a — 1851.J 



THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETT 



253 



ltf*n 



E-tlu- situations of farms, and arc 

 • -i. *k-«« i^n<r so diverse. l*ana 



istances 



tlie 



mg 



r- 





nrosrrewive principles, wuu w*» *.,«-, 

 ^Ln iusUfv and encourage tenants to improve 

 TS Jdziye landlords an opportunity of participa 

 JA ^mpn>Tement. On letting a farm the average 

 " A f Wheat for the last seven years should be aseer- 

 It should first be let fur 21 years, at a rent 

 be agreed on for the first seven years ; the rent 

 ererr successive seven years to be governed by the 



C y vf .*' Wheat during the seven preceding years At 



STexpiration of every seven years, if landlord and 

 SLntaeree afresh valuation should be made of the 

 IE™ and another seven years added to the term ; but 



Si not that addition be made, the tenant would then 

 fL e U years' notice to quit, when, of course he would 

 ttmtinue his improvements ; but he should not be 

 Sawed to rack, or reduce the land from its improved 

 Condition because he has 14 years' interest therein, suf- 

 ficient time to reimburse himself. Now I will suppose 

 a farm of 100 acres to be let as befere mentioned ior a 

 term of 21 years. It is ascertained that the average 

 price of Wheat the preceding seven years has been 

 •mi* the Cornish bushel, therefore the tenant agrees to 

 my 100/. per annum for the first seven years of 

 the term. If the price of Wheat the first seven years 

 should prove to be 21*. the bushel, then for the 

 second seven years the tenant would have to pay 1 1 01. 

 per annum ; or should it prove to have been but 1 9s., 

 the tenant would have to pay 90Z., and so on, for the 

 increase or decrease of every shilling on the Cornish 

 bushel of Wheat, the rent should increase or decrease 

 10/. per cent per annum. I think it right to extend 

 the average over seven years, in order to prevent great 

 fluctuations, which would be very inconvenient to land- 

 lords and tenants. This farm of 100 acres is let for 21 

 years at the rate of 1 00?. per annum for the first seven 

 years. If at the end of the first seven years the land- 

 tort and tenant cannot agree on the rent for a, fresh 

 seven years to be added to the term, arbitrators and 

 their umpire shall be chosen in the usual way, and they 

 •hall fix the rent, being governed in fixing the rent by 

 the price of Wheat the previous seven years ; indeed, 

 all matters that cannot be agreed on by landlord and 

 tenant, shall be decided by arbitration in the usual way. 

 The landlord to lay out all money necessary for perma- 

 nent improvements ; to take the green crops and hay 

 grown on the farm the last year of the term ; to be at 

 liberty to work mines and quarries by paying the tenant 

 for damage done ; to pay the tenant for damage done 

 by game ; to pay the tenant Is. per annum for every 

 tree growing on the hedges after it becomes 1 years 

 old. Here I would remark, if the tree is not worth to 

 the landlord more than Is. per annum it should not 

 stand, because it will do the tenant more than that amount 

 of damage ; and further, if landlords wish to gratify 

 their eye with timber, there is nothing to prevent them, 

 but it must not be grown at the tenant's expense. 

 The landlord or his agent shall at all times be at liberty 

 to view the farm, and if at any time they consider that the 

 tenant, from mismanagement or neglect, is injuring it, 

 they shall be at liberty to call in arbitrators ; and should 

 they agree that the farm is injured, they shall fix the 

 amount of damage, which amount shall be immediately 

 paid by the tenant with all expenses attending the said 

 arbitration ; but should they fail to prove damages, 

 then the landlord shall pay all expenses attending 'the 

 said arbitration. In case of the death of the tenant, the 

 landlord shall take possession of the farm, and pay his 

 heir or executors his interest therein. The tenant shall 

 keep the premises in good repair, it first being put in 

 that state by the landlord ; shall insure the buildings 

 against fire ; shall pay his rent half yearly ; and all 

 tithe, rates, and taxes, when they are demanded ; shall 

 be at liberty to manure and manage the farm & 

 the term in any way he thinks proper, provided he does 

 not injure it ; and should he at any time from neglect 

 cause the renting value of the farm to diminish, he shall 

 pay the landlord the full amount of damage. The 

 tenant shall pay the landlord ] /. per cent, per annum 

 more for all money expended by him in permanent 

 improvements, than it could be borrowed for on land 

 security. 



