



r 





THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 



24!) 



i III' VI AN GUANO. 



CAUTION TO AOBICULTUBISTa 



C lii wtoHoot that wtcntire adulterations of 

 wA\L'RB*raiUll carried o~ 



At TBS 



0\UT IMPORTERS OF PERUVIAN GUANO 

 ^-ttelttoba tbeir duty to the Penman Government and 

 C to?Tub\le*9™ torfcommend Farmers and all other? who 

 Hw» bt carefullj on their guard. 



^wh.racter of the parties from whom they pun-bate will of 

 » hatha beat aecuritr, and in addition to particular at ten- 

 w ibat point, ANTONY GIBBS and SONS think it well 

 remind buyera that— 



JV fomrt wholesale price at which sound Peruvian 

 u been sold by them during the last two years 

 im ** ~. per ton, less 2± per cent. 



km raaalei made by Dealers at a lower price must therefore 

 tither leave a loss to them, or the article must be adulterated. 



T"~HE~ LONDON MANURE COMPANY beg to 

 offer, as under, CORN MANURE, most valuable _for 



LUUCI} w***» -m.**** v **«-», ~- 



_\ ME dressing— Concentrated Urate, Superphosphate of Lime, 

 tr*» of Soda, Sulphate of Ammonia, Fishery and Agricui- 



LmJ Salts Oypsma, P«nO Hones, sulphuric Acid, an d every 



IJhTf Artificial Manure ; also a constant supply of English 

 uTforeign Linseei-cake. Peruvian Guano, guaranteed the 

 •Mine importation of Messrs. A. Gibbs and Sons, 91. 10s. per 



or 9/. 3*. in quantities of 5 tons and upwards. 



Edwsbd Pu»beb, Secretary. 



44, Bridge-street, Black friars. London. 



A NT RES. — The following ManureB are mani:- 



_ factured at Mr. La web's Factory, Deptford Creek : 



Clover Manure, per ton ,..£11 



Turnip Manure, do. ... ... ... ... 7 



Superphosphate of Lime 7 



Sulphuric Acid and Coprolites 5 



Office, 69, King W illiam-street, City, London. 

 5.B. Peruvian Guano, guaranteed to contain 16 per cent, of 

 Ammonia, 91 10*. per ton ; and for 5 tons or more, 91. 5s. per 

 too, in dock. Sulphate of Ammonia, etc. 1 



ARTIFICIAL MANURES. — PRIVATE IN- 

 STRUCTIONS in Chemical Analysis and the most ap- 

 rTed methods of making Artificial Manures are given by 

 C. Kit bit, F.C.S.. F.G.S., at the Laboratories, Scientific 

 School, &tt, Kennington-lane, London. 



Analyses of Soils, Manures. Minerals, Ac, performed as 

 usual, on mod erate tetms. 



GUANO AND OTHER MANURES.— Peruvian 

 Guano of the finest quality ; Superphosphate of Lime j 

 Gvpsom ; Salt ; Nitrate of Soda ; Moffat's Patent Concentrated 

 City Sewage Manure, and all others of known value. — Apply to 

 Mask Fothkboill, 204, Upper Thames-street, London. 



ESICCATED ANIMAL MANURE.— This 



Manure, which has proved so eminently successful in the 

 culture of both Cereal and Green Crops, can now be had of the 

 Manufacturers, J. M'Call and Co, 60, Spring Gardens, Man- 

 Chester ; Ritchie and M'Call, 137, Houndsditch, London ; and 

 of all Agents. Price 6i. 10s. per ton, including bags delivered 

 on the rail in Manchester. — Copies of Analysis and Testimo- 

 nials forwarded post free on application. Agents wanted. 



OSE FOR LIQUID MANURE, Fire-engine, 



and agricultural purposes, made of canvass, lined and 

 coated with gutia purcha ; it is about one-third the price of 

 leather or india-rubber, will convey liquids of all kinds under 

 a heavy pressure, it is extensively used at the Government 

 public works ; also by the navy, and amongst agriculturists, 

 giving universal satisfaction. Testimonials and prices may be 

 obtained of Messrs. Burgess and Key, 103, Newgate-street, sole 

 mau u fact u re rs.— London Agents : Messrs. Deane, Dray, and 

 Deane, Swan-lane; Messrs. Tilley, Black friars-road.— Country 

 Agents : Messrs. Ransome and Parsons, Ipswich ; Messrs. J. 

 and S. Johnson, Liverpool; Messrs. Dickson, Hull; Mr. S. 

 Wilson, Agent for Scotland. 



rFRUE DRUMHEADS for CATTLE, also EARLY 



-*- BATTERsEA, the large Imperial, Early Vanack, <fcc, 

 at THOMAS WELLANDS, Surrey Gardens, near Godalming, 

 Surrey, packed and delivered at theGodalming Station, 3s. Gd. 

 per 1000 ; the large Asiatic Cauliflower Plants, 3s. per 100. 



