







THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE 



221 



«*« 



a 



i Scotland were 



■*»•)' 



^Uuth.dbeen.l.Hs. at these meeting*. 

 J^gfU^ that it was 



heard theae ad(] 



*? ^d \""1S» to promote every .raprove 

 " ""'Sth tv- to themselves ami the — 



? «Sfhe had now to report the progress of 



- J? lenartment for the past year. During 



^'fl SSe amount of work had been 



** ^ v had aaalvsed 200 different specimens. 



• urea, soils, &c., submitted by members 



.^ Snrietv and others. That, however, embraced 



4 ••JS irt of the actual work that had been per- 



£!f£LC the members of the Society were aware 



^Jfha? been submitted to him various other 



there nau u y , . , . . ...u- u rr™>*t nronrress 



wo i-».v y ^j forward, and inclining downwards 



at an an^le to the horizon ; and each side of its project- 



T^ b thav"b^ a ^ m Point is furnished with a slight feather, to stir the 

 „ j „ot to ha. e been ccm ^J^ ^^ ^ ^ ^^ may uke & deeper m 



shallower hold of the subsoil, it is moved higher up or j 

 lower down in its seat ; and that the depth of furrow 

 may he regulated to the power applied to the implement, 

 the beam can rest either above or below the axle. An 

 ordinary bridle is attached to a slot at the end of the 

 beam. Although exceedingly light— being made of the 

 finest and best iron— it is quite astonishing what rude 





ws it will stand wnen coming m tjuuu*^ «n 



cause- 



do better ou Tare* with com, than on good Grassland with- 

 out corn. They wiU get dirty this weather ; and it it against 

 them. It has been ■ bad season for folded sheep. 



Earlt Sp*i*o Fo<>d: J M'C. Rye sown in September is the 

 earliest spring food ; and probably It is the best thing you 

 could sow upon your Oat stubble. . 



Farm-yard Manure : An old Subxriber. The dang heap will, 

 under the careless system, more rapidly diminish in bulk 

 than in value, so that a load of it unrotted is out w,>rth much 

 more than half a load of the well rotted manure : while the 

 whole bulk of the heap after rotting in this way may be 

 worth perhaps two- thirds or throe-fourths of the whole bulk 

 in its original state. When carefully prepared the whole 

 heap is worth ad much as in its original state indeed more, 

 the labour spent upon it not being lo*t ; and as the bulk of the 

 heap does diminish somewhat, the value of a given bulk 

 increases in the same proportion 



that 



One of the most laborious 



** l^f th^e had been published in the July Number 

 plicated I of tne»e naa d F of ^ 



SS^SlSSi: Another difficult subject 

 fKti^wMch he expected to have been able to 

 JUTSSSi before this time, had been postponed by 

 ^ve publisnea d^ ^ material that had been 



the continuous 



■ent m 



to him. 



This investigation had reference to 

 -^ P^-™ .n different ways. It had been post- 

 poned, as 

 had rece'n 



said 



^a J say that the investigation was so far advanced 

 b wu 'ii „-i. u n l^Tirr iirtw until it was Dubhshed. 



ak. t It WOUK1 HOI ^ «"*& ,\~. V .1 * ,'*■* 



ilThad also recently submitted to him by the committ 

 i investigation regarding the economic uses of peat 



Lbiectwhich had been exciting considerable intertou 

 of late Tart of that investigation was ready, and it 

 would be published in the next number of the Trartsac- 

 tfamT Last year he had got into the new laboratory ; 



anTas he expected, it had tended greatly to facilitate 



operations. With regard to the general business of the 

 chemical department, his desire had been to make it m 

 all respects ace — ible and advantageous to the Society. 

 In doimj this, he had spared neither trouble nor expense. 

 He was sure that, during the last two years, he had 

 expanded on the business of the laboratory more than 

 he ha i received from the Society. (Hear, hear.) He 

 could assure them that he had entered on his duties two 

 years ago with considerable anxiety, being afraid that 

 the agricultural mind was not favourably disposed to 

 support the efforts of the chemist ; but his experience, 

 during the two years that he had held the situation, had 

 shown him that his anxieties were unfounded, and he 

 was now gratified to state that great interest was taken 

 in his labours. He had to thank the members of the 

 Society for supplying him with materials for investiga- 

 tion. (Applause.) After a vote of thanks to the Duke 

 of Roxburgh for his conduct in the chair, the meeting 

 separated. 



