m 



G A R B *K E Er S" OH KO N'l G 



Maize 



^ ■■■• ^ •■■■1^ ■— — — — .— — — — — — — — _^—_ — ■MBOTM «I^^«B»^™^™^»»B^^^^— 



former, utiring winch easterly aiut south-east winds 



..«■!« 1 if .1 .1 I A At4 



prevail, generally commenced towards the middle oi 

 April and continues until November, and sometimes as 

 late as December. The rainy season is accompanied 

 by westerly winds, and both monsoons by severe thun- 

 derstorms ; but more especially the wet one. The land 

 is richest near rivers and in valleys, and even near 

 towns, where it is employed in the production of vege- 

 tables ; it requires very little manure or labour to cause 

 it to yield heavy crops. Java produces Rice in large 

 quantities, Coffee, Sugar, Pepper, Indigo, Cochineal, 

 Nutmegs, Cinnamon, Maize, &c. The latter is grown 

 on the hilly parts, where it is too cold for Rice. W***- 

 does not suffer from cold until the temperature ians 

 below 45°, and on the other hand no degree of heat is 

 injurious to it. It supplies the natives with the greater 

 portion of their food. John Henshall. 



Franciscea confcrtiflora. — This fine species is well 

 worth a place in every stove, on account of its hand- 

 Some trusses of deep lilac flowers, and excellent habit. 

 I have one now under my care, 2 feet high, and 2 feet 

 & inches in diameter ; it has 20 shoots, 7 of the strongest 

 of which are bearing trusses of about 30 flowers, each 

 fclossom being an inch and a half across, while the 

 smaller shoots bear trusses*, consisting of from 6 to 25 

 flowers ; when these fade, more succeed them ; the 

 shoots grow erect, and the blossoms stand well up, and 

 are slightly scented. My plant has been in blossom 

 these three weeks ; the colours of the blooms do not 

 Change to so light a tint as in the case of the broad- 

 leaved Franciscea, and the species is of much better 

 habit, and grows more freely ; the foliage also is much 

 handsomer ; it has not at the present time dropped a 

 leaf from the lower branch j, the loss of which is so 

 detrimental to the appearance of the Franciscea latifolia, 

 when it attains a considerable size ; the leaves of the 

 Franciscea confcrtiflora are a handsome fleshy dark 

 green waved, and rather larger than those of Franciscea 

 latifolia ; it has been grown in three parts turfy peat, 

 and one part burnt loam and silver sand. «. Jr. K.> 

 Knowsiey Hall, Lancashire. 



Conifers.— With regard to the notice on the growth 

 of Conifers at Dropmore, I would add my opinion that the 

 common notion of the quasi-identity of Juniperus Bed- 

 fordiana, Gossainthania, and Virginiana is erroneous ; 

 knowing the two former as yet only in the state of 

 bushes, they certainly appear very distinct from any of 

 the varieties of the r«i Cellar tVm* T tm* A eA *«i Jun. 





Gossainthania rather approaches the character of Jun. 



Bermwliana, of which I have a young tree nearly 18 feet 

 Bigh. & 



Span-roofed Pineiies.— Has any person tried a span- 

 roofed house running north and south (passing east and 

 west) glazed with rough plate glass, for fruiting Pines 

 in the winter? If not, will such a form of house 

 answer better with sheet glass? And is there any 

 objection to -such a situated house ? It is submitted that 

 there would be plenty of light at all times, and no neces- 

 sity for shading in summer. W. TV. 



Mote Ne-winr/frm Chrysanthemum 'Society. — Mr. 

 JNichoHs having been compelled through visual infirmity 

 to relinquish the office of Secretary to this Society • the 

 members, with a view of testifying their appreciation of 

 Mis past services, met at the Rochester Castle, on Thurs- 

 day, the 1 7th, to present him with an elegantly chased 

 silver drinking cup, bearing the following inscription :— 

 " Presented to Mr. John Nicholls by the members of 

 the Stoke Newington Chrysanthemum Society, as a token 

 6t their esteem and regard." Mr. Croxford presided, 

 faced by Mr. K Sanderson. The former, after advertin- 

 to the services- Mr. N. had rendered the Society, and 

 regretting the cause of his retirement, presented him 

 with the cup, which was then filled with wine and passed 

 round the company. Mr. Nicholls returned thanks in 

 an appropriate speech. E. Sanderson, Bon. Sec. 



