308 



THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE 



were but little cat up. The tops of the mountains, 



adjacent to the low country in which we were 



travelling, were often covered with snow, and there 



the weather seemed to be wild and stormy.' ' (P* 150.) 



« The climate (of Hobart Town) is almost too 



cold lor Grapes and Cucumbers, but Apples, Pears, 



Quinces, Mulberries, and Walnuts, succeed better 



than in England. Oaks, Ashes, and Sycamores, 



raised from English seeds, attain to 3 or 4 feet the 



first year. Bees have been lately introduced. The 



first hive swarmed 16 times this summer ! Many 



of the little shrubs which ornament English green • 



houses are natives of this country, so that the 



gardens here have the advantage of having them in 



the open ground, and to these are added several 



from Africa and New South Wales. Here also are 



some fine young Norfolk Island Pines." (P. 23.) 



Mount Wellington, near Hobart Town. 

 company with two young surgeons I again ascended 

 Mount Wellington, and collected specimens of 

 various plants. Though the summer is advancing, 

 snow fell dry on the top of the mountain, and the 



In 



ORCHIDS FOR THE MILLION.— No. I. 



Bring desirous of growing a few of the more showy 

 Orchidaceous plants, but as neither myself nor my then 

 gardener were acquainted with the mode of their cul- 

 tivation, I applied for some information on this head to 

 Mr. Williams, the gardener of my neighbour, Mr. Warner, 

 and who kindly from time to time gave me such in- 

 struction as was necessary for a beginner. There is a 

 notion amongst gardeners that the cultivation of these 

 plants is attended with great difficulty ; that different 

 houses for different climates are necessary, and that the 

 secret of good culture is only known to few ; that, in 

 fact, no one but those having a large establishment, 

 and a gardener expressly skilled in Orchidaceous cul- 

 ture, should attempt to grow them. Mr. Bateraan, 

 in the preface to his great work, intimates that their 

 cultivation is to be left to the aristocratic, whilst the 

 more humble florist is to be confined to his Carna- 



and such -like flowers. 



tions, Auriculas, Dahlias, 



Mr. Williams' plan seemed to me very simple, and 

 also that one house might easily be made to answer the 

 purpose, if properly managed, at least for those who 

 are not ambitious of possessing a very large collection, 

 - - . . or of growing such as are most impatient of culture ; 



cold, with a high wind, was so intense, that I was having derived much advantage from the instruction 



enable the Russian 



_T 1J __ . ... — —wive HVA h«J. __ 



tot 



country. 



ced into 



Flower Markets. -One of the first 



inhabitants, rich aid 



*» 



•r 



passion 

 young, have 



thing, ^ 



for flowers. 



*** 





The P°o p iO 



surprise and delight, the halls and ^J^ 

 which, for eight or nine months in the v^! *" 

 conservatories than the interior of ST'** ^^ 

 houses ; being gay with - 1 — '- - c °nunon ^ 



plants 



doors we find 



unable to restore circulation in my hands by rubbing 

 them with snow. Some of (my fingers were conse- 

 quently numb for several days after. Another of 

 our company became violently affected with cramp, 

 from which we all suffered in some degree. Though 

 the snow was insufficient to protect vegetation from 

 the frost, many plants which were in flower did not 

 seem to be injured by it, yet they cannot endure 

 the continued cold of an English winter. (Nov. 11 : 

 p. 224.) 



4i Proceeding across a salt marsh t<J the shores of 

 Frederick Henry Bay (b ? .E. of island), we saw the 

 Princess Royal, a vessel with female emigrants from 

 England, driving from her anchors, in a violent 

 storm of wind and snow {Aug. 23). The snow was 

 about 3 inches thick in the morning. The snow 

 among trees in full foliage presented a novel appear- 

 ance to an Englishman. All the trees and shrubs 

 of this country are evergreens; and, with the ex- 

 ception of the little patches of land that have been 

 cleared by settlers, may be said to cover the whole 



The thermometer at Richmond was at 



country 



27° several times this winter." 

