* 



232 



THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE 



and several minutely-divided streams of cold 



the ends ; - . 



water are caused to fall on tiie top of this pine, through 

 perforations in a supply pipe. The effect of this ar- 

 rangement is, that the compound is forced round and 

 through (by the revolution of the screw-shaft) the first 

 pipe, whereby it will be dried. It is next forced through 

 the second pipe, and thereby cooled, without exposure 

 to the atmosphere, which prevents all chance of its 

 being oxidized. The double furnace is made with two 

 sets °of moveable tire-bars, one on each side, in order 

 that the carbonised peat may be discharged into a wheel- 

 barrow, and a fresh supply of peat substituted in one 

 furnace, while the fire is still burning in the other. 

 The carbonising chambers are made in the form of 

 pyramids, mounted on wheels, to run in a tank under- 

 neath the flue. They are filled with peat, which is 

 ignited and allowed to burn until carooiiised, when 

 water is admitted into the tank, and allowed to rise a 



short way up the sides of the chamber, sufficient t 



frevent the passage of air through the fire-bars, at 

 ottora, to their contents. When the carbonisation is 

 completed, the water is withdrawn, the chambers run 

 out, the tank emptied, re-filled with peat, wheeled back 

 into position, and the same process repeated. The 

 drying apparatus and chambers are placed in a shed for 

 protection from the weather. The A rchitect. 



Sale of Orchids. — A small collection, just imported, 

 was sold the other day, by Mr. Stevens, at the following 

 prices : — ThePaxton Dendrobe, from II. to 3/. 16s. ; the 

 Griffith ditto, from 13*. to 11, 10s. ; the Devonshire 

 ditto, from 13$. to 1/. 16s. ; the Cambridge ditto, from 

 XL to 21. 2s. ; the Farmer ditto, from 10*. to 21. 8s. ; the 

 Gibson, Dalhousie, and other sorts, from \0s. to 31. 3s. 

 A few fine plants of Saccolabium retusum, fetched from 

 31. 3s. to 11. 5s. — the highest price realised on the occa- 

 sion. Other kinds of Orchids, consisting of Ccelogynes, 

 Cymbidiums, Aerides, Acanthophippium, Camarotis, 

 Phaius, a "• yellow " Vanda, &c., fetched from os. to 

 30s. per lot, of which there were in all 213. 



a 



Calendar of Operations, 



(For the ensuing week.) 



FORCING DEPARTMENT. 



Pineries —As the season advances, the night tem- 

 perature may be increased to from 60 9 to 65 Q ; taking 

 advantage of fine weather to close with a sun heat of 

 from 90° to 05 Q , and syringing freely all except those 

 plants which are in blossom, or on which the fruit is 

 ripening. Let the state of the soil be frequently ex- 

 amined, to see that it is sufficiently moist beneath the 

 surface, as the repeated syringings will cause a damp 

 appearance, without penetrating sufficiently deep to 



moisten the whole. Vineries Attend to disbudding, 



and the thinning of bunches and berries in the succes- 

 sional houses ; and make use of the syringe no longer 

 than it can be done with propriety. After the fruit is 

 set, we seldom give more than one good syringing to 

 remove the remains of the blossom, as it is liable to 

 injure the bloom, if used after the berries have attained 

 any size. Peach-house.— Maintain a moderate tem- 

 perature during dull weather, with a rather dry at- 

 mosphere. In damp weather it will be necessary to 

 keep up the day temperature with fire heat ; giving 

 ample ventilation, to allow of the free egress of evapo°- 

 rated moisture. Keep the green fly in check by 

 fumigating, if the ordinary syringing of the house prove 

 insufficient. Pig-houss.— Figs require an abundance 

 of air, with free exposure to the light ; and without 

 these, a plentiful crop of good fruit need not be hoped 

 for. A moist atmosphere, and a liberal 

 water to the roots, are also essential - 

 roots are confined within 



each. In this way they will experience little or no 

 check, and will start into the new soil with much 

 greater freedom than if they had been confined in pots. 

