Till AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 



•j:ii 



LIST OF AKTIFItiAl M iBBB 



ottot 



Manure, par mere. 



RlMAl*t. 





1 



* ri!. |MM .11 4 U 



1 fwL comosoa 



salt 10 



U cwt. salt-") 



l|r rate f * 19 * 



of pot*»h J 



| cwt. of gyp. 



lutn t 



PAKT III. U T G( JESTED ARTIFICIAL MAN 

 ] >ui \1L1AKI! l] ...MM 



£3 5 6 



ThU miiture Mr 

 Ntsbitt prop<»sas on 

 trial. There can b* 

 little d ibt t as i 

 contain* nitrogen in 

 abundance, that |i 



I be successful 

 Woollen rsi:*. the 

 manur 

 r bop», i loss* in 



rogeo. We should 

 mix with ashes. 



14 



x 5 



Cm of 



Mixture — 



Special or 

 General. 



ai position of the 

 Manure, per acre. 



RtHsAkS. 





e ! special— t< t Peruvian 



Turnips <fc| guano atl 10 



lbs. b »ne-du«t« or This misure, we 

 WIN du^olrea in sui- do not hesitate to 

 yhu ' a 1. say. for practical 



lbs. pyp*uin. reasons mentioned 



lbs. pearl aaJies. in the sequel, ha» 



»ba. soda ashes. its several in^re- 



lh*. ilaaed magnasian dieots much too 



Hose, or <mall, even if w 



lbs. nb. majrROtifi msider only th 



and 5 iba, quicklime, miu< ral constitu 



mixed and substituted enti of the It 



for last ingredient. is sUo totally marl*. 



qnate to a rd the 

 requisite organic food the crap req aires. I 

 i very rare to fiod alkaline r irbonaJas i 



t>!«ut» — although thev are produced durinir 

 be r i mantra n. Iu all cute* ;hey should 



be use 1 with caution. 





c 



*J 



c 

 ■ 



T. - 







Use of 



Mixture— 

 SpecUl or 



(jeoernl. 



QsropaaMsS of the 

 Manure, per acre. 



Rbmssks. 



GreenCrop.2 cwt. animal 



charcoal 



1 cw.bulpfauiic 



acid 



I cwt. carbonate 



magnetia ... 

 1 cwt. tut ph. of 



soda o 



1 cwt. muriate 



ammoTiia 15 



1 cwt. Common 



salt 



3cwt.horn.dust 



J cwt. carbonate 

 potash 



8 



9 4 



5 



5 





-J 



iRTH. 



-SI . TFJ) AHTIFH I KLl 



>K U «EKAL IM RIM -. 



frst lava. 



Composition, per cwa, 



« 





fa* lbs. of bone dust, 

 3 lbs. sulphate ammonia 

 \\ ibs. pearl ashes, 



lhs. common salt, 

 lbs. sul hate soda* 

 Coat about 9*. 



« ; eneral 

 Purposes. 



1 

 4 



6 6 



£* 3 10 



j Sea Taais 4. I p- n 



i Turnip** this mil 

 ture .rare an in 



rease «>f It ton 

 over 15 tons of extra 

 dung. It increased | 

 the rr»p of Potatoes 

 also per cen 



The error in this 

 ■und manur 



I 



is the amah quantity 

 f potash, which i» 



fie main SSftstitu- 

 rit of Turnips. A 



small quantity b. 

 indeed > ntained in 

 the putno as well. 

 but tl;i* is not suf- 

 ticien -L. P.] 



l 



_ 



f 







Mr.PLiMiac 



1| Barroamaa, 



Pais e j. 

 lanfrew. 



For cases in which 



this haa been em. 

 p! ed, sea lal/e 3. j 



Fi do 3 to 4 owl 

 per acre of tin 



mixture should b- 

 used. 





<•< -neral 

 Purpose*. 