AGRICULTURAL SEEDS. 



BASS & BROWN'S PRICED and DESCRIPTIVE 

 AGRICULTURAL SEED LIST may be had free by post. 

 The following of best quality delivered free to London, Ips- 

 wich, Norwich, or any station on the same line of Railway. 

 PERMANENT PASTURE GRASSES, to Buit various soils. 



—Mixtures for soils in general, including proper proportions of 

 Clover, per acre, 24 a. 



Mixtures supplied to suit soils of every description, the nature 

 of the soil being stated ; and if intended to be sown either 

 with or without a crop. Any sorts supplied separate, if re- 

 quired, according to order, of which a list of prices of different 

 kinds may be bad. 



FINE MIXED GRASSES FOR LAWNS, BOWLING 

 GREENS, 6c, 40s. per acre, 5s. per peck, or Is. 3d. per lb. 

 RYE-GRASS, true Italian ... per bushel 0». 6<f. 



Perennial 



Stickney's Improved do. 

 Prcct 

 CARROT, large white Belgian 



,, large Altringham 



MANGOLD WURZEL-Red Globe and Yellow 



I* 



m 



if 



• .. 



. .. 



• • . 



per lb. 



♦» 



4 



6 

 

 1 



8 



6 

 

 8 

 



Globe 



• • - 



• • ■ 



Long Yellow 

 Drumhead Cattle Cabbage 

 Rivers' new Stubble Swede Turnip 







 

 2 



2 



6 

 9 



6 

 



See our 



fe-*t Stock of Turnips and all other Agricultural Seeds. 



r-i 



ie. 



Bass and Baowlrr-S 



Prices to the Trade on application, 

 ^d and Horticultural Establishment, 

 Sudltas^ Suffolk. 



T 



GRASS AND OTHElt-SEEDS. 



HOMAS GIBBS and Co., the>t>^Jsmen to the 



_* "Royal Agricultural Society of Englan^v corner of 

 Half Moon-Street Piccadilly, beg to call the- attention 



>l. eir fnenos to the following Steds : 



Mixtures of selected Natural Grasses for laying dowa Land 

 •o permanent Meadows and Pastures, apportioned to suit the 

 nature of the soil. 



Mixtures for portions of Parks near Mansions. 

 Mixtures for Garden Lawns and Grass Plots. 

 Mixtures for renovating Old Pasture Land. 

 Italian and other Rye-grasses, 

 ^kite Belgian and Red Altringham Carrots. 

 Gtbba* new very large Parsnip. 

 Orange Globe Mangold Wurzel. 

 Long Red and other kinds. 

 Drumhead and Thousand-headed Cabbages. 

 ^Swedes, Hjbrids, and oth.r Turnips. 

 Rovers, Kohl Rabi, French and English Furze. 

 Sainfoin, Rape, Tares, White Mustard, and all Agricultural 

 wd Kitchen Garden Seeds, Ac. 



•rlu* 1 Lists are now re » d 3 r » and ^N be forwarded free, on 

 ^Ucation, by post, or otherwise, to comer of Half Moon- 

 •vrect Piccadilly. London- 



MBa1)UW AM) PASl'Utir. 0KA>3 M^tlis. 



GEORGE GIBBS and CO. beg to notice their 

 mixtures of GRASS SEEDS for L: ng Land down to 

 Permanent Grass, are now ready for delivery. They have 

 reduced the price to 30s. per acre, allowing 2 bushels 1*2 lbs. to 

 the acre. 



Mixed sorts for improving old Grass Land, Is. 2d. per lb. 



Fine sorts, for forming Lawns, Is. 3J. per lb. Directions for 

 sowing will accompany the Seeds. 



Geobge Gibbs and Co. will feel happy in sending general 

 priced Catalogues of Agricultural and Garden Seeds, on appli- 

 cation to 26, DO WN. ST IVEET^kc^^y^on^on. 



SKIRVING's IMPROVED TURNIP SEEDS. 



W r M. SKIRVING begs to announce to his friends 

 and the public that he has fixed the price of his IM- 

 PROVED SWEDB, and also the PURPLE-TOP YELLOW- 

 BULLOCK, at 9d. per lb. 



In connequence of W. S. having extended the growth, and 

 having had a very abundant crop of the Seed of his Improved 

 Turnips, he is this season enabled to offer it at the above 

 reduced price, and he is also induced to take this step to pre- 

 vent Agriculturists being imposed upon by the sale of spurious 

 Seeds, offered at a low rate, under his name. 



