append their names to what they shall write ; and if you, 

 also, will be so kind as to cause our correspondence to 

 be inserted in your Journal, I will undertake to prove, 

 to the satisfaction of many of the intelligent readers of 

 it, that it would be more repugnant to common sense, 

 or more repugnant to jsound wisdom, for landlords to 

 destroy, than it is for them to preserve game on their 

 estates. Geo. Willins, April 21. [We insert this letter 

 because we think it would be for the advantage ]of both 

 owners and cultivators of land, if the agricultural aspect 

 of the game question were to be temperately discussed.] 

 The Guano Trade. — Accuracy in matters of fact is, I 

 agree with you, indispensable in this as in any other 

 question in which exactness is obtainable. That I had 

 good grounds for stating the present freight of guano at 

 " about 31. a ton," the following extract from a letter 

 I received in the beginning of this month, from the 

 commander of a first-class English barque, will show. 

 The letter is dated Valparaiso, Jan. 24, 1851. "I have 

 chartered the Malcolm, at 31. 5s. 9 to load at the Chinca 

 Islands, a cargo of guano, and call at Cork for orders. 

 This is the best charter I could obtain. I was recom- 

 mended to fix the ship, and now find ships of our same 

 class going the same round at 3Z., as you will see by the 

 English papers." The definition of the word monopoly, 

 given by Johnson, is * the exclusive privilege of selling 

 any commodity :" and if that is not what Messrs. Gibbs 

 and Sons claim by their advertisement, I do not under- 

 stand its meaning. But I did not use the term in an ob- 

 noxious sense, nor did I apply it to Messrs. Gibbs, except 

 as the agents of the Peruvian Government. The question 

 for the farmers to consider is, can guano be got on cheaper 

 terms ? I am told by several shipmasters who have 

 traded it at the islands, that the supply appeared to 

 them nearly inexhaustible. If this is really the case it 

 would certainly be for the interest of the Peruvian 

 Government to open the trade. The consumption of 

 the article in this country might be greatly increased 

 by lowering the price ; and the Peruvian Government, 

 by selling 200,000 tons in a year, at 31. a ton, would 

 obtain a larger revenue than from 100,000 tons at 41. 

 The two classes in this country, from which all protec- I 

 tion has recently been withdrawn, the agricultural and 

 shipping interests, are those which would benefit most 

 by this change ; and it is a matter of sufficient impor- 

 tance, in my opinion, to suggest the Foreign Secretary's 

 interposition. The opening of a trade which would 

 double the employment of our fine ships suitable to the 

 west coast voyages, and at the same time enable our 

 farmers to grow larger crops at less expense, is surely 

 worthy of the consideration of Government. James 

 Caird, Baldoon, April 28. 



Suggestion for Draining Tiles, to be used only at the 

 union of the small and main Drains.— I. The large tile, 

 after passing the machine, will require a circular hole 

 being cut in the centre of it, large enough to receive the 

 rim of the small tile. 2. The smaller square tile will 

 require a circular hole cut near one end, large enough 

 to discharge the quantity of water it can carry, with a 

 rim round the hole, to keep it secure in its place, and 

 that end must be stopped. The opening in the main 



particularly pollards, and then not allow a stick to be I 

 touched, and to introduce a special clause in the leasejor 



agreement to that effect ; this is as much as any reason- 

 able tenant ought to expect. H. B. M. 



The County Census of 1851.— Singularly enough, by 

 the schedules of the new census, landlords or] landed 

 proprietors are not asked if they farm their own 

 property ; admirals, colonels, captains, esquires, nowa- 

 days' farm, some their own property, others, as occu- 

 piers ; none of these questions are put to them as are 

 put to occupiers of land, only who are to call themselves 

 "farmers," put their sons and daughters down as 

 " farmer's son," and * farmer's daughter." What would 

 the fine ladies of silks and fur-belows say to such denomi- 

 nation ? or the son M.A., of independent fortune ? 

