THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 



SOO 



* ■ ... ■.„ | ,• J r^TTi^L time to , The extreme distance to which the liquid manure .was 



unless many hands are engaged m preparing the straw, 

 and in thatching at a period at which they are wanted 

 lathering in in the fields. I have seen, in various parts 

 of the country, permanent sheds in use for storing hay 

 from the field, mere roofs supported on high poles or 

 timber braced together, but open on all sides. Are you 

 or any of your readers aware of any practical objection 

 to this mode of saving hay ? Is there any good reason 

 why similar sheds should not be constructed for housing 

 corn ! These might be placed on cast-iron standards, 

 capped, to keep out vermin, as staddles now are. The 

 advantages in catching weather, saving the cost and 

 labour attending rick-cloths, the annual preparation and 

 consumption of straw, economy of space (for at least 

 twice the quantity would be protected in a given space 

 as compared with the ordinary plan), are very obvious. 

 The expense, where Larch is grown, would be little 

 re than the laths and slate ; and when it is considered 





this would last 40 years, when well put together, and 

 the other expenses are of annual occurrence, it is con- 

 ceived there can be no question about the economy of 

 the permanent shed. There may, however, be serious 

 objections which do not occur to me, but which some of 

 your more experienced readers may suggest. It is a 

 subject on which it may be useful to invite discussion. 



a L\ 



The present State of Irish Agriculture. — Having 

 reviewed the chief measures in operation for the 

 relief of Irish husbandry, they all appear to labour 

 for the furtherance and prosecution of the one common 

 object — the rural instruction of the people. I have 

 succinctly traced the cause of this ignorance, from 

 which results the pauperism of the people — the stagna- 

 tion of industry and the inertitude of the country's 

 resources. If we admit national ignorance as the 

 national barrier to national prosperity, we must grant 

 education to be the primary means — the true foundation 

 on which to raise the superstructure of that great 

 reformation. We are a people blessed with natural 

 facilities for making up a country's greatness ; and we 

 are & nation presenting that anomalous position of a 

 people paralysed from want of knowledge, which is a 

 want of power. We want an education to inspire con- 

 fidence to begin, and energy to sustain the improve- 

 ment of Ireland by her sons. The progress of educa- 

 tion is slow ; its unit of time is a generation ; but 

 slowness of progress is essential to permanence of truth. 

 Happily education is not now-a-days confined to a par- 

 ticular class — the progress of all things has broken 

 down the barrier which shut out the light of science 

 and of truth from those of humble means. The school- 

 boy must have his industrial, his working hours as 

 well as his school hours. The development of the 

 intellect, the formation of character must be sup- 

 ported by the powerful adjuncts of useful inclinations. 

 To combine agriculture with literary studies is evi- 

 dently a step in the right direction. It is a plan that 

 enhances the liberty of youth from the thraldom of 

 traditional prejudices— of those prejudices so faithfully 

 imparted from sire to son, winch mock at reason, en- 

 slave truth, and restrict the freedom of honest inquiry. 

 Teach, therefore, the principles of improved agriculture 

 to the scholar in the schoolroom, and such knowFed<*e 

 will aid him in the field. Li?/ra, April 9. & 



Produce of Cows.— Seeing, in your valuable paper, of 



the 29th ult., that " A Subscriber's » cows, are producing 



6 i* lb r s \ of bu *ter each weekly, I am induced to state 



that I have a cow, five years old, of the Sussex and 



Devonshire breed, that with a small quantity of hay 



and about 6 gallons Mangold Wurzel daily, with the run 



of 1 i acre of meadow (a large portion of which, owin* 



to the late rains, has been of little use) has for these 



five weeks produced 12 lbs. of butter of superior quality 



«Z»er" New)nan > Stedham Hall, near Midhurst, 



Conveyance of Liquid Manure- In a former communi- 

 cation I incidentally mentioned some of the advantages 

 accruing from the employment of CrosskiWs por- 

 table farm railway. Since then I have succeeded 

 m turning it to good account as a means of conveying 

 liquid manure upon the land in wet weather, without 

 injury to the soil. Hitherto I have used the liquid 

 manure cart for this purpose. I need not tell those 

 who have used it, that it is a barbarous apparatus 

 though I confess to its usage, however suspicious I 

 might have been that it occasioned more injury to the 

 land than the manure did good. Still I did use it 

 because I disliked the idea of waste. However, as soon 

 as I obtained my portable railway, I resolved if possible 

 to apply it to this purpose ; I therefore purchased a lar 2 e 

 cask holding 260 gallons, and fitted it upon one of my rlt 

 way trucks. * rom Burgess and Key, of Newgate-stree 

 I bought some 2-inch gutta percha canvas hose; in lengths 

 l 1 ^ 8 ^ «* *o a gutta percha tap' to fit into 

 the cask. Having thus obtained the requisite apparatus 

 to work with, we lad down the rails from theTnTt 

 the field over which we wished to 



manufacturers who bring their genius and skill to the 

 aid of the agriculturists in these transition times thus to 

 acknowledge our indebtedness to them ; and therefore I 

 request the insertion of the above in your valuable 

 Paper. /. M . Paine, March 22. 



