

ri.KL'VlA.N (.ilA.-w. 



CAUTION TO AGRICULTURISTS. 



C 1* bc.n* notoHoot th.t e.Wn.i™ adulteration, of thi. 

 MASMi— J", -jr/^BBS AND SONS, 



AS TBE 



VLY IIIPOKTERS OF PERUVIAN GUANO 

 £ it to bt their duty to tbe Peruvian Government and 

 iRbUc M*n to recommend Farmers and all other? who 



^^^.^fiMrof tfaVpaVu^Awn whom they purchase will of 

 "• i-Swbett security, and in addition to particular atten- 

 !AS S»V AMONY GIBBS and SONS think it well 

 L— ind bavers that — 



fZTlowtti wholesale price at which sound Peruvian 



been sold by them during the last two years 



I 



mi resales 



per Um> leu 2$ per 



{UU «, io-» to thtni, or the article must be adulterated. 

 MANURE DEPOT.-PEAT CHARCOAL 



TOPARm'eK-, AGRICULTURISTS, AND OTHERS 



i H FOLEY, Essex Coal Wharf, Lea-bridge, 



Middlesex, Agent bv appointment to the Irish Ameliu- 

 *** society fur the sale "of the above. All needful particu- 



!!« will be civen on application at the above address. 

 pLirToi the unmixed Charcoal, 60s. per ton, sacks included. 



mSTwW 1 Ni ahttoU, 453. per ton, sacks included. 



UANO AND OTHER MANURES.— Peruvian 



Guano of the finest quality ; Superphosphate of Lime ; 

 un; Salt ; Nitrate of Soda; Moffat's Patent Concentrated 





 

 







Sewage Manure, ana an omera oi auuwu vaiuv. — Apply to 



|U*x F other, ill. J i )4, Upper T h ames-street, London. 



T"^HE — LONDON MANURE COMPANY beg to 

 offer, as uuder, CORN MANURE, most valuable for 

 ■uris* dressing— Concentrated Urate, Superphosphate of Lime, 

 Vitrtteof Soda, Sulphate of Ammonia, Fishery and Agricul- 

 tural Salts, livpsum, Fossil Bones, Sulphuric Acid, and every 

 other Artificial Manure ; also a constant supply of English 

 and Foreign Linsee*1-c*ke. Peruvian Guano, guaranteed the 

 ( enuine importation of Messrs. A. Gibbs and Sons, 91. 10a. per 

 tun or W. Sj. i » quantities uf 5 tons and upwards. 



1 Edward Pprseb, Secretary. 

 40, Bridge-street, Blackfri ars, London . 



AN U RES.— The following Manures are manu- 

 factured at Mr. La web's Factory, Deptford Creek : 



Clover Manure, per tun £11 



Turnip Manure, do. ... 7 



Superohofepbate of Lime 7 



SaTphnnc Acid and Coprolites 6 



^Office, 69, King William-street, City, London. 

 N.B. Peruvian Guano, guaranteed to contain 16 per cent, of 

 amm* jia, dl. io#. per ton ; and for 5 tons or more, 91. bs. per 

 t on, i« ['dock. Sulphate of Am monia, Ac. 



XiTCIFlClAL MANURhS. — PRIVATE IN* 



X/_ STRUCTIONS in Chemical Analysis and the moBt ap- 

 proved methods of making Artificial Manures are given by 

 /# C. Nbibit, F.C.S., F.G.S., at the Laboratories, Scientific 

 School, 18, Kenuington-lane, London. x 



performed as 

 EJuai, on moderate tei ins. 



\ J LSSKS. N-hSblT'S CHEMICAL AND AGKl- 



i 1 CULTURAL SCHOOL, 38, Kennington-lane, London.— 

 A sound practical knowledge of Analytical and Agricultural 

 Chemistry, Geology, Surveying, Levelling, Railway Engineer- 

 ing, &c, may be obtained in Messrs. Nesbit's Academy, in 

 addition to a good modern education. 



Mr. Nesbit's works on Arithmetic, Mensuration, Gauging, 

 Land Surveying, English Parsing, <fcc, are published by Long- 

 mam and Co.. and may be had of all Booksellers. 



T^EW TURMP MANURE, 50*. a Ton.— Mr. 



X^l Potter can strongly recommend the above as a cheap 

 and efficient Manure, and capable of raising heavy crops. 

 Delivered free on rail. The Bags to be returned or paid tor. 



POTTER'S GUANO, It. per ton ; SUPERPHOSPHATE OF 

 LIME, 61. per ton ; GYPSUM, 25*. per ton, including bags and 

 delivery on rail. — 28, Cl apham-road-place, London. 