METEOROLOGICAL REPORT.— March. 



f Continued from page 205.) 



numerous la*-*!, rjtuijcr:? "mui «.».»-. *^ — j 7 iucieu*c* tu m«r ^«."~ t"~* — . _, , » 



^d as it were, in the subsoil of, the North of Scot- FW:rr K ^2£?&^£&Z£$j ™*in 

 land. Mr. J. L Boswell, of Kingussie, Kincardineshire, Mupemi low-keeper. * »». t _ ,_ _ Uttlm K ^ hjt wa mMMtm 



state's that he" haa seen it at work more than once on his 

 lordship's own farm, and that he is convinced it will 

 answer all the purposes required. He says, moreover, 

 that the invention of this light-wheel subsoil by Lord 

 James Hay has achieved a great improvement on the 

 old one. It does away with the necessity of injuriously 

 putting several pairs of horses together on large farms, 

 and it brings the operation within the reach of those who 

 have only four working cattle on small ones. It is, 

 comparatively speaking, a small expense, costing only 

 about 41 As., while the old plough was about 1 SL ; and 

 last, although not least, it is much more easy for the 

 ploughman to hold— the wheels equalising the draught 

 to the horses, and keeping the implement steady to the 

 work ; while it can be properly regulated to the draught 

 of either horses or oxen by shifting the beam, and 





working it either above or below the axle of the wheel, 

 as the ploughman finds best. From tit* Architect, Feb. I. 



Calendar of Operations. 



MAROH. 



L4MMEBMU.R Sheep Farm, ifa«A 31.-Durin R _ the hmtt fort- 



night, the character of the weatuer has chau^.i for *«*«»"•■ 

 Dunn* that time, we have had more or less ram . *»«> day, 

 w"th two falls of snow to the depth of a couple of luche,, which, 

 however, ver, quickly disappeared. When *heep are subjected 

 ro frequent wettiut?*, it it .dways m re or lest injun 

 v.~~ — n a u.rio.c and iinwiilinir to move about in sear 





Bate. Time. 



ues. 



M 



t 



7.5 a.m. 

 2.30 p.m. 

 7.15 a.m 

 1 p.m. 



Max. Min. 



29.64 



- - • 



29.38 



28 



4.10 p.m. 



10.20 p.m. 

 7.30 a.m. 

 9.40 p.m. 

 7.50 a.m 



2.20 p.m. 



• ■ * 



29.46 



29 50 

 29.29 



Wind.— Weathee. 



29.42 



29.5 



I 



29 



6 p.m. 

 10.20 p.m. 



7.30 a.m. 



1 p.m 



5.30 p.m. 

 10.20 p.m. 





I 



•J9.75 

 29.72 

 29.49 



29.47 

 29^66 



3. Incessant rain all day. 



NAV. to NNW. Blowing hard 

 and raining fast. 



W. Fine afternoon ; at 4.45 

 a hailstorm lasting a 

 quarter of an hour. 



SW. 



S w! all day, and brisk ; dull 



rain y day. 

 WN W . all d^, and moderate ; 

 fine sunny day. 



• • i 



Sand. 30 1 7.50 a.m. 



10.30 p.m. 





29.51 



- • * 



• • - 



31 



April 1 



29.79 



7.20 a.m. 



6.20 p.m 



6 a.m 



10.40 a.m. 



29.66 



29.44 

 29.44 



■ »• 



29.52 



> • ■ 



• - - 





3D08 

 30.08 

 30.08 



29.97 



• • • 



» • • 



SW. afternoon and brisk; 

 overcast, dark night. 



SW. Blowing hard, with fre- 

 quent heavy showers. 



W. At 8 the barometer began 

 to rise, and the wind 

 moderated. 



WNW. a.m. f NW.p.m. Brisk 

 breeze and cold blue sky ; 

 barometer rising steadily 



all day. 

 N. a.m., NW. p.m. Brisk 



breeze, and fine sunay day 

 NW. Moderate breeze, and 



fine. 



• This storm came from the south, from the warmth of the 

 rain which preceded it, and curved across the south of Scot- 

 Una eastwards, and before it had quitted this island 



Storm t arrived from the westward, and to the collision of 

 these two currents * and t, and the consequent electricity, I 

 attribute the hailstorm wnich came with the change of the wind. 



(Any information on the time and duration of the 

 passage of this hailstorm will much oblige the author, 

 from any place in England or Scotland.) 



X From the culduess of the rain, this storm came from the 

 direction of Newfoundland, and probably from the St. Law- 

 ience and the great lakes of North America. It must have 

 crossed Scotland, or even further to the northward (as it was 

 of large diameter) and went towards Norway. 



Dorchester, AprU 3d. ^ P. B. M. 