^ This, Sir, is a rough sketch of a lease of my construc- 

 tion, which, according to custom, is very lengthy, too 

 much so to occupy our time this evening; though, I 

 believe, it might be condensed into very few words. In 

 conclusion, I will explain some of the advantages likely 

 to accrue from this lease, and contrast them with our 

 existing leases, and I do not know any better way of 

 explaining it than by stating how I stand affected at 

 present ; and how I should act, if under such a lease as 

 I have just given you a sketch of. I would first re- 

 ro&rk with regard to my lease, it lies unnoticed on 

 "the shelf ;" but this I know, that my term extends to 

 15 years only. I manage the farm in every respect 

 *? I think proper, and I do not complain of game, or 

 hmber, or any interference ; but what I. complain of is 

 wiat I am not justified in continuing my improvements. 

 I have occupied Trescow Farm eight years, and in that 

 r me ^^ greatly improved it ; and in making these 

 ™provements I have felt great pleasure, though as yet 

 •oey have proved unprofitable. But now, having seven 

 J*ear8 only remaining of my term, I do not feel justified 

 *n continuing my improvements, from the uncertainty 

 °f my tenure. If I were to continue them to the end 

 ** m y term, the probability is that the steward would 

 ** sent to value the farm, and it would be his duty to 



•kte what he considprfl it would let at. if offered to the 





[ should have immediately 

 to pay for my improvements ; and if I should leave it, 

 I must of necessity leave much capital locked up in the 

 go il — therefore I find it necessary henceforth to cease 

 my improvements. Consequently 1 shall be doing 

 * penance " for the next seven years, whether Popery 

 prevails in England or not ; because farming is my 

 hobby, and agricultural improvements afford me the 

 greatest pleasure and satisfaction ; and to improve- 

 ments we must look for profits : and, further, I am 

 not justified in continuing to improve the farm ; for, 

 in the absence of a corn rent, if present prices of 

 agricultural produce continue, I shall not long be able 

 to hold possession of the farm. But what would be 

 my position at present, if holding the farm under my 

 proposed lease ! I should have improved it considerably 

 more than I have at present ; should have applied to 

 my landlord, and have had great improvements made 

 in the farm buildings ; should also have had much land 

 drained ; and these improvements, in connection with 

 others made by myself in the general condition of the 

 farm, would have assisted me to stem the present diffi- 

 culties ; and, though my rent for the next seven years 

 would not be reduced more than about 1 0/. per cent., 

 still I should be justified and encouraged to continue my 

 improvements, knowing that if the present prices for 

 agricultural produce continue, my rent, for the follow- 

 ing seven years, must be reduced considerably ; and it 

 is well known to every practical agriculturist how much 

 more profitable it is to cultivate land in high condition 

 than in low ; it being attended with less expense, while 

 its produce is generally one-third greater; Now what 

 effect would my lease have on landlords ? Why in 

 14 years their land would increase in value 25 per cent. 

 They would, in addition, receive 1 per cent, profit, on 

 all money expended on their land ; nay, I believe, S per 

 cent, more than if laid out in purchasing land, after- 

 wards to remain unimproved, as is too often the case. 

 They would have power to dispossess all bad tenants — 

 those that would not improve their land — which is their 

 duty. No person should be allowed to occupy land in 

 this country, which is so thickly populated, who does not 

 endeavour to make it produce the greatest possible 

 amount of food and labour ; and I am satisfied if land- 

 owners generally could see as clearly as I do, the 

 tendency this lease has to foster that, and the improve- 

 ment of their land, they would immediately adopt it. 