HOSE FOR LIQUID MAN URE, Fire-engine, 

 and agricultural purposes, made of canvass, lined and 

 coated with gutta purcha ; it is about one- third the price of 

 leather or india-rubber, will convey liquids of all kinds under 

 a heavy pressure, it is extensively used at the Government 

 public works; also by the navy, and amongst agriculturists, 

 giving universal satisfaction. Testimonials and prices maybe 

 obtained of Messrs. Burgess and Key, 103, Newgate-street, Bole 

 manufacturers. — London Agente : Messrs. Deane, Dray, and 

 Deane, Swan-lane ; Me&srs. TiUey, Blackfriars-road. — Country 

 Agents : Messrs. Ransome and Parsons, Ipswich ; Messrs. J. 

 and S. Johnson, Liverpool; Messrs. Dickson, Hull; Mr. S. 

 Wilson, Agent for Scot- and. 



THE GENERAL LAND DRAINAGE AND 

 IMPROVEMENT COMPANY, empowered by Act of 

 Parliament to execute all works of Drainage (including out- 

 falls through adjoining estates), to erect Farm Buildings, and 

 carry out every kind of permanent improvement upon estates 

 under settlement ; to provide the money, or to enable the 

 landowner to employ his own capital, and execute the works 

 by his agents, and to secure repavment of the outlay by char&e 

 on the property improved spread over a number of } ears. 



Proposals for the execution of works to be addressed to 

 William Clifford, Secretary. 



Offices, 52, Parliament-street, London. 



PURE WATLR raided to any height from a small 

 stream, where a fall can be obtained, by FREEMAN ROE 

 and HANSON'S IMPROVED RAM ; less waste, by two-thirds, 

 than those ordinarily in use. Portable Steam Engines for Agri- 

 cultural purposes, Threshing Machines, Deep- well Pumps, 

 Water-wheels, Baths, Hot-water Apparatus, and Fountains. 

 Towns supplied with Gas or Water. Drawings and E»timates 

 made,— Freeman Roe and Hanson, Hydraulic and Gas Engi- 

 i Office, 70, Strand, London. 





Si'UiPiiiSiiNaUiN 



. j — and Co., 61, ttracechureh-street, 



■^London, and 17, New Park-Btreet, Southwark, Inventors 

 and 1 Manufacturers of the Improved CONICAL and DOUBLfc 

 CYLINDRICAL BOILERS, respectfully solicit the attention of 

 scientific Horticulturists to their much improved method ot 

 applying the Tank System to Pineries, Propagating House?, 

 •c., by which atmospheric heat as well as bottom-heat is 

 secured to any required degree, without the aid of pipes or Hues. 

 ». and Co. have also to state that at the request ot numer. us 

 mends they are now making their Boilers of Iron, as well a- 

 ^°PPer, by which the cost is reduced. These Boilers, which 

 are now so well known, scarcely require description, but to 

 uiose who have nut seen them in operation, prospectuses will 



»e torwarded, as well as reference of the highest authority • or 

 mey mav be 8een at moat Qf the Nobmt f§ Beat8 and principal 



a ursenes throughout the kingdom. 



8. and Co. beg to inform the Trade that at their Manufactory, 

 tf'nJi u ^^ e I er> article re< l uir «d for the construction 

 Sf^ CU i tural ^diogB, aa ^llas for heating them, ma> 



OOtained Unnn thf» moat nfivAntn^nno ♦^« y 



RIVKRVS STUUULK SWKDfc Tl'HMt' BttaD. 



J RIVERS solicits the attention of Agriculturist* 

 • to his quick-growing SWEDE TUKMP. Toe variety 

 owes its origin to a crott between a large variety of tbe Early 

 Stone, in 1842, and the old Green Top Swede. It has bee >m« 

 a distinct vaiiety, by carefully selecting, for seven years, those 

 most like the Swede in habit, so that now it is a true Swede, 

 with the earliness of the White S'one ; it i* green.topped, with 

 a short neck, with the solid yellow flesh of the common Swede 

 for sowing in May, lor early feed, or for late sowing upon heavy 

 land and sheep-led leys, it will be found a valuable Turnip for 

 hardiness and keeping qualities ; also for sowing near large 

 towns, to draw off early. It grew 11 tons per acre after Tares, 

 mowed, without manure, on the 6th of August, Lftii. Speci- 

 mens of the roots were exhibited at the Baker-street Cattle 

 Show; also specimen roots of different times of sowing, from 

 May till August, were exhibited. Orders for any quantity 

 above lOlbs. will promptly be attended to, if addressed to John 

 Rivers, Seedsman, Sawbridgewortn, Herts, at 2s per lb., car- 

 riage paid to London. It will be sold in sealed baga, of 2 J lb*., 

 price 5*. ; and 5 lbs., 10*., by his agents, a list of whom will be 

 found in the Qardeixers* Chronicle of '22d March. Messrs. 