{To be continued.) 



ous. They 



b"ecomeli7tlesV,"and unwilling "to move about £j~* **^i 

 whit they do get being very unpalatable The wool a so * 

 liable to part along the back, admitting the cold and wet, this 

 being, in our opinion, tbe fertile source of various diseases to 

 which sheep are subject, such as »a er in tne head, stagger*, 

 &c whose Beat are in the brain or spine. We have more than 

 * c ; adverted to the beneheial effects of jacketing young 

 sheen as ob-ervablein the better condition, in increasing the 

 growth and [quality of the wool, and especially in the greater 

 exemption from disease. During the last seven months, we 

 find ™ net out of 570 Cheviot and black-faced ewe boggs, with 

 uo other food but what they pick up on their hill pasture .30 

 of the worst of the former have been on Tnrn.p .for four 

 months) the number of deaths from »U causes have only 

 amounted to euht. Even granting that the past has been an 

 unusually favourable winter, this loss is very trifling, tod we 

 are inclined to place it. in a great measure, to the credit of 

 their flannel coats. We may also observe, that they are 

 in decidedly better condition than those of *ome of our neigh- 

 bours which have been getting Turnips. It covers are so 

 beneficial to young sheep, they Bhould be equally so to old, 

 especia 1? j ewe!; and the only reason why . they are not mow 

 generally used, appears to be the expense it being a somewhat 

 Lious matte; when several thousands have to be operated 

 upon. Take for example, a flock of 2<>00, at 3d. per bead the 

 sum will be '2bl. ; but as upon an average the jackets ^st three 

 years, the annual amount is really not very tenons. So con- 

 vinced are we of the benefits of the*e covers that if spared to 

 another autumn, we purpose making the experiment of 

 covering a part of the ewes of each hiroel, and comparing 

 them with the others in spring, as regards condition, 

 growth of wool, and general health. Were the jacket, 

 dipped in, or covered with, some substance which would render 

 them waterproof, without greatly adding to the expense, it 

 would be an improvement. Could *ouie of your correspondents 

 suggest anything suitable for this purpose, we would feel 

 greatly obliged. The gimmers-or shearling ewes-were put 

 upon turnips on the 1st of March, the two older ages, on the 

 22d. I he ground, although drained, was so thoroughly soaked 

 with rain from the 22d to the 28ih, as to render it necessary to 

 give them their Turnips upon Grass. Though looking well 

 previou>ly, this long-continued and heavy rain has given them 

 a very draggled appearance. On the 2dth, the streams were 

 more flooded than they have been for four years. We need not 

 sav that the same causes have grealy retarded the sowing ot 

 Oats. Some 10 or 11 acres were sown on the 16th and we 

 have only resumed operations this morning, and, should it con- 

 tinue dry, we expect to finish all that is ready during tins 

 week. Hitherto the rain has also prevented any heather 

 burning, and as M the law enacts " that none shall be burnt 

 after the 10th of April, we fear that-on mossy grounds at 

 least, which are long in drying-little or nothing will be done 

 this spring. This is a more serious loss than many would sup- 

 p.se, cut must be submitted to with patience; the destrucuon 

 of a few grouse eggs being a far more serious matter! The 

 best heather grows upon peat, and upon an average should be 

 burned every six or seven years. That growing upon dry soil 

 is tufty, grows Blowly, does not burn readily, and is little 



^oiiaho'ri hi> ahoAn A f.n.m.'merniuir Farmer, 



the statement of i s price. It is a little book, but we spoke 

 from, as it appears, a mistaken memory. 



Italian RiE-oaASs: M. We do not know of any pamphlet, 

 particularly on the Italian Rye-grass. ^ 



Oats: PDF. We have somewhere seen a statement of the 

 relative value as food of the whole plant before the seed had 

 formed, and after it had ripened, but cannot recollect 

 where. Perhaps some one can help you to information on the 



value of Oat nay. 



OsiEas : H. From your description of the land we should fancy 

 it as tit for Osiers as anything. One of the coarser sorts had 

 better b? selected : such as the Brindled Osier, Salix vimi* 

 nalis. Plant the sets 3 feet by 2 inches apart immediately. 



Portable Railway : Erratum. In your account of my Portable 

 Railway last week, I observe an error, which I beg to 

 correct. You state the price of the turn-tables at l(tf.. which 

 is a misprint, as they are only 10*. each. Bobert Neilson, 



Halewood, March 29. 