 Again, no questions are asked if all the children are 

 legitimate ? In every parish a certain number are born 

 out of wedlock. But this schedule does not ask the 

 question ! Every lady who is shy of telling her age, 

 and those who say they have the privilege of deducting 

 three years from the sum total of their years of 

 existence, are told if they tell not their age truly, two 

 justices of the peace will make them, and fine them to 

 boot five pounds ! Most courteous legislators ! most 

 polite justices ! It would have been a«rery interesting 

 fact to have learned by this census the number of 

 gentlemen born who are as a pleasure, recreation, or 

 profit, farming land. I believe at this moment the 

 number so doing, both of members of the church, of 

 the army, and navy, is very great; and a vulgar 

 prejudice exists against such intelligent men doing so, 

 the argument being, they are driving out and preventing 

 a certain class of men from getting a livelihood as 

 " tenants 5" an absurd complaint. Q. K S., Hants. 



2d. The farm stable and i 



road 



BhouU 





(except where a turnpike road W g * te fr ° 

 by). No loose cattle or jfiXS^Z** **< 

 horses or carriage, to interrupt the frl t ^ of * 

 water for the horses to h* ;™ I "lessor <* 



stable. 



Uh inl^i"^^^ °*ou.d be 



nun.*; 



with in-door communication 



conti 



by th 

 room 



house 



5 



threshing machine, and the corn Z**** «*, 

 by itself ; indeed every thnT?/.?.^. <' 



the moment the threshing is stopped IV™*^' % 



fiAPnvo.1 l„r i™i. j 1.... e "'"Ppea, the gram ^„... 



would ttius be avoided. The stack var 1 „, 



~ of c„u rse , «„ be „ ^S Z £fc 



4. The houses for feeding bullocks u k • 



that a direct communication can be had frn T* 

 house. This m*v fc* **ia *_ L ue llad fr °m the * 



_■ 



&Qtittit$ 



ROYAL AGRICULTURAL Sf)CIETY p OF ENGLAND. 



A Weekly Council was held at the Society's House 

 in Hanover-square, on Wednesday last, the 30th of 

 April: present, Mr. Raymond Barker, V.P., in the 

 chair, Lord Beniers, Don D. Savignon, Mr. Brandreth, 

 Mr. Brooks, Mr. Burke, Mr. Burton, Mr. W. G. 

 Cavendish, M.P., Mr. Clavering, Mr. Cobon, Mr. Davy, 

 Mr. Flack, Mr. Gadesden, Mr. Garret, Mr. Gooch, M.P., 

 Mr. Fisher Hobbs, Mr. Majendie, Mr. Milward, Mr. 

 C. E. Overman, Mr. Parkins, Mr. Pendarves, M.P., 

 Mr. Rowfendson, Professor Sewell, Mr. Stansfield,M.P., 

 Mr. Stephens, Mr. Stone, Professor Way, and Mr. 

 Wolryche Whit-more. 



The following new members were elected : — 



ttoilwey, M.de Bethman, Prussian Legation, London. 

 Bolton Lord, Hackwood Hale, Basingstoke, Hants. 

 Lutener, Thomas, Doierw, Newtown, Montgomery shire. 

 York, James, M.D., WrjarnelinVhous*\ St. John's-wood. 

 Ferard, Charle- Cotton, Ascot place, WinkfiehJ, Berkshire. 



The names of 12 candidates for election at the next 

 meeting were then read.* 



The following were among the presents made to the 

 Society : the Transactions of the Yorkshire Agricultural 

 Society, (containing an. interesting series of experiments 

 with coprolites, peat charcoal, &c, as manure for 

 Turnips) ; Mr. Tanner Davy's Prize Essay on the 

 Management of Farm- yard Manure ; Proceedings of 

 the Royal Institution of Great Britain ; Transactions 

 of the Horticultural Society, the Statistical Society, the 

 Entomological Society, the Highland and Agricultural 

 Society of Scotland, and the Royal Jersey Society ; 

 the Farmers' Magazine; Mr. Lee's Report (through 

 Mr. Chadwick) on the application of Sewerage Water 

 to Irrigation and Agriculture ; and M. Desplanques' 

 "Expose sur V Industrie de la Laine" : for which the 

 Council ordered their usual acknowledgments to the 

 respective donors for their attention to the Society in 

 offering these donations. 