1 cwt. sulphate 



ammonia fQ M 



80 ib*. nitrate of 



s«wia 15 



% cwt. gypsum... 4 





c 



{•ecial— for I EoouJi ashes to 



Turnips <V 

 GreeuCrop. 



pa ration is to mix 





(A.) £1 15 I 



In our trials, se« 

 fable 4. bo:h tbU 

 and the subjoined 

 on x ture was uvfu 1 

 0|is an ao&iiiary. 1 

 is adapted f>r 

 -pnnjr dressing 

 ^rain crops I T I • i - 

 cannot properly be 

 tiled a tnanui h- 

 it is dentiem in 



msny neeaaaary in, 

 rttdieutr.— L. 1* ] 



m 



i 



a 



added, attar the mix tbeaeU and rough 

 turc has been made bones tof ether i* 

 about threa mouth*., Un- mat r that 

 to form a compost lor masons make up 



drilling 



« 



18 lbs. of bones dissolvedl This has tr 

 in sulphuric acid, {qtiently been us» 



18 lb*, ol charcoal pow. with success. Se» 





m 



P be. eajph. ammonia, 

 1" lbs. ot common salt, 

 10 Ibs. of gypsum, 

 41 Ibs. of wood-%*hes, 

 I lb . of nitrate soda, 

 1 lb. of «ulphare soda, 

 1 lb. of sul oh. maune 

 fo <b«»ut l"j. 



1 fes3 M nd4. 



Not less th*n 5 

 cars, per acre of thi* 

 coanposinon should 

 be employed. 



* lbs. nitrate of 



soda.. £0 : 



♦ ;<» lhs. Miiphata 



tiimonia 8 



I cwt. gypsum 4 



Animal oil o 5 



(B.) £1 4 



* 



With the additioa 

 f x cwt. of Miper- 

 ph jbate. this 

 be m renh 



what it isca-led a 

 < bone hubsti ute 



^s it is, It c.m on I) 



be dep**n«!«*d on as 

 an auxiliary. 



1$ cs-t of bones, 

 and 1 (jr. 

 ashes, and soil 

 saturated with 



liquid manure 



from the tank 



I cwt. of £Um no 1 



1 cwt. of aalt u t 

 *' cwt. of gyptum " 



•the walla 



of the basin being 

 made of the nna 

 bone-dust. In this 

 state they are left 

 for s< veral days ; 

 alter v .ch, the hue 

 dust is mixed with 

 the dissolved bones 

 and thrown into a 

 heap, upon which 

 the other in gra- 

 nts are spread in. 



faltt-rnafelaaara. In 

 month the heap 



should be opened 

 and t lie whole of the 

 sabstano * tho- 



i!y minglad, 



after which the neap 



may be slightly 



ivered with earth 



ami remain till 

 »pniag, when it will 

 be lit for use. Tha 

 man • «hould ba 

 nmade in quantities 



• 



(B.) 



£1 2 6 





special— for est of 4-Inch 



Turnips <fc 

 GreenCrop. 



* 



S3 

 



u 



bones 



oissolved in 



4 cwt «ul. a< id 

 and mix*-d with 

 \ cwt. hne bone- 

 dust .. 

 I cwt. of Kuano 

 I cwt. of salt ... 

 "I cwt, of g)psum 



2 8 



2 4 



oral 



acres at one time. 



Mixture. H should 



be made into a heap 

 and allowed to 1 

 tor three or foufc 

 nths before it i 



aaaaV w i > en used 



without farm ma- 

 nure upon pO'»r ho Lift 

 u to ay be applied in 

 larger quantity 

 n mat spec: tied. 



2 



2 

 2 



(A.) 



£L 2 



This mixture I* 



equally well adapted 



for use as a sub«i 



ite for fsr vard 

 manure. In such 

 cases, on very pooi 

 v -oil«. the quantity 



of bones may be 



I do l.-.l. 



0| I'uring thepresent 

 sea«on t 1H48, it ha- 



2 pro*! need most 

 S'rikin^ results on 



the Turnip cr-»p. 

 Our mode of nre- 



Totatocs. 



<S 







1 qr. of rape- 



oost 18 



2 cwt. of guano 1 

 I cwt. sulphate 



aoda 6 



I cwt. common 

 salt ,0 2 I 



£3 6 o 



For mixture with 10 or 

 12 cubic yards ordiuarin 

 .jood farm manure. 