 Sutton and Sons, Seedsmen, of Reading, who proved this 

 Turnip wih others in their sample ground last summer, state 

 as follows:— M Seed sown on Juue 30th, July 20th, and August 

 10th, using the same manure for all, gave the following results 

 —from the first sowing, the roots were fully equal to the best of 

 the other sorts ; from the second and third sowing, they were 

 far superior in size, weight, and shape, thus showing its pecu- 

 liar adaptation for late Bowiog.** 



ROYAL AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY OP ENGLAND. 



HPHE ANNUAL COUNTRY MEETING of 1851 



-L will be held, by the gracious permission of Her Majesty 

 and Prince Albert, in the HOME PARK, WINDSOR, in the 

 week commencing MONDAY, the 14th of JULY. 



Copies of the Prize Sheet, containing the terms, conditions, 

 and amount of the respective Prizes, and the Rules of Exhibi- 

 tion, and also copies otthe requisite printed Forms of Certificate 

 may be obtained on application to the Secretary, 12, Hanover" 

 aquare, London. All Certificates must be returned, filled up, 

 to the Secretary, on or before the 17th of May, *be Council 

 having decided that in no case whatever shall any Certificate 

 bo received after that date. 



In the application for Certificates, the Character nnd Age of 



the Animals to be exhibited should be stated, in order that the 

 proper Forms of Certificate may be sent. 



By order of the Council, James Hodsow, Secretary, 



12, Hanover-6quare, London, May o. 





&iit agittultuval <5a>ttte* 



SA TUR D A Y y MA Y 3, 1851. 



MEETINGS FOlt THE TWO FOLLOWING WEEKS. 

 Thuubdat, Mar U— Agricultural Imp. 8oc. of I re. and. 

 Weoakkdai, — 7"~ Agricultural Society of England. 

 WiDlfiaDAT, — 14 — Agricultural hocxety of EoKlaud. 



• S( 



TlUIIDAT, 



IS— Agricultural Imp. Soc. of Ireland. 



Content to build bin OOniidi Ce. Ail iarm experience 



is now believed to be arnuigeable along with those 

 other facts in geology and botany and chemistry 

 aln y ascertained so carefully. Taken piecemeal, 

 it is found to illustrate and corroborate the truths 

 which those already taught, and bit by bit it has been 

 arranged under the guidance of these truths, along 

 with one or other of the sciences or classes into 

 which the sum-total of truth divides itself. 



.What an absurdity to hold the importance of in- 

 dividual facts, and yet despise the truths they help 



; 



Cons 



omental designs. Balconies, Palisading 

 ences, Wire-work, &c. 



The success of a campaign certainly depends upon 

 the courage and energy of officers and men as well 

 as on the skill with which its plan has been devised 

 — but both are necessary things. If the plan has 

 been drawn up in defiance of the physical character, 

 or without regard to the nature of the territory in 

 which it is to be carried out, no energy or bravery 

 in detail will compensate for the error ; and, on the 

 other hand, the skill of the commanding officer w r ill 

 rarely make amends for the inefficiency of his men. 

 Now the annual routine upon a farm may well be 

 compared to a campaign. Its plan must be skilfully 

 accommodated to all the natural obstacles and ad- 

 vantages of the scene, and the energy and industry 

 of a good soldier must be brought to bear upon its 

 details, and then success may be expected. Atten- 

 tion and industry, however, are not the only things 

 necessary to make a good soldier. Addiscombe is 

 needed for this purpose as well as -the drill. Neither 

 are they enough to make a good farmer. Cirencester, 

 or the truth taught there, is necessary for that 

 purpose, as well as practice in the field. The prin- 

 ciples of an art, as well as its details, must be 

 acquired by any who would be proficient. 



