips. 



Wvers, Kohl Rabi, French and English Furze. 



wnfnin, Rape. Tares, White Mustard, and all Agricultural 



Prii chen Garden Seeds, Ac, 



"jced Lists are now ready, and will be forwarded free, on 



SaTp-' by .P?, 8t ' r 0r °i herwiae » t0 coroer of Half Moon- 



street, Piccadilly, London. 



AOKICUH URAL sEBuS 



ASS & BROWN'S PRICED and DESCRIPTIVE 



AGRICULTURAL SEED LI *T may be had free by post. 

 The following of best quality delivered free to London, Ips- 

 wich, Norwich, or any station on the same line of Railway. 



PERMANENT PASTURE GRASSES, to suit various soils. 

 —Mixtures for soils in general, including proper proportions of 



Clover, per acre, 24s. 



Mixtures supplied to suit so'ls of every description, the na'ure 

 of the soil being stated ; and if intended to be sown either 

 with or without a crop. Any sorts supplied separate, if re- 

 quired, according to order, of which a list of prices of different 



kinds mav be had. 



FINE MIXED GRASSES FOR LAWNS, BOWLING 

 GREENS, <fec, 40*. per acre, 5s. per peck, or Is. 3d. per lb. 

 RYE-GRASS, true Italian ... per bushel &s. &d. 



Perennial 



Stickney's Improved do. 

 „ Pacey ... ... » 



CARROT, large white Belgian ... per lb. 



,, large Altringham ... «• 



MANGOLD WURZEL— Red Globe and Yellow 



Globe 

 M Long Yellow 



Drumhead Cattle Cabbage 

 Rivers' new Stubble Swede Turnip 

 The best Stock of Turnips and all other Agricultural Seedi. 

 See our Catalogue. Prices to the Trade on application. 

 Bass and Brown, Seed and Horticultural Establishment, 



Sudbury, Suffolk. 



99 



9* 





99 



4 

 6 

 6 

 

 1 





 

 2 



2 



6 





 8 

 



6 



9 

 6 







w. 



coppice, like hedges or shaws. so as to give to the 

 landscape, when viewed from an eminence, the 

 appearance of a forest, which it actually was since 

 the Conquest. In its legal sense the Weald is the 

 district in which woodland is free from tithe. The 

 old and prevalent system of cropping is — 1, fallow ; 

 2, Wheat; 3, Oats, Beans, or Clover ; and then fallow 

 again. Little stock is kept, little manure of course 

 made, and that of inferior quality, and too generally 

 applied to the Hops, of which the better soils of 

 the Weald produce a great burthen, though of 

 coarse quality. The turn-wrest plough, with its 

 four and even six horses, prevails through that 

 part of the Weald which lies in Kent, but it 

 has not established itself in the adjacent counties. 

 This fact we submit to the consideration of those 

 who contend that in agriculture " whatever is 



is 

 in 

 of 

 of 



rig 



ht," and that 



has discovered 



tern 



experience 

 every district the implement and the sy; 

 cultivation best suited to it. The climate 

 the Weald of Kent cannot differ from that of 

 Sussex and Surrey, and uniformity of soil is one of 

 the characteristics of the district. Whv then the 



difference ? Why, but because 



GRASS SEEDS FOR LAYING DOWN PERMANENT 



# PASTURE. 



DRUMMOND and SONS, Seedsmen, Stirling, 



N.B., having been among the tirst to recommend the 

 use of the NATURAL GRASSES in the formation of PER- 

 MANENT PA8TURE, the subject has occupied a large share 

 of their attention. They have carefully noted the species com- 

 posing the best Natural Pastures, and the results of combina- 

 tions in culure under varied circumstances of soil and 

 situation; and, as the result of their observation, as well as 



from the great satisfaction their selections have given, they 



feel warranted in recommending, in addition to the Grasses ~ ™- f Whpat fallow 



usually sown, a variety of such species as are known, not only paration OI a^ v> neat Idlio jf. 

 to yield the greatest bulk of herbage, but the largest amount 

 of milking and feeding properties, varying those species, and 

 the proportions of each, according to the nature of the land to 

 be laid down ; and from the low price of their Seeds this 

 season, the expense is not materially increased. The very best 

 Mixture they can give for PERMANENT .PASTURE or MEA- 

 DOW will not exceed 2u*. to 22s. per statute acre. The quan- 

 tity of each variety comprising tne Mixture is given in detail 



with each parcel. *• ^" 



Mixture for Renovating old Pasture Lands, per lb. ... 6 



Ditto for Lawns, to be kept short with the scythe, per lb. 10 

 Selected Ayrshire Perennial Rye Grass, per bush. 4s. 6d. to S 



Pacey's ditto ditto „ os. 6d. to 6 



Stickney's ditto ditto „ 5 



Italian ditto ditto home saved ,, 5s. Bd. to 6 



Ditto, imported from Italy per lb. 



East Lotnian Purple-top Swede Turnip „ 



Skirving's ditto ditto ,, 



Large hardy Green-top ditto „ 



Green-top Yellow Aberdeen ditto „ 



Purple-top ditto ditto improved „ 



With every other description of FARM SEhDS, priced Li-,ts 

 of which may be had free on application. 



N.B.— Seeds are delivered, carriage paid, to most of the 

 principal Shipping Ports and Railway Stations throughout the 

 Kingdom.— Agricultural Museum, Stirling, N.B. 



Why 

 it is a Kentish 



M 

 H 



99 



99 

 99 



6 

 6 

 





 6 

 8 

 8 

 8 

 8 

 9 



SHie &g?tcttitutai ©a>ette* 



SATURD AY, APRIL 5, 1851. 



MEETINGS FOR THE FOLLOWING WEEK. 