The subject of Farm Buildings is deservedly engross- 

 ing a considerable share of attention at the present 

 time ; and as without convenient buildings farming 

 cannot be made profitable, I venture to give my ideas 

 upon it, in the hope that some of your correspondents, 

 better qualified than myself, may be led to the subject ; 

 and, improving on these rough notes, reduce them into 

 a working and practical shape. Considerable disap- 

 pointment was felt with regard to the plans in No. 25 

 of the Royal Agricultural Society's Journal, on the 

 construction of farm buildings. Not so much with the 

 arrangement, as at the enormous expense, for it is too 

 costly to sink 12002., or 1500Z., in buildings upon a 

 farm of 300 acre3. The Society should have 

 pointed the way, not merely to good, but in these 

 depressed times, to economical buildings, and until it 

 has done this, it cannot be said to have conferred an 

 obligation on the country with respect to this subject. 

 The objects to be kept in view in erecting a " farmery," 

 are first of all adaptation — making each office precisely 

 what the best systems of feeding and working require — 

 and arranging the whole, that the processes may be, so 

 to speak, consecutive. The depot of food and litter 

 should adjoin the stables, cattle-boxes, and piggeries. 

 No carrying back — no doing and undoing of work — the 

 whole labour and operations to be under cover. With 



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Description of Woodcut.-l, Stack yard- 2 How* Wallr . «* 

 mg ; B, Cottage ; C, Road. 



; A, Stalls far cows orfeed- 



pos- 



a strict regard to these essentials, we must keep a strict 

 eye on the expense. To give a better idea than I 



I iLT d0 ,M any Verbal Ascription, I Subjoin 



say eff foT n n SkCtCh °i bui,din S 9 for a ™«" i, 

 say of 100 *™>c embracing the advantages 



say 



acres 



extensibility and economy, both 





tlfTarS iS tf DiShed W ST***™* ^sfan^tSr 

 10 jards, and thus we cont.nued till the watering of the 

 field was completed. For this worl- t^ „ 

 required ; and*! find that the'eon^ twi°c e as* mS 

 liquid manure upon the laud in a dav « T™? 

 tomed to draw out with the "art 3 T^ZZTZ 

 horses I need scarcely add that the lanTl wis not 

 kneaded at all, although the liquid was applied Yn E 

 attest of weather, aud upon" a very S£us soX 



of 

 of 

 on 



so as to aft ; C T Se ' the bam mU8t be «*>"* 

 Wheat heSt^ 6 5?" ™ ^' mar y sized *«* ° 



m to £ thl ♦ mach - ,ne ' w . hich shouId be so P laced 



Torn and «Lff • ♦ &W 1Dt ° the str ™-»ouse, and the 

 wi ,u *i ♦ ? ° se P arate chambers : a floor level 

 corn l? ° f thG , ma u Chine Wil1 *"* for chaff-cuS 

 the cS^l', 11 ^ , 0ther 4 °P^tion 8 of a like nature" 



or et k sC Fr i Te ^ d C ther u int ° the ^-house' 

 or cook shop. From the straw-house we have door- 



ways and feeding paths leadlmTTh^-r-^ 

 cattle-boxes, and stalls. The eo^td^ 



fmm, 



to be a lean-to from the straw-bam »i ,' l 

 from the stables and boxes. If requtreV^J** 

 may be formed on the south of the boxes • 2**" IU| 

 ment-shed will be near the horses anal , m V+ 

 to the hind's cottage ; the poultry Cut toV^f «* 

 at hand, and the stack-yard one side of th^ I ^ *» 

 know you could not afford space for a lengthy SSL*! 

 and as after all a plan is worth a volume oVfi&» 

 1 subjoin it, and make my bow. with an ;«.• ^"Pws, 

 by working up old materials, I hint the co SC 5 

 exceed 300?. Columella, Stockton. Shon14 * 



The Lark. 



We cannot, as Mr. Kidd 



your Journal, allow the question of the E D ffk2 

 to remain open, for no bird is more destructiS ^S 



more difficult to drive away from, young 



eto,(4 



lark. I have often been moved to wrath bvth 

 unmistakeable effects of their proceedings in the *** 

 shoots of corn lying on the ground, as if their t J3 

 ance had given the bird first notice of the existed 

 the grain. I have driven up flocks of skylarks ^3 

 have scolded my bird tenters for their negliw : "" 

 they always assure me they cannot keep off the lib. 

 and I believe them, as I have frequently assisted fll 

 in their labours with a gun, which merely drives tb 

 birds to another remoter part of the field. I shoS 

 say that no observant farmer could enter the lists* 

 the side of Mr. Kidd ; and however agreeable a sorosfe 

 the lark may be, there is no doubt, as Mr. Forea* 

 observes, of the farmer having to pay dear for his 

 whistle. I am ready to produce witnesses of the troth 

 of what I assert. P. A . Hurt, Htwall, Derbyihire. 