 Sunflowers may be treated in the same way, as they 

 do not like transplanting ; and it is desirable to 

 get them into flower as early as possible. As soon as 

 the Primroses and others of the Polyanthus family have 

 done blooming they should be removed from the beds of 

 which they have lately been the ornament, that the 

 ground may be prepared for the summer beauties. The 

 plants which are taken up should be parted and planted 

 in some nice loamy soil in the reserve garden, watered 

 and shaded with evergreen branches till their roots are 

 re-established. In this situation they will prepare them- 

 selves for a repetition of their duties next spring. Those 

 who do not possess a stock of these useful plants cannot 

 commence at a better time. Seeds should be sown 

 in the reserve garden of Hollyhock, Dianthus, and other 

 biennials ; and also of perennials, especially of those 

 kinds which flower the first season ; some of the latter 

 may be sown at once in favourable situations, where 

 they may remain. 



FLORISTS* FLOWERS. 



No time should be lost with Carnations and Picotees. 

 They ought all to be in their blooming- pots by the latter 

 part of the week. Let the large pots be well drained ; 

 we generally place a small quantity of moss over the 

 broken bricks, bones, or whatever we may use for 

 drainage, with good effect ; this prevents the soil from 

 running down. If the compost has not been well 

 looked to, as a precautionary measure we would advise 

 a small piece of Potato inserted just below the soil for 

 a few days ; should there be a solitary wire worm, which 

 has escaped the previous search, most likely it will eat 

 its way into the Potato, in preference to the pith of the 

 layer — in which case it will be a lucky escape for the 

 amateur. Auriculas, in the south, will soon be in full 

 bloom, and should be carefully shaded from the sun ; 

 be careful that' they get no check at this critical period, 

 give a tolerable supply of soft water, with plenty of air, 

 to prevent their being drawn. Look well to the soil 

 where Dahlias are to be grown ; enrich it well with 

 manure, and prepare everything for the plants when 

 ready. 



KITCHEN GARDEN". 



Cardoon seeds should now be sown in 3-inch pots, two 

 seeds in each, and plunged near the glass in a close cool 

 frame ; the advantages of this method of raising them, 

 over sowing the seeds in the open air, is in the facility 

 which the former affords at planting season ; inasmuch 

 as the plants can be arranged according to their sizes, 

 and at the same time all blanks can be avoided. The 



a tale vl the *v t*\h 



as observe 



Babombtir, 



Friday.. 4 



Satur. ., 5 

 Sunday . f» 

 Monday 7 



Wed. .. 9 

 Tkurs. .. 10 



3 



4 







u 



i 



t 



9 



Average 



Max. 



30.100 

 30.023 

 S0.O66 



1 1 )5 



2&9S8 



29.911 

 29.934 



Min. 



30.025 



29.974 

 29.99 1 

 30.002 

 29.889 

 29.7(0 

 29.949 



™^,CbiMri£ u **K 



Tr 



* p «HAn M< 



Of the Air. 





Max. 



Mb. 



S3 



~V> 



51 



26 



47 



21 



49 



37 



50 



36 



*9 



28 



43 



35 



aefc 





Mean 





39., 

 3&a 

 34.0 

 43.0 

 43.0 



38.5 

 41.5 



46 

 4-i 

 45 

 44 

 43 



43 



April 



30.014 29.941 I 49.6 I 29 8 llg"? 



If 



44 

 44 



I 



442 



44,9 



4 



4 



4 

 4 



• 

 4 

 t 



4— Fine; Cloudy; clear: frosty. 

 5 -Clear; fine; bazv; frosty. 

 6-Clear ; cloudy ; clear, with sharp frost at nut* 

 i -Clear ; cloudy and cold , overcast at n 4 t 8 ' 

 8 -Cloudy and cold ; showery ; cloudy. *"" 

 9-Cold rain; c ear with shght fro*t at Bi^ht 

 10-tine; densely clouded; slight shower* 

 Mean temperature ot the week. 6< deg. below tht . 

 State of the Weather at Cniswick UuTruTthe W *■ *** 

 ensuing week, ending April 1$, lS5i^ 7t * n > *»fc 



Suuday 12 

 Mon 13 

 Tues. 14 

 Wed. 15 

 Thurs. 16 

 Friday 17 

 Satur. 18 



*>n . 