 Poultry : Nimis. No one would think of eating hen-turkeyg 

 after they have begun to lay. If in good condition, they 

 might neither be unpalatable nor unwholesome ; but it seems 

 both cruel and wasteful to kill them then. The Turkeys 

 reserved for Lent consumption are those which had been 

 hatched very late the previous summer. — TB. The particulars 

 eiven only enable us to advise you to change your cocks, 

 Perhaps the whole stock. The ducks ought to have a swnn. 

 ming-place, however small. Bruised Oat- and Oatmeal aud 

 water is not food good enough for new-hatched chickens ; 

 they suould have hard-boiled egg and crumbs of Wheat 



bread. . . . « 



Sheff: WF. Blacklockon sheep, the cheapest; Spooner on 



the sheep, one of the best.— Constant Subscriber. You had 

 better tie some thorns round the stems of the young fruit 

 trees, lest the *h»M-p injure them. , . ,, 



Tank- water: X Y. Undiluted by water it must be valuable, 

 and wouid pay for considerable cost of carriage. If, owing 

 to wet weather, you cannot carry it on the land direct, a heap 

 of burned clay, vegetable mould, <sc. would be a good 

 absorbaut of it* valuable part, and the rest might go to 



ir o c r p 



The Ace cf Sfades : MCSalvin. Thanks. Ilia case has 

 already been given in our columns, though, at the moment, 

 we caunot reter to dates ; perhaps we may refer to it again. 

 We should be very glad to have the pamphlet. 



Wood-ashes : R H C 20 or 30 bushels per acre is a common 

 dresi-iog. Sow broadcast ; and don't mix it with the guano. 

 We ehould subsoil plough, or otherwise stir the subsoil, even 

 though it were a loamy stratum, for Carrots. 



Woodland, Broken of : Herefordshire. Plough and lime it 

 this summer, and next year you can grow some green crop 

 on it, as Potatoes— the cultivation of which will still further 



mellow it. 



i$iatitrt0 



COVENT GARDE v, April 5. 

 New Hothouse Grapes, both white and black, may be ob- 

 tained. Good Pine-apples are scarce, as are also dessert 

 Annies Oranges and Lemons are plentiful. Nuts remain 

 nearlv'the same as last week. Forced Strawberries are 

 more plentiful. Vegetables of all kinds are abundant and good 

 French Beans and Cucumbers are plentiful. Carrots and 

 Turnips are good in quality. Potatoes have not altered sinee 

 our last rep >rt. Lettuces and other salading are « anient . fot 

 the demand. The best Mushrooms fetch Is. 3d. per potile. 

 Cut flowers consist of Heaths, Pelargoniums, Camellias, Migno- 

 nette, Double Primroses, Stephanotis floribunda Cinerarias, 

 Moss and Provins Roses, ^and the different kinds of spring 



bulbs, 



FRUIT. 



Oranges, per dos., 9d to 2s 



— per 100, 6s to 14s 



— Seville, p. 100, 7s to 14s 

 — p. doz., Is to 2s 6d 



Lemons, per do*., Is to 2s 

 Chestnuts, per peck, 2s to 5s 



— per 100, 9d to Is 6d 

 Nuts,Barcelona,p.bsh,20sto22s 



— Brazil, p, bsh , 12s to 14» 



Cobs, per 100 lbs,, 70s to 75s 



Pine-apples, per lb., 6s to 10s 

 Grapes,ho'.house,p.lh.,12sto24s 



— Portugal, p.lb.,ls to 2s6d 

 Strawberries, per oz., 9d to 2s 



Pears, per doz., 2s to 6s 



— per half sieve, 6s to 15s 

 Apples,des8ert, p. bush., 6s tolOs 



— kitchen do., 5s to 8s 

 Almonds, per peck, 6s 



— sweet, per lb., 2s to 3s 



TEGETABLES. 



Brussels Sprouts, p. hf. sieve, | Shallots, per lb., 6d to Is 



Is to Is 6d 

 Cabbages, per doz., Is to Is 6d 

 Greens, p. doz. bunches,4s to 6s 

 Cauliflowers, p. doz., Is6d to 4s 

 Broocoli,p.doz.bundl.,7s to 12s 

 French Beans,p.i00,ls6dto2s6d 

 Seakale, per punuet, 6d to 2s 

 Asparagus, per 100, 4s to 10s 



G arlic, per lb.. 4d to 8d 

 Artichokes, Jerusalem, p. half 



sieve, Is to Is 6d 

 Lettuce, Cab., p. score, 6d to 9d 



— Cos, per score, Is to ls6d 

 Endive, per score, is to Is 6d 

 Small Salads, p. pnon.,2d to 3d 

 Horse Radish, p.bundl.,is to 4s 





Miscellaneous. 