The Council then adjourned to Wednesday, the 7th 

 of May. 



drain tile and the rim of the small tUe being both 

 circular; it will be immaterial at what angle the drains 

 meet 3 It is suggested that a sufficient quantity of 

 tiie trtes should be cut in two by the maker, of various 

 lengths, to avojd the necessity of breaking a tile, so that 

 any length requ.red at the union of the main and small 

 drains may always be ready for use. 4. It will be 

 observed that by this mode of uniting the drains, the 

 small dram deposits its contents into the main drain 

 the capacity of which is not diminished in its union with 

 the smaller drain. W. Htwetscm, Famborough. 



The Pruning of Hedgerow Timber.— Let me (through 

 the medium of your excellent Paper) call the attentiSn 

 of landlords to a custom which is rapidly gaining 

 ground in several parts of the country, tending^ the 

 injury of property and the disfigurement of the country, 

 which is more annoying to me than the wanton manner 

 m which timber is sometimes trimmed, being a mere 

 whip ; it is evident that timber-thus served is ruined 

 A paper read at a farmers' club by a Mr. Oliver, and 

 reported in your last Number, has reminded me of this 

 subject. He suggests that the landlords should pay the 

 tenants rent for the timber grown on the farm! His 

 next proposition wul be that the landlord shall pay the 

 rent of the farm to the tenant. He talks of the antiquity 

 of leases ; I will answer for it the growing of timber is 

 as old as the oldest lease. Was Mr. 01ive°r wide awake 



I ^ » ^ k K H,S farm ? Did he Dot see timber S^nl 

 tn fin 1 f u h ° remonslrate I * not, what righfhas he 

 to find fault w,th any one but himself ? I am no ad vo 



cate for a superabundance of timber, but a clearance 



i°SJr Tr™' eVCn t0 th ? tenant ' l would urge 

 on landlords the necessity of looking to the subject § I 



advise their cutting down all ill-growing, useless^mber 



St. Germans, Feb. 14. 



Farmers' Clubs. 



paper 



Mr. Peters read the following 



On the importance of a proper arrangement of 

 farm Buildings, with the application of requisite Ma- 

 chinery far economically carrying on the work of the Farm. 

 lhe investigation of my subject naturally divides itself 

 into two branches — 



1st.— The consideration of the loss sustained from old, 



deficient, and badly arranged buildings, without proper 

 machinery. ° 7 r l 



And 2nd.— The advantages derivable from sufficient 



mZh^e°i ' Pr ° Per arran Sement, with requisite 



There are a few general rules or principles in regard 

 to the arrangement of known necessary integral parts 

 of farm buildings, which may be laid down as axioms! 

 en i j- , dvvell 'ng-"ouse in my opinion should be at 



?™l1 T r ° m the * ard and other buildings as to 

 leave a ree clear space for air, and healthful sweetness, 

 around the dwelling of the farmer. I know this view is 

 opposed to that of a noble lord who wrote on Th s 

 subject (Lord Torrington), who advocated its beinZlaced 

 in the midst of the dung and cattle houses, that a%u P er 

 vision might go on from the windows. With £*£* 

 deference to such high authority, I would sav a for 

 your "from the window » superintend The £n er 

 requires to be on the spot, here, there, and everyXrT 

 (the idea was certainly calculated to bring thlm^S 

 -their own arenas possible.)- Anothe^E I IZ 



the duties of those properly belonging to the farm vard 

 In very small holdings, where the o^pfe * XS£ 

 own family, do most of the work th* Ti warmers 



thing different ' le ° ase m ^ be some - 



according to the present 

 Hux 



been 



su *'e whethi 



This may be said to be a matter TbdJ 



1 _ f .. th ?, SyS * era , of litte ™S ^raw were dSn2 



gemeuts of 2} 



hitherto, that we are not 

 boarding, and the foul air, may not give^K^ 

 year, to the palace of glass and means of rfmovL *> 

 putrefactive mass, beyond the reach of the atS*? 