When no farm- 

 | ard manure can be 

 had, this mixture 

 villi act as a substi- 

 tute. In such cases 

 double the above 

 quaatlty of com- 

 pound aust be ap- 

 plied. The quan- 

 tity specified here 

 is about the proper 

 .quantity to use as an 

 [auxiliary to 10 or 12 

 cubic yards ot farm- 

 yard manure. Wa 

 have witnessed tha 

 good effects of this 

 mixture on many 



»c« ns. 



m h cJcU's Cyck f Agriculture. 



-« 



Home Correspondence. 



I ining, — Tho powerful expan- 



t hat soils, particuln - ^-, 



_, to craafa or to fill them up, has to b 

 naideretl in th i Lee ting of forma for pipes 

 ortilea to baused in drminiag, I have lately had to 

 lato up a long length of drain that has been laid only 

 At or seven years, formed of half-circle 6 inch tiles, 

 |bttd together, so aato form a cylinder ; and not tth- 

 feoding these tiles are f of an inch thick, they were 

 had for many yards together split aloi le back, and 

 irrren into the drain. The oil is the Weal den clay 

 Iithia and otlier situations, I also have found 3-inch 

 f«pes having for their transverse m >n a circle with a 

 narrow opening at bottom, resting on feet, perfectly 

 ptaiedup The cb having evident! been pressed in, 

 •Mil it had be< e as hard inside as the exterior ; and 



lave seen drains made with slabs of 

 and useleav. in a few vears. Tins 



this rt were use<l in 1760, at Grandeshury Hall, in ma^ic influence does such an instructor's words paaaom t 



tant failures resulted from their use, and 



daft, choked up, ana useless, in a few years 



up of the drains, I have little dodbt, is done bjf 



•K praasore of the soil, partly by its weight, and partly 



jyfri alternate expansion and contraction, under the 



•■■Hate influence of wet and drought. The soil round 

 At 



Suffolk, coo 



many of the tiles were found to be choked up with clay, 

 and many to be broken longitudinally through the crown. 

 For the first evil, two rem. 'dies were adopted ; a sole of 

 slate or wood, or of its own material, wai sometimes 

 passed under the tile, but the more usual practice was 

 to form them with club feet. To meet the case of lon- 

 gitudinal fracture, the tiles were reduced in size, and 

 very much thic ned, in proportion to their area. The 

 first of these remedies was founded on an entirely mis- 

 taken, and the second on no conception at all, of the 

 cause of the evil to which they were respectively applied. 

 i he idea was that this tile, stand ir. on narrow feet, and 

 pressed by the weight of th re-filled soil, sunk into the 

 Moor of the drain ; whereas, in fact he floor of the drain 

 rose into the tile. Any one at all conversant with col- 

 - is aware, that when a straight work is driven in 

 •oa.1, which is a small subtfrran* an tunnel 6 feet high, 

 and 4 feet wide* the risii of the floor is a more usual 



What the power of his persuasive eloquence, that could 

 in a casual visit soften the prejudices ol ears, the 

 rigidity of confirmed ignorance, and well nursed anti- 

 pathies against all innovation upon established rights* 

 He may tell a farmer what to do ; but how to do it, how 

 to accomplish an nd when the means are absent, is a 



That class of farmers, in the last 



serious proposition, 

 agonising struggles to support a shattered frame, in the 

 tillage of a worn-out soil, with an empty pocket, a pau- 

 perised mind, and the dreadful prospective ol a gloomy 

 workhou aid an early grave, cannot attend to the 

 lessons of an instructor. Let the instructor visit a 

 " strong farmer," and he will find it difficult to convince 

 him, who is so dilatory to be reform < 1 by improved 

 practice. Uneducated Irishmen are of strong pre- 

 judices, fixed habits, and of indomitable attachment to 

 their own ways of thinking and acting ; they have a 

 peculiar reluctance to cliange any mng-practised custom 



and is it rratural if the small farmer, 



for any reason 

 and far more inconvenient occurriu" than the falling of the atrojjler between complex hopes and impending 



the roof the weight of the two sides squeezes up the 

 floor." Hewitt Davis, 3, F ieruJc'spla , Old Jewry, 



pip* ■rooming cnargea in tne winter sense n with 

 panded and pressed into the pipe ; and on the 

 ving it, shrinking back, and so much of the 

 been pressed in, and would not return, would 

 os left behind ; and in this way, the drain, by additions, 

 J*Jf"^ *r, gradually fills, and eventually, from the 

 ^~J*1 pressure, is plugged up. I was once present 

 *** e x a mi n ati on of a leaden coffin that had been du >• 



In following 



April 4. 