 There is one objection 1 have heard raised by some 

 landlords and tenants ; they consider the variation of 

 10 per cent, on the rent, for every one shilling fluctua- 

 tion on the bushel of Wheat, to be too great ; but that 

 objection might be removed by varying half the amount, 

 which would be equal to the Scotch principle of corn- 

 rent. But I contend that the landlord is the proper 

 person to take the consequence of the fluctuation in the 

 price of agricultural produce. Then the variation of 

 rent should be 10J. per cent. If landlords were to take 

 the responsibility on themselves, I am persuaded they 

 would receive the highest rent for their land. It is 

 frequently said land should be let on mercantile prin- 

 ciples ; and what is meant by that ? I consider mercan- 

 tile principles to be the realisation of a certain profit 

 after paying expenses, and land should be let on those 

 principles. Then tenants would be able to make their 

 calculations on taking a farm with corn at a certain 

 price, what rent they could pay and realise a profit. 

 They would then be justified and encouraged to improve 

 the farm, since their extra profit would depend on 

 their skill. 



METEOROLOGICAL REPORT.— April. 



(Continued from page 237.) 



Miscellaneous. 



Early Spring Food. — There is at present being cut 

 for house feeding, a field of Italian Rye-grass, on Mr. 

 Camon's farm, at Kirronrae, in Wigtownshire. It was 

 sown after Vetches last season, and is already (7th April> 

 27 inches in length, a heavy and abundant crop. The 

 earliness of this crop is the more remarkable, as the farm,, 

 though favourably situated for climate, has none of those 

 appliances which have rendered Myre-mill so celebrated. 

 It is highly creditable to the skill and good management 

 of the tenant, and though grown in a latitude of 55°, it 

 may probably challenge comparison with any crop of 

 the same kind in the warmer south. 



Incombustible Thatch. — Straw saturated with a 

 solution of lime or common whitewash has, it is said,, 

 been repeatedly proved to be not only fireproof, but more 

 durable than the ordinary thatch. Builder. A pril 5. 



Notices to Correspondents. 



To Cobkespondents. The delay of fotne answers will perhaps. 

 be excused by the illness of the Editor. 



Cake : A B. If the sheep hare been accustomed to it they will 

 readily take it when on Grass, which their manure will im- 

 prove. The ewes and lambs may be folded on poor Clover 

 without injury, provided, by other means, you give them 

 food enough. 



Essex Breed of Pigs : F. Excepting the gentleman already 

 named, we arc not acquainted with any breeder of Essex 

 pigs. An advertisement will find what you want. 



Greev stones : Lammeriaw. Nos. 10 and 11 appear to be granite 

 and gneiss respectively ; the others appear to be greenstone. 



IIiavt La wd jost ploughed OCT or Giass : J B Q. On the 

 part liable to be flooded you want some strongly-growing 

 plant. Try Rape plants, transplanted in June. 



Piqeohs : TOW. We must in the meantime refer inquirers 

 on this subject to a work by the Rev. E. S. Dixon, abjut to 

 De published by Mr. Murray. 



To Purift Watee : J E G. Throw in a cart load or two of 

 freshly-burned chsrcoal. That might be a remedy. 



T dem ips. If your land is in good tilth, set a couple of men, 

 walking backwards, each to his own bed of ground, to hot 

 holes at intervals of 18 inches all over the land. Let them be 

 followed by women with baskets of superphosphate, who 

 shall throw a handful into each hole, and then by women 

 with rakes, who cover the holes up, making, however, an 

 indentation on .the top of each with the back of the rake, 

 sufficient to guide a child, who follows with a canister of seed, 

 and shakes a little into each, covering it up with his foot. An 

 old tin powder-canister, with a quill inserted in the cork, is 

 as good a thing as can be used, and put just a little whitinz 

 in with the seed. They will be whitened, and the boy will 

 tee what he is about. For your vegetable soil we should 

 prefer superphosphate to guano. 



Wokx of Reference : A JS. Some of the Cyclopedias ; and, as 

 being the latest and most original of the series, Blackie'f 



ought to be the best. 