9) *j 





5 s= a 



55.5 



bb.b 



65.8 



5i.8 



38.0 



57.3 



39.4 



57.8 



36.9 



56.3 



36.0 



56.8 



37-4 



57.0 





46.9 

 45 8 

 47 6 

 48.6 



4;.g 



46.4 



«7. 



- 



No. of 

 Years in 

 which it 



Rained. 



11 

 10 

 15 



IS 



12 



7 



5 



Greatest 

 Quantity 

 ot Rain. 



0.12 in. 



0.31 



0.47 



0.P3 



0.32 



0.49 



0.2S 



PreniU^j^- 



occurred 



rr 



. & «*•**«*§ ttic swelling 



fruit should be of liquid manure. As 



supply of 



; and if the 



. reasonable limits, every 



alternate watering during the swelling of the 



1. . . , * manure. As the fruit 



begins to ripen, however, the atmosphere should be kept 

 rather drier ; and, m damp, dull weather, sufficient fire- 

 heat should be used, to permit the superabundant 

 vapour to escape. Let the later successions be brought 



^of^o y % firat 'i n a tem P erat *re by night of from 

 50 to -So". Melox Pixs.-Excessive moisture, during 

 the setting of the fruit, must be carefully avoided • and, 

 as it is an easy matter to thin them after all danger of 

 damping is over, it is a good plan to allow more to set 

 than will be ultimately wanted. Remove the blossoms 

 aB soon as they fade, and do not allow more males to 

 expand than are required, as they tend to weaken the 

 energies of the plants. Seeds of some of the best pre- 



'^nl\^ e / ie ^ h0Uld n ° W be S0Wn - The adaptability 



the flesh ; he "Old Scarlet-fleshed Rock- and the 

 Dampsha are those most generally approved of. 

 The flesh of the latter is of a 



old method involved considerable difficulty in earth in 

 up, as it frequently happened that a very strong plant 

 grew by the side of a very weak one, and to make the best 

 ofthe former, the latter was inevitably buried. Parsley 

 should be sown in drills about 12 inches apart, into 

 which a few seeds should be dropped at intervals of 6 

 inches ; the object in view being to remove all excepting 

 the best plants in each patch, as soon as the curl is dis- 

 tinguishable. As those which are left increase in size, 

 every alternate plant should be removed as they are 

 wanted for use, and the ground forked between the re- 

 maining plants, to encourage their growth, and so to 

 prevent their running to seed. Soot is a suitable 

 manure for this herb, and is particularly useful in 

 preventing or destroying the maggots, by which this 

 plant is so liable to be attacked. Where there is a 

 large quantity of the spring crop of Broccoli still unused, 

 the late heads should be selected and laid in under the 

 shade of a north wall ; and to shorten the interval be- 

 tween the last of them and the earliest Cauliflowers, 

 the latter should be stimulated by frequent applications 

 of liquid manure. 



HARDY FRCJIT GARDEN. 



After removing the superfluous shoots of Apricots, 

 the remaining ones should be carefully examined, in 

 search of the green caterpillar, which not only injures 

 the leaves, but, by eating holes in the young fruit, causes 

 it to gum and grow deformed, or to drop off before it is 

 stoned. When the fruit is set, more is to be feared from 

 | their ravages than from either frosts or storms. The 

 surest method of destroying these pests, is by "ently 

 pressing the leaves in which they are lodged between 

 the thumb and finger, and afterwards washing the trees 



; M 



cellany 

 Stove." J 



It is an old adage. 



« •! - -- - very deep °reen and 



besides answering for preserving purposes, it is very' 

 useful for dessert, more particularly so * ' 



as 

 have 



seen. Jt 



lum 



the latest and best keeping Melons" we 

 keeps till Christmas. 



Tt «« ^^V*? 0811 AND SHRUBBERIES. 