Th Presmt State of J sh Agrimlth . 



up my remarks on the practical instruct n of the adult 

 population, as promulgated by Lord Clarendon, I am not 

 prepared to say how far such a scheme has pro\ 1 

 cessful. I cannot believe so sanguinely of the extensive 

 benefits conferred as others do. 1 . Because I reside in 

 one of the most wretched 1 



Bfcvmgbeen buried many ages. It was squeezed 

 j I form ; and on opening was found to be full of 

 •™» w hich, I have no doubt, had been gradually 

 **«d into it. by the expansive force alluded to ; and 

 •»ff»thad th been, that the bones of the skeleton 



•tented their form intn tUn h^if^m ^f *k« a ^«r« 



I 



phased to find that this force of soils has 





•^Pjd the notice of the clever writer 



** jcoarterly Review," No. CLXXL, _ „ 111V .„ „«, 



*»*» keen published in a separate form (« Agricultural 



doaa 1 ^* J ° hn Murra y) : for lt *ows xbs the very 

 2* w praetetal attention he has given to the sub- 

 i^, and l quote, wi h pleasure " * 

 and 



nis words:—" We shall 

 many of our readers, when we state 

 _£ wmmm 1M average soils, and still more particn 

 ^iL??* 8 wh «chare inclined to be tet er, horse 

 ■j,. ,» T * fQrm "• weakest and most failing conduit 

 -^ las ever been used for a deep drain. Tiles of 



fllfl 



.lities of I reland, where 

 lture is very backward, and where practical in- 

 structors have been successively appointed, the efficacy 

 of whose labours appears to me, and many others, very 

 questionable indeed. I know of no instance of indi- 

 vidual improvement effected 



improvement effected through their agency. 

 The extensive districts allotted to each instructor, in 

 seme cases exceeding a circuit of 20 miles, must render 

 his efforts exceedingly superficial. 3. As practical in- 

 structors are not permanently employed, it is not un- 

 reasonable to ask, what amount of interest they have at 

 stake in the success of their duties ? Of course it is 



2. 



hoped every instructor is interested. How far is it to 

 to be expected t it a practical instructor, a stranger, 

 visiting a small farmer deficient in capital, industry, and 

 without the means of providing the morrow's support, 

 can produce a healthful, a permanent change in his 

 affairs, who knows, and apparently desires to know no 

 more than the mere growth of the Potato crop \ 



ruin, views with distrust the dictates of a stranger — the 

 precepts that come unrecommended by example I 

 Hence, I say, this mode of instruction is uncertain. 

 Estate agriculturists approximate more to the real wants 

 of prac ally educating the adult population, than that 

 set on foot by nay Lord Clarendon. These agriculturists, 

 when under a sensible proprietor, can accomplish infinite 

 • >od, supported by a proprietor who will act upon rea- 

 sonable suggestions ; the agriculturist can forward the 

 interests of an improving tenant, and check the negli- 

 gence of an indifferent one. It would be well in every 

 case to grant the agriculturist a patch of land for a 

 model farm, to practically explain what he teaches. 

 Attention to these matters formed the road to that 

 successful career of local and general good which cha- 

 racterised the late Mr. Blacker, of Armagh. Landlords 

 are not to console themselves with the idea that having 

 employed the services of an agriculturist, they have done 

 their duty to their tenantry. They have but performed 

 an important step towards a great improvement, which 

 to be accomplished must be supported by subsequent: 

 legitimate means on their part, continued. Agricul- 

 tural publications, like other means of improving Irish 

 farming, are few and feeble. The press is a powerful 

 engine, when properly directed, for the moral, social, 

 and industrial instruction of the people. But in Ireland 

 I may safely say we have no such means. We depend 

 What j upon the English press for developing agricultural im- 