M.n V T VJ ™ d Jke **^ The advice w Wch the late Sir 



Sr t\? ™ a ? com ™ Cated ^ a letter to Admiral 

 feir r. Livingstone, Bart., on the renovation of decayed 



f£^7 tl ^ J° y ° Ur respondent 

 JIT?' lf t a PP hed to !«» Beech trees. Sir Henry 

 »ays, 'Agreeably to my promise I shall now give you an 

 idea of my method of reviving or resuscitating old trees 

 Tvhich has often succeeded with myself, and which I here 

 ^commend to others ; but there is no account given of 

 it in the notes inrmy treatise on the ' Application of the 

 Science o Physiology to Practical TZSS^SSi 

 particularly m removing large trees for ornamen 



£. f^ ° l t ^ b0th in En S knd ^ ScoSSd 

 has been a subject of general complaint, durii I t 



W a century, and it is observed ^vith reTe \lia 

 their place does not promise to be verv spSfly s in 



ZoTeJl f ^ ° f treCS are twofold > the first 

 proceeds from diseases to which all 



and wherever this is found to hold good, trees will live 

 to a very great age, especially in a deep and calcareous 

 soil. Of your two line old trees at West Quarter in 

 Stirlingshire, which I lately examined, a Holly and 

 a double-flowering Thorn, I must say that they appear 

 to me to have declined chiefly from the latter of 

 the two causes above-mentioned, namely, their having 

 exhausted the food or pabulum in their immediate 

 neighbourhood; and in the case of the Thorn, in some 

 measure, from the ground being overstocked with 

 other plants that greatly crowd upon it, even to the 

 exclusion of light and air, without which no plant can 

 flourish. As to the Holly, it seems stunted, and hide 

 bound, and sends out no free shoots at top, such as a tree 

 in health, in so fine a soil and climate, ought to do. The 

 terminal growths of the Thorn also have begun to decay, 

 and if some salutary remedy be not speedily adopted to 

 excite the roots to fresh action, it is plain that the evil 

 will ere long extend to the greater branches, and 

 as a necessary consequence to the trunk itself. 55 

 He then] recommends the clearing away of the Ivy 

 from the stem of the Thorn, and to clear the ground 

 for a considerable space of overshading shrubs and 

 bushes ; secondly, to dig a trench round the tree 

 not exceeding three and a half or four feet out from 

 the stem, the trench to be five feet broad, and deep 

 enough to penetrate the soil and subsoil; in doing 

 this, the workmen may fearlessly cut through all 

 the roots they meet with, leaving only three or four 

 great ones on the south and south-west sides, to act 

 as cables in resisting the severe winds that usually blow 

 from those quarters in every part of the islanjl. The 

 good earth from, the trench is to be saved, and [the bad 

 wheeled away, the trench is to be filled with well pre- 

 pared earth and dung, so as that a proper chemical action 

 may be excited throughout the mass, and the whole ren- 

 dered fit for the food of plants ;a ldead wood is to be re- 

 moved carefully with a saw, all moss in the spring is to 

 be taken from the bark, and the stem well marked two or 

 three times during the summer season, with soap and 

 water, and a soft brush. By following the above 

 method, which, however elaborate it may appear in the 

 description, will be very easily reduced to practice, I feel 

 confident that many fine old trees in gentlemen's parks, 

 that are now allowed to decay, might have another 



In a tree of consi- 



gn tne public the benefit of/ " la *k M~^ 

 the shape of a small ^M« m ° de of t«* 





to grow dwarf plants. 



?' *?£>' 





is altogether wrong. ff enn . A, S>, / em <* m 



TV* l 



pages of some of the early vol.,™ , .^"T «fe 

 „f +u„ u __*_•. ... . _ "J volumes of the <t f!_^.% 



of the Horticultural Soe e v? 71^ T^ 

 with the following passage to a ,Z * ^ 

 Society, bvW. AtlHn«^ i. * P*P«V*ad Ufa. 