W. S. can, with perfect confidence, recommend these Turnips 

 as being the best now in cultivation, la every respect, whether 

 for the greatest crop, the best quality, or for keeping, according 



to the time of sowing. 



All other Agricultural Seeds, of the best quality, at very 

 moderate prices. A remittance or reference is requested from 

 unknown Correspondents. 



N.B. W. Skirting has no Agent in town or country. 



Queen-square, Liverpool, April, 1851. 



URE WATER raised to any height from a small 



stream, where a fall can be obtained, by FREEMAN ROE 

 and HANSON'S IMPROVED RAM; less waste, by two-thirds, 

 than those ordinarily in use. Portable Steam Engines for Agri- 

 cultural purposes, Threshing Machines, Deep- well Pumps, 

 Water-wheels, Baths, Hot-water Apparatus, and Fountains. 

 Towns supplied with Gas or Water. Drawings and Estimates 

 made.— Freeman Roe and Hanson. Hydraulic and Gas Engi- 

 neers : Office, 70, Strand, Londo n . ^_ 



DO YOU BRUISE YOUR OATS? 



HORSE KEEP.— Oat Bruisers, Chaff Cutters, 

 Ploughs, 42s., Shares, 5s. per dozen ; Rollers, Wheat 

 Mills, Bean Mills, Steam En.ines, Scarifiers. Turnip Cutters, 

 Dressing Machines, Drills, Threshing Machines, Wood and 

 Iron Harrows, Steaming Apparatus, Scotch Carts, Hay- 

 making Machines, Horse Hay Hakes, and Drug Mills. First 

 class goods warranted. Mart Wedlake and Co., 118, Fen- 

 church -street. Most liberal discount for cash. Goods de- 

 livered free. On receiving six postage-stamps a list, with 107 

 engravings, will be sent tree. 



adopted to give the - adity to me suit absolutely 

 requisite to pit vent the crop losing plant from wire- 

 worm or frost. 



And 



ags 



? 



these old Sainfoin leas assist the 





first cuttin 



She agricultural ©alette* 



SATURDAY, APRIL 19, 1851. 



MEETINGS FOR THE TWO FOLLOWING WEEKS. 

 Trumiut, April 24- Agricultural Imp. Soc. of Ireland. 

 Widnkidat, — 30 -Agricultural Society of Entland. 



Tuuhidat, Ma/ 1_ Agricultural Imp. Soc. of Ireland. 



There are certain crops whose agricultural merits 

 demand for them a more extensive cultivation than 

 they have hitherto obtained, which deserve, on that 

 account, special notice in this section of our Journal ; 

 among them is Sainfoin, which is almost as much 

 unknown in some districts as it is universally cul- 

 tivated in others. Plants of the same botanical cha- 

 racter, such as Clovers, Tares, &c, are much more 

 general in their distribution over land of varied 

 nature ; but they are not of more importance than 

 Sainfoin to the farmer who has land suitable for its 

 growth. On the limestone soils of the Cots wold 

 Hills, and upon the sheep farms of the chalk 

 formation of Wiltshire, Hampshire, and Berkshire, 

 it was, until the more extended introduction of the 

 system of Turnip farming, almost the mainstay of 

 the stock keeper ; and even now it is acknowledged 

 to be of so much importance that there is a clause 

 in many leases that a certain quantity of land shall 

 be left in Sainfoin at the expiration of the term, and 

 that this shall be valued to the incoming tenant 

 according to its age and quality. Sainfoin is also 

 grown upon the chalky and gravelly soils of Herts, 

 Cambridgeshire, Suffolk, and Norfolk. In the two 

 latter counties its cultivation is extending rapidly 

 and beneficially to the farmer, as it is found to be 

 ona of the best preparatory crops for Wheat, and 

 its produce of hay or sheep feed is well known to 

 be of the most healthy, nutritious, and fattening de- 

 scription. In the southern counties, and upon the 

 Cots wold Hills, the land remains in Sainfoin for a 

 term*of years varying from four to seven, and some- 

 times even more. The first year's growth is infe- 

 rior to the second ; but, after a certain time, the 

 Grasses natural to the land, and the growth of seeds 

 from the hay upon which the sheep are partly fed 

 during winter when upon Turnips, quite smother the 

 Sainfoin, and the produce deteriorates in value; but 

 still the rest the land has from corn cropping imparts a 

 freshness to it, which is shown in the following crop, 

 whether of grain or roots. The small return from 

 the Sainfoin itself, when the land becomes covered 

 with Grass, and the expense of cleaning, are objections 

 to this system, that tell against its being practised 

 upon any other than poor, light, calcareous soils, 

 which are the natural habitat of the plant ; and 

 where a moiety of the farmer's returns are made 

 from sheep breeding. In this instance it w-ould be 

 quite impossible to impart and retain fertility by a 

 more economical method. It is a part of the system 

 of those districts to have the old Sainfoin lea dunged 

 and once ploughed, and the Wheat sown broadcast 

 after the wheel-presser; and repeated rollings, har- 

 rowings, and treading with sheep, are the means 



farmer in another most excellent system of tillage ; 