It is a good plan to SO w Convolvulus major, Tropteo- 



™n„ a U D * rie T ' and S ° me othei - half-hardy climbing 

 annuals, ,n a frame, ,„ such a manner that they can be 



Z£ £Z : Th t t eir Permanent *»**? at the 

 usual season. The best method is to lay some turves 



into , a irarue, with the grassy side downwards! After 

 beating them till quite flat, the seeds should be pressed 

 .nto the smooth surface 2 to 4 inches apart, and Ten 

 covered w.h a httle light soil. When ready for moving 

 to the borders, cut the turves with an edging iron into 

 small squares, containing one, two, or more plants in 



with clean water from the engine. 

 that prevention is better than cure, and to few thinra 

 does it mure truly apply than to the destruction of 

 wasps. At this season, every existing wasp is about 

 forming a nest ; and if they are now destroyed, before 

 they have had time to rear the first of their faun* ones 

 as a matter of course their innumerable proven v are* 

 destroyed along with them. Much loss of fruit will be 

 it is one of; prevented by offering a penny a head for every wasp 



caught before a certain date, from the 20th of May to 

 the 1 st of June, according to the locality. The distance 

 must of course be limited ; but as a large fruit garden 

 is so great an attraction, a two mile circuit will not be 

 too much, in a general way. The disbudding of Peach 



[ and Nectarine trees against flued walls should now be 

 proceeded with, removing only a few at a time, and 



; going over them at intervals of a week or 10 days, until 

 all have been removed that are not required for layin- 



; in as bearing wood for next year, or for extending and 



The highest temperature duriog the above nerind 



lS44-therin. 71 de*.; and the lowest on the 16ih, 1847^^2^* - 



Notices to Correspondents. 



Back Numbers : Full price will be given for No 1 

 No 1, 1848. ' ■ 



Books: T W G. Beck's "Florist, Fruitist, aDdGar^w 



ny»-PFL C. M'Intosh's " Greenhouse, Hot^JJ 



Calceolarias : Mrs. M. Kentish Hero, Saltan, andAtn^* 

 are good kinds for bedding out.J ' ^"» 



Columbine : Sub* Mr. Grigor, Nurseryman, Forres XR 



Club : Old Sub. We are not aware that liquid manari tetfct 

 increase the evil. The best remedy is to put wood-Mfcn u 

 the holes along with the Cabbages, <fcc., at planti ogling 



Cyrtoceras : Sub, You keep them too waim; thatis^L 

 of their buds dropping.^ 



Fabiana imbrtcata : Mr*, H. It is hardy about Loodotk* 

 you had perhaps best treat it like a Heath. It ma? ben. 

 pagated by cuttiDgs.J 



Garden Nets : B F. Steep them in a tan.pit; that niJl rrn 

 them a " darkish colour, as well as render them 

 durable."} 



Glass: Cartmel. We should use rough plate. The other qae§- 

 tion next week } 



Horticultural Society : A Lady. Each Fellow of this Socu 

 is able to introduce personally oue friend, provided witk 

 the usual ticket, at half past 12 o'clock; or he may ben. 

 presented by his wife or sister, provided she is furaiihed 

 with an Admission Ticket, signed by the Fellow whoo du 

 represents. These are the only conditions under wLichtki 

 entree can be gamed. 



Linum flavum : Jaoies Charles. This is an undershrub,«dMt 

 a herbaceous plant, strictly speaking. But ruUs are dnws 

 very tii-ht when it is excluded from herbaceous phuti f 

 cultivated in this country. It is not a shrub— but, lik»d 

 undershrube, half-way between a herb and a busb, WfcK 

 will the conumiitee call Mignonette? an annual? a per* 

 nial ? a shrub ? or what ? 



Names of Plants: EG. Some Acacia; we will tell jo« w 

 specirjc name next week, if the plant has one.— We m sal 

 obliged, though most unwillingly, to beg Redwood and otlim 

 to have patience till another week.— HL. Mormodesstnatam, 

 — WR. Akebia quinata.— T P U. The Moss caUedBrjwi 

 ligulatum —GaWcus. We do not recognise the vanetj.tttooB 

 like a morsel of the Irish Yew, starved iu bad soil-; 

 Cyti.us canadensis; 2, C. microphyllus. Compare m 

 with Genista tmctoria, and you will see the diflereDce. 