* 



s/ * t/ 



may possibly 



> 1833, «ur 



f>0inttwsW* 



P**»* 



2S5S^ ?***** ^ntains So sm,,, % 



>t wood 

 r been 



30 year. 



the silver grain or flower ty\ t h J° 



f» Am ^i^ u..!U'_ , _ Wt mat w 



H 



J' ear 5 1 fUTP t^ 



«,*, ««t C * gx-iuu or nowerfM tW ****?**** 

 from old buildings has freqtn t r of ^TI 

 sweet Chestnut. DurinST^l been »»-*> 



every opportunity of procuring specin S 

 old buddings, and -particularly \S ttl 

 called Chestnut ; but I have never, £, «L 

 seen a p ie ce of Chestnut from an'oS bS^ ""^ 



has been tnl-mi f^„ +u„4. .... * ^ v u UU| I<ir- 



Quercus sessiliflora, mistaken f or Ch 







'w^estnut 



about which so muchWbeVsaa Tft?^ 

 during some repairs he procured portion,'^ 

 and that it was Quercus se^n a - v of """H 

 While this note h^lS^^^S 

 old carpenter, who is working wiS a T ^ 

 me, what his experience will allow him !! ^ * 



Oak. G. L. 



lor dandify, 

 second afy % 



century added to their existence. „^_ 



derable age, it is to be observed, that much figure can- 

 not be expected to be made .Jhe first year in the elonga- 

 tion of its terminal shoot ; and for this plain reason, that 

 effects must necessarily be preceded by their causes 

 whether they lie on the sui'faee or otherwise ; but the 

 leaves will speedily become larger, and of a deeper green 

 colour than for some years past ; and by the autumn t>f 

 the second year, it will be admitted that the tree is in 

 some sort about to renew its growth. In conclusion, he 

 adds, the month of February, or beginning of March 

 according to the season, before the ascending sap begins 

 to stir, would, of course, be the best time to carry into 

 effect the method of resuscitation above detaile'd. P 

 Mackenzie. 



Vie Calceolaria.— This is so lasting and beautiful a plant 

 that a few words 'respecting its cultivation may not be 

 unacceptable. It may be propagated either by cutting 

 or seed. The latter is undoubtedly the best plan. The 

 seeds should be sown about the beginning of August 

 and placed in a shady situation— in a Vinery for in- 

 stance If properly treated, the seedlings will be fit to 

 transplant into small pots on the 1st of October. They 

 should be placed in heat for a few days, and afterwards 

 removed to a cold frame or pit, which can be kept free 

 ol frost without the use of fire-heat. When they have 

 become established in small pots, shift them, about 

 the 1st of January, into the pots they are to 

 flower in-8-inch pots are the best. They succeed 

 well in a soil consisting of five-eighths charred loam, 

 one-fourth rotten leaf-mould, and* one-eighth peat, to 

 which should be added a little silver sand. When they 

 rece.ve their final shift they should be placed in a cold 

 trame on a good bed of coal- ashes, in order to keep 



sh a ould n i W ° rmS aWay ,i h ? m them - At the same t^e air 

 should be given on all favourable occasions, and as the 



Rm ™ advances they should be liberally supplied with 

 fl„ 'n yrm 1 g,ng t ■ hem occasionally, to keep down green 

 fly The plants should remain here until the b Wins 

 begm to expand, when they should be removed to the 

 house m which they are to flower, where thev sLi M 



Adulteration of Condiments. apF ^ xm . 



mustard, arrowroot &c , are not the oiTSE 

 deteriorated by dishonest tradesmen and d LT? 

 report issued by the Pharmaceutical Sod** &*&. 

 an ingenious, but unwarrantable system of 1^3 

 isinglass, an article extensively used for fini^ D Zj 

 and for preparing the luxuries of the wej|& T F C C 

 Russian isinglass is the air bladder of the^Lfcfr 

 rolled into thin sheets, and cut into very ^ ciire T 

 Ihe system of adulteration detected, consist} ; fl nffij* 

 out common gelatine in a similar manner, ^ p 3 

 one sheet of the spurious matter betwe eil iwolf 

 isinglass. After cutting the deception is yen die* 

 of detection, but it may be marked by a comparis* 

 with the really genuine specimen, or by the dissWllfc 

 gluey flavour of the adulterated article when dissotadia 

 boiling water, and tasted without sweetening Tbpn. 

 pared gelatine alluded to is about 154. per lb., while* 



value of isinglass averages 1 7 or 18 shilling 'Dam 

 H. Collins, 2, College-place, Chelsea, April l£ ' 



spring 



National Floricultural, April 24. — R, St 

 Esq., in the chair. Fifty new members were added to 

 the lists, and 28 more were proposed iot election «" 

 next meeting, making the total number of members 1? 