 they are pared and burnt as a preparation for 

 Turnips, to be fed off upon the land and followed by 

 Wheat. However, upon land highly cultivated upon 

 the alternate system, we should by no means advo- 

 cate the growth of Sainfoin for a term of years, as 

 the reasons given above show that it would be very 

 unprofitable. But for a year, or perhaps for two 

 years, it is likely to make a good return, and to leave 

 the land in a capital condition for Wheat. At the 

 present moment we have a letter before us from a 

 Norfolk farmer, who says the appearance of the 

 Wheat crop this spring, grown after Sainfoin, has 

 induced many to sow it this season more extensively. 



The varieties of Sainfoin cultivated in this coun- 

 try are by no means numerous ; the common English 

 Sainfoin, which is natural to the chalk and limestone 

 soils, being by far the most extensively grown, and 

 preference is given to this variety where the land is 

 required to be in Sainfoin for several years. 



Most extraordinary juices were pven a few years 

 since for seed of the Giant Sainfoin, said to' have 

 been discovered by Mr. Hart, of Ash well, Herts 

 and introduced into notice by Mr. Thomas Hine of 

 Newnham in that county, who describes it as being 

 more rapid in its growth in the spring, and after the 



w —it will produce in one season two crops 

 of hay, or one of hay and afterwards a crop of seed 



may be taken. 



The French double-cut Sainfoin, as it is termed 

 by dealers in seeds, is very generally cultivated in 

 the central provinces of France, and a considerable 

 quantity of the seed has been imported into this 

 country, and sold at prices very little higher than 

 seed of English growth, during the last few seasons. 

 It is very similar to the Giant Sainfoin, growing 

 quite as quickly, but producing a smaller quantity 



of leaf. 



A gentleman who has grown it two years in 

 Norfolk writes, " I find it early and quick in grow- 

 ing, both in the spring and after mowing, but I do 

 not get heavier hay crops." Another of our cor- 

 respondents from Suffolk, who farms an extensive 

 tract of light and mixed-soil land in that county, 

 and to whom we are much obliged for his information, 

 says, " I planted part of a field with the French 

 double-cut Sainfoin seed, and the other part with 

 common English—the same quantity of seed per 

 acre, drilled at the same time ; so marked was the 

 difference in favour of the French, the first and only 

 year I have tried it, both in thickness of plant and 

 quickness of growth, that I let the first cut stand for 

 seed, for fear I should lose the block, but 1 got little 

 or no seed from it. So rapid, however, was the growth 

 after the first crop was cut, that it soon passed 

 in length the common sort, cut long before for hay, 

 and produced a nice crop of seed the second cut. 

 The Sainfoins here, in a general way, do not lie 

 more than one or two years. Mine lie two, and 

 then Wheat, for which purpose I very much prefer 

 the French ; indeed, if it succeed with me as well 

 in future as it did last year, I should not think of 

 sowing any other." From the above evidence, and 

 from experience of their culture, the last two 

 varieties, from their quicker growth, and from their 

 coming sooner to maturity, may be recommended 

 upon all highly cultivated soils having a calcareous 

 subsoil, the object of the agriculturist being to 

 obtain a large produce the first and second years, 

 and to keep the land clean and in good heart for 

 the Wheat crop. 



For aught we know, the French double-cut seed 

 may owe its quicker growth and earlier maturity to 

 the seed being the produce of a warmer climate, 

 more than to its being a distinct variety, as we hear 

 of its degenerating when grown from seed the pro- 

 duce of this country. If it is so it adds another 

 argument, so often advocated, of the importance of 

 a judicious change and selection of seeds. And at 

 the same time it shows that some good to the farmer 

 may come of the proposed repeal of the duty on 

 foreign seeds, as the duty on French Sainfoin is now 

 a very considerable item in its cost. 



We shall, in another part of the Paper, enter 

 more minutely into the details of the culture of this 

 crop : our present object being merely to introduce 

 it, as an admirable source of excellent summer food 

 for stock, to the notice of any of our readers situated 

 on calcareous or rocky soils, who may not hitherto 

 have attempted its culture. 







MANAGEMENT OF STEAM ENGINES. 

 So much value is justly attached to Mr. Mechi's prac- 

 tical observations, that I fear some of his friendly ad- 

 mirers may be led into error, were the advice which he 

 gives in reference to the steam engine to be followed 

 out without a little previous consider* tion. I quite 

 admit the value of an ash-pan containing water, for a 