 inspired by the animals ; and in regard to T^T 

 bedding, we are well aware that it is a nou-corZ* , 

 heat, and hence if it should not directly ■ *cS5SL? 

 does not extract it, and will therefore tend *; JJJJ 



J .t nd p ontr | bute in . no little degree to the f&tfeja, 

 5. The accommodation for dairy ™cow"ouolinl? t 



r»nniiffiiniiB +r» +!.«. /K„~li:~~ l * V' 1 W (ft 



and thriving of the animals comfortably beddrf'S 



•p ,., x . - M convenient, lad 



if, at the same time, access to a Grass meadow or meLto* 



can be obtained so much the better; access'throSS 

 same means ought to be had to the apartment devote! 

 to rearing calves ; this again to communicate with i 

 steaming or cooking house for food. 



6\ Young or store bullocks should be placed inkoim 

 boxes, or sheds accessible to roots and straw, sheltew) 

 from the prevailing winds, and especially from drau*hfc 

 or currents. 6 



7. The accommodation for pigs should be contmom 

 to and accessible from the cooking house, and be placed 

 where the sun can shine as much as possible on them. If 

 this cannot be accomplished without exposure to the 

 prevailing winds of the neighbourhood, I see no reason 

 why one side of the roof should not be glazed. A motf 

 important addition to the piggery, would be one or two 

 apartments contiguous to the steaming house for lying-in 

 wards, fitted with an apparatus for heating them with 

 hot water— this may look like one of those schemes of 

 "farming run mad" that are so common. Win 

 visiting the propagating houses and nursery of my fried 

 Mr. Pontey, in Plymouth, the other day, I could not 

 help in my own mind, contrasting the care, the anxiety, 

 i the knowledge brought to bear in the propagation rf 

 those beautiful little exotics, — the temperature to a 

 degree requisite for their healthful development, the 

 giving air, &c, — with the bungling, careless, heedlea, 

 nay ignorant treatment of our domestic animals when 

 young and by nature tender ; althoughthey are subject to 

 as immutable laws as these plants, and would no doubt 

 repay the diligent care and study of their natural habits 

 and wants. — I do think if our young farmers wooH 

 devote a day to the inspection not only of the nursery 

 but of the manner of husbanding up manure by friend 

 Pontey, it would teach thejn a valuable lesson of attention 

 and perseverance which, if carried to the farm and 

 farm-yard, would be a great acquisition. 



8. Poultry, if it could be so arranged, should have a 

 place by themselves apart from the farm-yard in sosb 

 quiet sheltered corner, where certain other little offices 

 are concentrated, such as hackney stable, gig-house, asn- 

 house, &c, more immediately in connection with family 



comforts. , 



Having laid down those general rules, Mr. Petersthen 

 referred to and explained his illustrative sketches, m 

 order more clearly to show the disadvantages * tte ^ 

 on bad arrangement of farm buildings ; and stated, 

 concerning the farm to which his illustrations ^^ 

 it was in the north of Cornwall— its extent was 20 , acres , 



>quecce 



of the inadequacy of its farm buildings tnere i*d kg 

 incurred a yearly loss equal to 25 per cent, on 

 rental on threshing alone; while the tot* lj^ fa 

 equal to 50 per cent. By an exnenditure 



buildings and machinery additional' to what waspwjj 

 on the farm, the accommodation was rendered corny 



.niter** 



$ottre$ of 3aoI& . 



1. The Dorking Fowl: Hints for its Man^ement^ 

 Feeding for the Table. By John BaiJy, * 



London, pp. 3D. . p ra ctkll 



2. The American Poultry-Bool ; being a c 

 Treatise on the Management of Domestic r ^ 

 By Micaiah R. Cock. New York: Harp 



Brothers. 1844, pp. 179. r^ivr at go"* 1 



Those who have enjoved the privilege of (M>«t dj 

 tables in London— and those who have not «*£j] r if 

 to be condoled with— must have observed <w ^^ 

 they have had the pleasure of visiting the *»» tfa« 

 in the country) the immense difference w ^ ^ 

 poultry set before the same class of people 