The Guano Trade. — The importance of the subject 

 will, I trust, excuse me for again trespassing on voor 

 space in this question. Since my first letter, I hare been 

 favoured with information volunteered by parties in the 

 trade, substantially confirming my statements ; andfroa 

 more special inquiries since made by me in LiverpooL 

 I have obtained the following particulars, which mav be 

 relied on. The comparative prices of guano and aw 

 age rates of freight, during the months of April and Mir, 

 from the importers, were as follow : — 



For the three years 1819, 1850, and 1851. 



Price of Peruvian Guano 91. 91. 5s. 91. 5j. 

 Average Freights paid 4i. ZL 15*. %l Is. 6d. to 31. Id, 



Some of the large ships arriving this month may be 

 as low as Zl. 5s. ; " and by the advices of last mall, ves- 

 sels were being freighted at 55s. to 60s.'per ton. There 

 can be no doubt, ^therefore, that the ^importers for the 

 Peruvian Government are making a clear additional 

 profit, from the fall in freights ; and that in the courseof 

 the season, as the lower freighted vessels arrive, they may 

 sell their guano at 11. 15s. with the same profit which 

 satisfied them in 1 849. It is very galling to the farmers, 

 who have been such good customers to the Peruvian 

 Government, to find themselves entirely deprived of the 

 benefit of the present reduced rates of freight. Jam 

 Caird, JBaldoon, May Tth. 



ROYAL AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY OF ESGLAKD. 



A Monthly Council was held at the Society's House, 

 in Hanover-square, on Wednesday last, the 7th of May ; 

 His Grace the Duke of Richmond, K.G., President, in 

 the chair. The following Members of Conncil and 

 Governors were present: — Earl of Ducie, Earl of 

 Chichester, Lord Berners,'Lord Southampton, LordBnd- 

 port, Lord Portman, Sir Thomas D. Acland, Bart, Mi.- 

 Sir M. W. Ridley, Bart., Sir Charles Lemon, Bart., M.l, 

 Sir John V. B. Johnstone, Bart, M.P., Colonel Austen, 

 Mr. Raymond Barker, Mr. Barnett, Mr. S. Bennett, Mr. 

 Bramston, M.P., Mr. Brandreth, Mr. W. G. Cavendg, 

 M.P., Colonel Challoner, Mr. Evelyn Denison,31.F,3ir. 

 Druce, Mr. Foley, M. P., Mr. Garrett, Mr. Bran(W» 

 Gibbs, Mr. Grantham, Mr. Fisher Hobbs, Mr. » 

 Mr. Jonas, Colonel Le Couteur, Mr. MilwM » 

 Pemlarves, M.P., Prof. Sewell, Mr. Shaw (London;, .ur. 

 Shelley, Mr. Sillifant, Mr. Simpson, Mr. ^"^V 

 Mr. Spencer Stanhope, Mr. Stansnekl, M^ - ir : ' 

 Hampden Turner, Mr. Turner (Barton), 3ir. *» 

 Webb, and Mr. Wilson, of Stowlangloft. 



Hepburn, George, Cheshaui, Bu^ in 8 haT P 8,,ir vf flnc i 1 es i er. 

 Ganthorpe, Henry, Norman-road, RusnoJme, Mancnei. 

 Denman, Arnold, Somh Mailing, Lewes, Sussex. 

 Sterriker, John, Driffield, Yorkshire. 

 Sourham, Henry, Uppingham, Rutlandshire. 

 Barrett, Stephen, Harewood, Leeds. 

 Taylor, Isaac, Castle-hou-e, Flint. 

 Parker, Thomas Jamee, Endcliff, Sheffield. Le icciter 



Elmhursr, Itev. E„ Shawell Rectory, ^TSan^ire. 

 Roberts, Frederick Rowland, Abery smith, . t^ru i k 

 Gardiner, Samuel AVeare, Coombe Lodge, wea »■ 

 French, Richard Day, St. John's, » un W' ^Yorkshire. 

 Faviell,Mark, jun., ftyndale-liall, Pontefract, Yorw 



The names of 12 candidates for election at tne 

 monthly Council were then read. t $$ 



Finances—Mi-. Raymond Barker, Ch« p J« , * t 

 Finance Committee, presented to the Counci n wr^ 

 on the Accounts of the Society, to end ot m v ^ 

 month ; from which it appeared that the cu 

 balance in the hands of the bankers was i i» ■» ^ 



account of Life-Compos, K>ns> 



8507. 



eluding ijt>vi. on autuuu. *•» — - - • , etateniei'" 

 Chairman also laid on the table the quarter y « JJ 

 of income and expenditure, funded property • 

 ties. This Heport was received and "W^, l»ii 



Countuy Meeting of 18 ° l -~X?/a P „ ev3 \ W'ini 5 * 

 before the 

 Committeej ^ ^,„__. 



CotNTRY MEETINO OF I8fi f_ "" ^L^ ft* 1 ** 



favoured with the attendance of Df P u *°™ Tor ringt<* 

 South-Eastern District, including Viscount 



r Meeting of 1001. ^- 



Council a report from the Geneia 



■, winch was receivecUnd adoptej^ ^ 