 Errata.-Osiers: J EG. Thanks. For " 3 feet by 2 inches," 

 in page 221, col. c. read 3 feet by 2 feet.— In the Durham letter 

 of the Times correspondent, part of which was published 

 at page 238, for " 34,000 superficial feet of 1-inch deal at 12*. 

 per 1000," read M 34U0 at 12*. per 100." 





CO VENT GARDE 9, Awtix 19. 

 Hothouse Grapes, both white and black, are becoming 

 more plentiful, and, considering the little sunshine we have had 

 they are exceedingly well flavoured. Good Pine-applet are 

 scarce, as are also dessert Apples. Orange3 and Lemons 

 are plentiful. Nuts remain nearly the same as last week. 

 Forced Strawberries are more plentiful. Vegetables of all 

 kinds are abundant and good. French Beans and Cucumbers 

 are plentiful. Carrots and Turnips are goo* in quality. 

 New Cornish Potatoes may be obtained at from is. to 2s. 

 per pound. Lettuces and other salading are sufficient for 

 the demand. The best Mushrooms fetch Is. 3d. per pottle. 

 Cut flowers consist of Heaths, Pelargoniums, Camellias, Mijrno- 

 nette, Double Primroses, Stephanotis floribunda. Cinerarias, 

 Moss and Provins Roses, and the different kinds of apring 



bulbs. -« ,- 



FRUIT. 



Date. 



4 



JApr. 10 

 11 



Time. 



* t * 



Max. 



10.20 p.m.! 29.86 





12 





13 



7.15 a.m. 



6.5 p.m. 



10.30 p.m. 

 7.20 a.m. 



6.5 p.m. 



10.30 p.m. 



7.*5 a.m. 



10.50 a.m. 



29.84 



• ■ • 



* * * 



Min. 



Wind.— Weatheb 



Calm night ; overcast. 



• • « 



• « * 



1.10 p.m 



29.78 



• • • 



29.83 



X. all day ; stiff breeze and 



overcast. 

 29.77 i Evening. Less wind and 



clear above. 

 Cloudy in NE horizon. 

 Fresh northerly breeze a.m. 



and overcast. 

 Moderate NE. breeze p.m. 



and sunny. 

 Night calm and bright. 

 Brisk east-north-easterly 



breeze, and bright sunny 



morning. 



Pine-apples, per lb., 6s to 10s 

 Grape$,hothouse,p.lb.,12sto24s 



— Portugal, p.lb., Is to 2s6d 

 Strawberries, per oz., 9d to 2s 

 Pears, per doz., 2s to 5s 



— per half sieve, 6s to 15s 

 Apples,dessert,p.bu?h.,6s tolOs 



— kitchen do., 5s to 8s 

 Almonds, per peck, 6s 



— sweet, per lb, f 2s to 3# 



VEGETABLES. 



Brussels Sprouts, p. hf. aiere, | Shallots, per lb., 6d to Is 



Oranges, per doz., 9d to 2s 

 per 100, 6s to 14 s 

 Seville, p. 100, 7s to 14s 



— p. doz., Is to 2s 6d 



Lemons, per doz., Is to 2s 

 Chestnuts, per peck, 2s to 5a 



— per luO, 9d to Is 6d 

 Nuts, Barcelona, p.bsh,20sto22g 



— Brazil, p, bsh. t 12s to 14a 

 Cobs, per 100 lbs., 70s to 75s 



29.77 

 29.77 



29.77 



• • # 



29.81 



• » t 





10.20 p.m 



29.80 



• •• 



14 7.20 a.m. 29.79 



t 



10.20 p.m. 



15! 7.35 a.m 



3.40 p.m. 

 10.10 p.m 

 16 7.50 a.m. 



• s • 



29.69 



29.66 

 29.68 



Brisk breeze, but working up 

 very thick and hazy in 

 horizon to N. E. and S. 



Evening, gentle; moonlight 

 night. 



Brisk north-east breeze and 



fine a.m. 

 Brisk north-east breeze and 



hazy p.m. 

 Moderate breeze NE., and 



overcast all day. 