Old Pear Trees : Surrey Clay. You should give tbemjjw 

 half rotten s able manure; loosen the border caremuy, 

 see that it is well drained ; and then begin to renovate am 

 by gradually removing the old shoots and spurs, ana re. 

 placing them with young wood. It is too late to begin m 

 Get the border in order in the autumu, and men a* » 



further advice. . , . ... -— 



Potatoes : R W. Received, and will be noticed att&epr** 



, * 



Sea^'le : A J B. From what you state we should jog 

 tbat the roots are too old. You had better take ^ tbemj 

 divide them, and replant them now, or tf*^^^ 

 Salt is a good manure for Seakale. Apply rt after the pm 

 have fairly started into growth. J . it * 



Smyrna Cucumber: J S. All considerable seedsmen keep iw 

 strawberries: A B, Next week. , feris L 



Tanner's Bark: A Sub .This is a *\fl°™[™%wi* 

 The best thing you can do is to char it, and then ma 



liquid manure. f . w _:n yield 50a 



Tulip Bed : J P. We know of no catalogue that J^ : ^ 



any assistance. You should read that part of oar 



of Operations" which relates to Tulips.? 

 Verbenas: Warner. Next week. P foctual ifl ** 



Walks: H B, We never yet found anTt ^ ng h € o n "Lr,unaet- 



moving weeds except manual labour, w e, j » inf „&k 



stand that a process has been ai scoV f re ^Jh " iilb ecoinfl* 

 we are making inquiries, the result ot which win 



nicated in due time. rt „+ fl /»t with the && 



Misc: White Rose. Zinc coming in close contact 1^ m 



oxidises 



of plants will be injurious to them, |f^;;; s0 M * 



rr 

 o 



01 plants v**n uc lmuiivua •■" -— - ' , : -. nnPftr SO W"i 7 



thread-like moss in your pond will not djWR^.U „* 

 the water i? stagnant, unless you cover 1 ; wu nQ ^ 



will exclude li*ht.-4 Lady. Cold and damp ^ ^ ^ 

 caused your Tom Thumb Geraniums to .^ Yiomn0 ^t 

 you mention. You may^iW^ourdoubie 



SEEDLING FLOWBBS. g ^ 



Amaryllis : J G, Bath. A noble dark wd tiower, w 



of white up the centre of each petal. ^ 



Azalea : JG. Apparently a nice variety. $ Q teqw* 



Cinerarias: S W. Worthless.*—/ and #£»\% i» the belt- - 



the kinds now in cultivation about London . ^ ^ 



WandD. 7 is uncommon in colour^ botj ^•^W 



A Ken** 1. !?** 



1 



Of the other three sorts. 13 is, P e [ h *P*' ,, 1 w biw. -^ 

 All worthless as show flowers. W A /»^ se f goo* ^ 

 with lilac ; centre dark ; petals b ro ^ M ^" e V and a I 

 Stance, and well arranged ; a large , boM n etrb ir 



2, purplish crimson self, 



trusser. 

 centre 



sized flower. ~, , - - ... 



surrounding a dark centre; * iTlkin K ^f t h pun> lfl > Srf 

 ance.*-^ V, Mid- Lothian. White, edged wiin f^ ^ 





maintaining the tree. 



By some unaccountable mistake in last week's Calen- 



?5 J h %¥ rs Pfincc Albert Rhubarb,- was called 

 " Myatt's Prince Albert," 



dark 



a large an 



• 



d yery de.irable «« e, J^ w itb *• * 

 packing is e xcelIent.*-iWO. All »™™*;^ m ? , „,, 

 caption of S. 6, and 9, scarcely wor.h culnvat , p ^ 



Primcla : J O N. Apparently ■ n ™»^f?rSi« waiW fl5 

 RRUD..DE.O.OKI: WB. A very handle t ru« bejgbt c*» 



5 inches wide at the base, and 5 incw e perp «»» 



white, tinged with pink, and spotted on «« 