 As regards subjects of exhibition, there was a goodly 

 display of Cinerarias, a few Pelargoniums, Some Bkak 

 dendrons, Auriculas, and Pansies. Messrs. Hewleiw, 

 of Pine-apple-place, sent a collection of Cinerarias, in 

 which the best were Pauline, Lettice Arnold, Jfa4» 

 Son tag, and Lady Gertrude. Mr. Ivery, of Peekiaa, 

 had, among others, Ormsby Beauty, Elect*-*, and She 

 Perfection. Mr. E. G. Henderson, Wellin^s-wrfi 

 Pauline, Brilliant, Charles Kean, Formosa, EffieD* 8 . 

 Lady Hume Campbell, Georgiana, Amy Robsrt « 

 Enchanter. Pansies, in the shape of cut bloomy ^ 

 furnished by Messrs. Edwards, Turner, ai^ ^^'u? 

 Mr. Turner also showed six Auriculas m pots. »• 

 Henderson had some variegated Pelargonium*^ 

 Ayres again showed his crimson-flowered OaHf**** 

 I'elargonium, and the fancy kind, named UdyB 1 ^ 

 A Rhododendron, called Jacksoni, came from U** 2 ^ 



woody plants 



Z~ Ti^\" m secona ,rom extreme old age, but more 

 frequently ft**, their lmvi ^ g ^tm^J 



wuten their reach. The pathology of the vS 

 tobe m tins respect differs materially from thafo tl e 

 human speces. Among the sons of the forest there 



iw bv m „ C * r made b y inc » v WuaIs, aa among 

 ^9, by means of d.sease, to shorten life there are 



^l g ^T in | 3 , nOT - sen3Uali ^> by fatal 'indulgence 



a^- SfSL o?^ 8 ' t0 ^ ng ° n a P-^ure o W 

 »oe, tne laws of Mature in trees are allowed fre^Iv t, 



operate and their existence therefore m.^ l?d «u' 

 on, and even prolonged by art S\Tu£S£ 

 permd It has beer, said that the roots rfS 

 Li^ f7'? b,e s . dl ■* «• abroad i„ aroll ^ 



the entee height of the tree taken- from the ground • 



Otdttm of the Chrysanthemum.-! read with interest 



btfei c rs to k i hi r ubject ' d , e,ivcred b * ^- "Ss 



d il ^ewington Chrysanthemum Society 



and it is not my mtention to find fault with that «3 

 because I have never sepn Mv t„^„ » . essa ^ 



same tin,. I c»n„, i,iS ,l" ht^^tr ; "'*• 



ur 

 The 



uacKsou, oi ivingsion. in appearance it was son* 8 

 sU'iking, being deep blush, striped on th* 0Qtsid j,T 

 rosy pink. Among seedlings a Certificate was awarJJ 

 Mr. Hoyle, of Reading, for Pelargonium " CiAf ff}J 

 variety having a good habit and well fanned nj ^j 

 whose upper petals exhibited a dark enmson ^ 

 margined with scarlet, while the lower Pe**^ 

 vermilion. Mr. Turner had a Pelarg^m J^ 

 First of May, which was commended w y^jg/t 

 flower and habit. The upper petals coDSiStetl oij. 

 crimson blotch edged with rose, the lo** m ^"j£ 

 rose blotched with crimson. A fancy G^mum 

 Formosi imum, from Mr. Ayres, was g 00( l ^ ^ 

 truss, and habit, while in colour it was an m % 

 ment on Anais. The same grower JM ^ 

 promising variety named Gypsy Q ue ' ^fai 

 Cinerarias a certificate was awarded to > : J jrf 

 H«^^„ -r^ a iK« A.f Q ^n «. crood white ^ tli 3 



disk. Ditto to 



Alaritf* 



eip** 



urns 



ground flower, wm, , -^ 

 ass ditto to the same, f* «*J ^4 



mmet r 7 



Mr 



was 



sfl 



lor inese Jast two vear«5 tnA « «« • ** u 



can be grown an d" Cj e ™ ZtZ^ *1 

 certainty as any other florists' CJJ 1 ™ t mUCh 

 that if the rroner culture nf t^. ° f '" 1110,, 



known we J^£^J%&ZZL ^7^ 



alUver the kingdom. I mT^SS^TSSS 



, was also cwaf 



fed 



■ i 



purple. Beauty, from Mr. ivei 



for its habit and white Howers iainuy ^f^am 



ana wnne nu»»= ■••- - q j If 



lac. Lady of the Lake, '™ m ^entlv d^tine* ^J 

 as good ; but it was not n™***?* 0$m «l W** 

 :erito. An Auricula from Mr. Gnftn, P ^ 









class 