 SNB. p.m., inclining to SE. 



Is to Is 6d 

 Cabbages, per doz., Is to Is 6d 

 Greens, p. doz. bu_ches,4s to 6s 

 Cauliflowers, p. doz., Is 6d to 4s 

 Broccoii,p.doz.bundl.,7s to 12s 

 French Beans,p.l00,ls6dto2s6d 

 Sea kale, per punnet, 6d to 2s 

 Asparagus, per 100, 4s to 10s 

 Rhubarb, p. bundl., 6d to Is 2d 

 Potatoes, per ton, 60s to 100 



— per cwt., 3s to 6s 



— per bush., Is 6d to 3s 



Turnips, p. doz. bundl., Is to 2s 

 Cucumbers, each, Is to 3s 

 Radishes, per doz., Is to Is 6d 

 Celery, p. bundle, 6d to Is 6d 

 Carrots, per doz., 2s to 5s 

 Spinach, per Bieve, Is to Is 6d 

 Onions, p. bunch, 3d to 4d 

 — Spanish, p. doz., Is6d to 4s 

 Leeks, per doz.. 9d to Is 



Garlic, per lb.. 4d to 8d 

 Artichokes, Jerusalem, p. halj 



sieve, Is to IsCd 

 Lettuce, Cab., p. score, 6d to 9d 



— Cos, per score, 1 s to 1 s6d 

 Endive, per score, Is to Is 6d 

 Small Salads, p. punn.,2d to 3d 

 Horse Radish, p.bundl.,ls to 4s 

 Red Beet, per doz., 6d to Is 

 Mushrooms, p. pot., 9d to Is 3d 

 Sorrel, per hf. sieve, 6d to 9d 

 Fennel, per bunch, 2d to 3d 

 Savory, per bunch, 2d to 3d 

 Thyme, per bunch, 2d to 3d 

 Parsley, per dot. bun., 2s to 3 a 



— Roots, p. bundl. 9d to Is 

 Marjoram, per bunch, 2d to 4 d 

 Mint, green, per bunch,4d to 6d 

 Watercress, p. 12bunch.,6d to9d 

 Corn Saiad.p.hf,aieve,lstoH6d 



/ 



HAY.— Per Load of 36 Trusses. 

 Smith field, April 17. 



* • # 



Clover 

 Second cut 



Straw 





«•• 



... 





80s to 90s 

 70 80 



27 30 



Coopia. 





J Continuation of preceding storm. 

 * This is also a storm travelling northward 

 Europe, and passing away over Russia. 

 t Another storm of the same description as the ] 



These three storms J * + would probably 

 northerly and westerly winds to vessels in 

 of Madeira, but along the coast of France 

 trance of the Channel, a succession of baffi 

 winds. 



Dorchester, April 16th. 



(To be continued.) 



F. P. B. U. 



Prime Meadow Hay 80s to 90s 



Inferior ditto 70 75 



Rowen ^ ™ 



New Hay ... — — "".*■ . ., ,» 



Cckbkilamd Maekft, April 17 



Prime Meadow Hay 84s to 92s I Inferior ... 



Inferior ditto 60 75 New Clover .„ 



New Hay - -- Straw ... ...... * 6 " 



Old Clover 84 92 I Joshoa Bam*. 



« * « 



#• • 



• •• 



<if 



70s to 76* - 





COAL MARKET.— Wednesday, April 16 

 Can's Hartley, 14a. 3d. ; Eden Main 15.. : Tanfield Moor, 

 13s. fid. ; WalUend Riddell, 14s. j WalUend Haawaw. i<>. 

 WalUend Hetton, 16s. 9d. ; WalUend L*tnbtoD ^ M£ * > 

 Wallsend Stewarts, 15a. 9d. ; Wallsend Adelaide Tees, » , 

 Wallaend Tees, 15s . 9d.— Ship* at market. 15 0. 



POTATOES.-Socthwabk, April M- been 



The Committee report that the fresh ■££« J U Tery dulL 

 limited, but quite equal to the demand, wmcu j 