New Subsoil Plough. — A few months ago, Lord James 

 Hay brought out a new subsoil plough, which consists of 

 abeam and a pair of handles of malleable iron. The shank 

 or coulter is so placed as to have the whole of the beam 

 in front, and the handles rising directly behind it. The 

 beam is short, and is supported on an axle connecting 

 two rather high wheels. The shank passes, like a 

 conimon coulter, through a box in the beam, and is 



fixed with wedges. Its form is that of a coulter, having 



Notices to Correspondents. 



Allotments: Northwards asks for a rotation of crops for 

 a cottage plot of land. Any one who has had experience in 

 small farming would do a service by giving our readers 



some of it. ..,, . . . ... 



Blackie's CrcLOPEDiA : G W P. It will be completed, probably, 

 some time about Midsummer next year. The last Number 

 (12) was issued just the other day. . 



Boarded floors: B A, Cantab. A boarded floor is not well 

 suited for such a heavy animal as a horse; when wood, how- 

 ever, is employed, it should be prepared in blocks, similar 

 to the wood pavements sometime since extensively laid down 

 in the metropolis, but now almost abandoned, in consequence 

 of not wearing well and b dog very slippery. If economy 

 and cleanliness are b »th required, there is nothing cheaper^ 

 or more calculated to prevent unpleasant smell, toan a thick 

 layer of simple earth or mould, as dry as possible, which win 

 absorb the urine, fix the ammonia, aud render it available 



for manure. W. C. 8, „ . — 



Box-feeding : An Old Sub. It is preferable to stall-feeding, 

 wnere you have room enough and straw enough-^ teec 

 square per head, aud 2oibs. of litter, daily, per hj-ad. 

 Swedes may be worth 11. per acre to the grower teediog tnem 

 on hi* farm, if he knows how to buy stock and sells tnem 

 fairly when "ripe." We should prefer dividing our sheep 

 into lots of 40 or 50, rather than having them 2u0 in one pen. 

 Sheep are never littered when folded on land. Sheep woum 



Rhubarb, p. bundl., 6d to Is 2d Red Beet, per doz., 6d to Is 





Potatoes, per ton, 60s to 100 



— per cwt., 3s to 6s 



— per bush. ,1s 6d to 3s 



Turnips, p. doz. bundl.,ls to 2s 

 Cucumbers, each, Is to 3s 

 Radishes, per doi., Is to Is 6d 

 Celery, p. bundle, 6d to Is 6d 

 Carrots, per dos., 2s to 5s 

 Spinach, per sieve, Is to Is 6d 

 Onions, p. bunch, 3d to 4d 

 Spanish, p. doz., Is6d to 4s 

 £S, per doz., 9d to Is 



Mushrooms, _ 

 Sorrel, per hf. sieve, 6d to 9d 

 Fennel, per bunch, 2d to 3d 

 Savory, per bunch, 2d to 3d 

 Thyme, per bunch, 2d to 3d 

 Parsley, per doz. bun., 2s to 3s 

 — Roots, p. bundl. 9d to Is 

 Marjoram, per bunch, 2d to 4d 

 Mint, green, per bunch, 4d to 6<l 

 Watercress, p. 12 bunch., 6d to9d 

 Corn Salad,p.h£aieve,Utt>i*$d 



HAY.— Per Load of 36 Trusses. 

 Smithfield, April 3, 



• • * 



Clover 

 Second cut 

 Straw ... 



• i * 



t •* 



Prime Meadow Hay 80s to 90s 



Inferior ditto 65 75 



Rowen 65 70 



New Hay — —■ . . 



The supply short and trade brisk* 



Cumberland Market, April 8. 



• •• 



*»* 



75ito90s 

 68 75 

 26 30 

 CoOFEm. 



Prime Meadow Hay 84s to 88s 



Inferior ditto... 

 New Hay 



Old Clover 



60 70 



-.. 



• *• 



. ' * 



Inferior 

 New Clover 



Straw ... 



* • • 



• # • 



«•• 



*•• 



* #• 





Fine Old Hay 

 Inferior ditto 

 New Hay 

 Old Clover 



• •• 



• «e 



... 80 84 



Whiteciiapel, AprU *• 

 ... 74s to 78s I New Clover ... 

 60 65 I Inferior ditto ... 



— — I Straw 



80 SS 



' • * 



• •* 



»«■• 



*•• 



..♦ 



68s to 75 s 

 26 



Baker. 



to— € 



70 



2a 



65 

 24 



• •* 