Those who have the charge of agricultural educa- 

 tion are perfectly ready to admit the whole of the 

 case put forward in our last week's remarks on this 

 ubject. Lavoisier, the French chemist, it has 

 been a hundred times asserted, was guided by his 

 chemical knowledge to a pretty constant experience 

 of farm profits ; they are ready to admit that it is 

 more than probable that he had the additional 

 guidance of a good farm-bailiif ; they perfectly admit 

 the need of industry and energy, and practical skill, 

 which colleges alone cannot give, but they do not 

 see how this admission affects the value or necessity 

 of those qualifications which colleges are able to 

 confer. Practical men are mistaken if they think 

 that men of science look down upon their skill and 

 tact as qualifications of inferior value : theories and 

 speculations, things more within their province, are 

 what they criticise severely, and admit with 

 difficulty, and though long experience has proved 

 the difficulty of ascertaining facts correctly, yet 

 facts and truths, once ascertained with certainty — 

 such, indeed, as practical men alone are able to 

 supply — are what they humbly bow before, and 

 gratefully receive. Theirs is the office merely of 

 arrangement or explanation, and certainly they have 

 no wish to quarrel w T ith the men who furnish their 

 materials. Still less ought men of practice to look 

 down on science ; it is the cabinet in which their 

 ow*n experience, and that of all antiquity, has been 

 collected and arranged ; its truths may be depended 

 on all the more for the multitude of individual 

 facts on which they rest. The doctrines of the 

 chemist, or geologist, or botanist, are based on facts 

 much more numerous and carefully determined than 

 those on which many a practical agriculturist is 



nence is 



proportion 



witnessed 



to teach ! This, nevertheless, is the conduct of those 

 who contend for the practical part of agricultural 

 education, and yet feel inclined to sneer at agricul- 

 tural colleges. These institutions teach by the light 

 of all past knowledge, and, therefore, clearly and 

 distinctly, the very truths which, hidden under the 

 disguise of the peculiarities of season, soil, variety, 

 breed, and what not, affecting individual cases, are 

 indistinctly taught by every year's experience on a 

 farm. How important that a knowledge of these 

 truths should be acquired, stripped of this disguise, 

 so that one might know what is independent of all 

 these peculiarities, and thus be able to apply his 

 knowledge in unaccustomed circumstances. Expe- 



deemed of value: it is so just in the 

 in which the facts that it has 

 have taught their lesson perfectly. 

 The longer the experience, the greater is its value, 

 just because, the more the facts of which it takes 

 account, the less the chance of the peculiarities of 

 any of them interfering with the lesson taught by all. 

 Now, science is the result of all experience — its 

 doctrines are the truths which the experience of all 

 time has taught : and yet it is despised by many who 

 profess to praise an experience, iurnishing, perhaps, 

 two or three only of the thousand foundation- stonea 

 on which science rests ! 



Now the facts of a single year's experience on a 

 farm are the expression of course not only of the 

 scientific truth, so to speak, which they illustrate, 

 but also of every little specialty of' the season, soil, 

 and every other cause in operation — and the in- 

 fluence of these is to be estimated and provided for 

 only after the actual observation of their influence 

 and effects. On this ground, therefore, as well as 

 on the ground that on the management of men and 

 economy of labour — a matter on which practice is 

 the only teacher — farm profits much depend, per- 

 sonal practice in the field must always be considered 

 an essential part of agricultural education. ^ But the 

 great truths of agriculture which come within the 

 bounds of one or other of the sciences, are of course 

 equally important, and they may be taught in class 

 rooms as well as learned in fields. 



The importance of science as the shortest road to 

 an acquaintance with useful truth, and the import- 

 ance of practice too in any scheme of agricultural 

 education, are what we wish to illustrate : the 

 opportunities presented in this country and in 

 Ireland for the acquisition of such an education, 

 will be referred to in another artic le. 



The Palace of Glass is open. The Queen of 

 England, in her glittering robes, and attended by 

 her plumed and diamonded courtiers in gorgeous 



has been there enthroned, like an Arabian 



The mul-i 



her " Hall of Light." 



array, 



" Fair One/' in 



titudes of visitors who have purchased the keys of 

 this temple of enchantment can now witness 

 the industrial productions of "all nations," and 

 learn what all men are able to do. Decoration and 

 ornament are perhaps in greatest profusion ; but 

 there is also every variety of the first necessaries of 

 life — food, clothing, and machines of utility occupy- 

 ing large areas in the building. Peculiarities of 

 country and climate are represented, no less than 

 diversity of art and manufacture ; vegetable, mineral, 

 and animal substances, the produce of Nature 

 assisted by Art, being present in every form ; so that 

 amongst them, the labours of Agriculture w T hich, 

 being of a more homely and vulgar character than those 

 of Art and Science, and effecting less brilliant and 

 beautiful results, are expressed in numerous specimens 

 of the fruits of the field. As the great exposition is one 

 of industrial works, of course the productions of Nature 

 by herself only are mainly excluded ; and yet in 

 not admitting these it comes to pass that agricultural 

 industry is only partially represented — by not pro- 

 viding a class for Animals half the farmer's pro- 

 ductions are shut out ; and we might almost say, by 

 not taking in the native or wild vegetation, &c, of 

 different countries, as well as those cultivated by 

 man, the difficulties overcome by the farmer, in the 

 shape of weeds and insects, are not displayed. The 

 thing of course cannot be other than it is for answer- 

 ing the desired end, but still it should be borne in 

 mind by spectators of the agricultural departments 

 of the exhibition, that raw produce and machinery 

 are only a portion of the farmer's material and pro- 

 ductions. They should couple the coming Show of 

 Live Stock in Windsor-park with the display of food, 