 Wkdxksda.1, April 9-AyricuHural Societv of KnieUud. 

 Thukbdai, — 10— Affricu tural Imp. Soc. of Ireland. 

 Wxdhsiidat, — 16 -Agricultural Society nf England. 

 Thubidat, — 17— ARricultural Imp. Soc. of Ireland. 



implement, has the turn-wrest plough, only adapted 

 to dry soils, established itself on the wet soils of that 

 county, and of that county only? With this 

 ponderous implement, it is not uncommon to see at 

 least four horses stirring a fallow, at the rate of 

 about three-fourths of an acre a day ; and by the 

 custom of the country, five ploughings are the pre- 



The produce which is 



to repay such costly cultivation is wretched in the 

 extreme, not on the average more than 20 bushels 

 of Wheat, 30 bushels of Oats, and 28 bushels of 

 Beans. Under such a system it is needless to add 

 that with rent at 12s., and tithes and parochial rates 

 amounting to about 55. more, the tenants cannot 

 pay their way. They demand a reduction to 8s. 

 The large landowners are complying with the 

 demand ; and if prices shall continue at their present 

 level, that will be the most that can be obtained 

 without an entire change of system. Enough, how- 

 ever, has been done in the way of improvement to 

 show that the Weald is capable of better things. 

 The quality of its Wheat is excellent. All that is 

 required is to increase the produce, and to diminish 

 the useless costs of cultivation. There are cases in 

 which the average produce has been raised by good 

 farming to 3£ quarters of Wheat, 6£ quarters of 



Oats, and 4 T quarters of Beans. 



The first steps in improvement consist in draining 

 and the grubbing of hedgerows, so as to raise the 

 average size of the fields to 10 or 15 acres. The 

 next is to alter the texture of the soil by the addition 

 of substances which will prevent the particles from 



These are chalk, burned clay, 

 Chalk for burning; into lime, 



running together. 



few 



districts in England 



There are probably 

 which are more capable of improvement than that 

 known as the Weald of Kent, Sussex, and Surrey ; 

 few which would make better returns for the money 

 expended on them ; and few where the march of 

 improvement will be more retarded, not only by 

 want of capital, but by local habits and prejudices. 



In a geological sense the Weald denudation 

 consists of the triangular area lying between the 

 chalk escarpments of the North and South Downs. 

 It is one of the few large districts of England and 

 Wales in which there are but slight traces of the 

 superficial deposit, and in which the characters of offers great facilities for burning clay. 



and organic manures. 



which is nearly the sole dressing which the land 

 receives, is carted, in many cases, nine miles, and 

 burned on the farm. Double the quantity used in 

 this way with each fallow^ would last, if applied in 

 the raw state, 20 years. The Wealden is crossed 

 by the Brighton railway, and the northern clay dis- 

 trict is traversed through its whole length by the 

 Dover railway, each of these affording chalk at their 

 extremities ; and chalk and other mineral manures 

 may be carried by railway 30 miles at the same 

 expense as that of carting them five miles. 



In those parts of the Weald not accessible to 

 chalk, the abundance of wood, now of little value, 



Some of the 



the soil depend chiefly on those of the rock forma- 

 tions. Within this triangular area is another trian- 

 gular space called the Forest- ridge, consisting of one 

 of the lower divisions of the Wealden group, namely, 

 the Hastings or Iron-sand. From this central ridge 

 the Weald clay dips away in opposite directions 

 under the cretaceous rocks of the North and South 



Downs, forming a 

 the Forest-ridge, 

 remarks apply. 



belt of clay soil on each side, of 

 It is to this clay district that our 

 The peculiar characters of the 

 Weald clay arise from the minute division of the 

 particles both aluminous and siliceous, of which it is 

 composed. This causes it to run, when wet, into a 

 compact paste, which dries into a mass as hard as 

 brick, and nearly as impenetrable by the roots of 

 plants — a tendency which must be still further 

 increased by the constant use of lime as the 

 sole manure. Such a soil, under arable culture, 

 must be expensive to manage, and far from 

 productive, and in its present state it produces 

 undergrass, but scanty and poor herbage. Its 

 natural application is to woodland. Its Oak U 

 celebrated for its quality, and was formerly cele- 

 brated for its size, but the high prices of the war 

 have stripped the Weald of nearly all its large tim- 

 ber. The iarms and inclosures are in general small. 

 We know many occupations in which the fields do 

 not average more than five acres, interspersed with 

 woods and coppices, and surmounted with broad 



strata of the Weald clay are slightly calcareous, and 

 were formerly applied in their raw state under the 

 name of marl till the large proportion of clay was 

 found injurious added to clay, and recourse w T as had 

 to chalk lime. By selecting these beds for burning, 

 where practicable, calcareous matter will be added 

 to the soil, and the objectionable properties, when 

 used in a raw state, will not only have disappeared, 

 but they will have assumed a new character as 

 imparters of porosity to the soil. 



The next step in the process of improvement is a 

 gradual substitution of green crops for the bare 

 fallows, and to get much of the land laid down in 

 good condition to Grass, to be fed with sheep. 

 Tares and Rape might be grown for summer sheep- 

 feed ; and, in time, after draining and subsoiling, 

 Swedes and Wurzel, to be drawn in the autumn while 

 the land is dry, and to be stored for consumption 

 in the yards, might be brought into play, and would 

 ensure a supply of that of which the soil stands so 

 much in need — animal and vegetable manure. 

 There is no reason ou earth to prevent the soils of 

 the Weald being ploughed, if taken in proper 

 season, with two horses. On the whole there are 

 probably few districts where a good farmer, not 

 afraid of stiff land, who could command capital 

 enough to purchase his farm, and to cultivate it 

 properly, could lay out his money to better advan- 

 tage than in the Weald, availing himself of the 