 Hampshire Hills. N. of 



» » a . M _ _ - W 



npw.uds of 



in one day 

 4 inches. 



{Aug. 24 ; p. 65.) 



.,.-.. - . Island. — " Notwith- 



standing it is now Midsummer, the weather is cold 

 with hail and sleet. The climate here is much 

 colder than that of the coast. (Dec. 29; p. 118 ) 

 Heavy rain fell, and the cold became so great, that 

 we were glad to retire to bed early for protection 

 from the piercing wind. By a register kept by my 

 friend Joseph M.lligan, of the quantity of rain that 

 tell at the Hampshire Hills, from 1835 to 1839, the 

 mean annual quantity appeared to be upwards of 

 6, niches In 1837 it exceeded 80 inches. The 

 greatest fall in one dav in the five years was 



Notwithstanding it was 

 summer, and large patches of ground were white 

 with the blossoms of Diplarrhena raoraa, an Iris- 

 like plant, common in the colony, the Barn Bluff 

 and other mountains adjacent, were covered with 

 fresh snow, and the tops of the Potatoes at Chilt 

 were touched with frost. The land here 

 with marshy flats and grassy forest. The treea of 

 the open ground are chiefly stringy-bark, 20 to 



(l»22 n ; £T26.) erenCe ' aDd 7 ° t0 10 ° feet **•" 



Launceston, North of Island. — « This morn- 



in, the mountains visible from Launceston S tTe 



north-east were covered with snow. This was also 



he case m the south of the island, down to 10(5 

 feet above the level of the sea. Snow is unusual 

 in summer m this country ; notwithstanding summer 

 frosts are by no means of rare occurrence. (Feb. 27 • 

 P. 134.) During this period, the weather was 



rosty at mght, the thermometer frequency falLI 

 to 2., . From the adjacent hills, the town in 

 morning, often appeared as if i were Sed 

 clou.ls, as the fog, to which it is liable, dispersed" 



Jo p 149T e 8enerally Clear and -arm." P S; 



on 

 is high, 

 trees 



afforded to me, I recommended Mr 



notes of his mode of culture, and since these were 



written I have advised him to publish them. I trust 



that, to humble beginners like myself, I have done good 



service by this advice, and I cannot but think that ere 



long many will be induced to attempt the cultivation of 



this beautiful tribe of plants, who, for want of plain 



instructions, have hitherto been deterred from making a 



beginning. A very small house is sufficient, hot-water 



pipes or tanks are now cheaj), and a small boiler may 



be had for 21. 10s., or less ; and glass (thanks to Sir 



Robert Peel), is also within the means of the humblest 



gardener, and those who refer to Mr. Rivers' account 



in your Paper of how to make cheap lights, and build 



cheap houses, will find that for 40?., or less, a very 



sufficient Orchid-house, with hot-water apparatus, may 

 be put up. 



Knowing the pleasure derived by many in the humblest 

 classes from the cultivation of flowers, and how much 

 talent, patience, and ingenuity are often displayed by 

 such amateurs, I feel gratified by the hope that I may 

 possibly be the means of increasing the harmless amuse- 

 ment of many. It is not likely that Mr. Williams' 

 instructions will interest or inform those cultivators — 

 Mr. Mylara, Mr. Blake, Mr. Bassett, Messrs. Veitch, 

 Rollisson, &c, or others at the head of the great collec- 

 tions of this country ; it is merely for the benefit of 

 the beginner that they are intended. As regards the 

 fitness of Mr. Williams to instruct, the best proof I can 

 offer of this is, that for some years he has exhibited, both 

 at Chiswick, and in the Regent's Park, and a reference 

 to the prize lists will show that he was always successful ; 

 and during the past year obtained 23 gold and 12 silver 

 medals for Orchids, and 14 other silver ones for Ferns. 

 Mr. Warner's collection not being so large as these of 

 many others, it was only the last two years that Mr. 

 Williams competed in the highest class of 20 plants. 



Leguminosse, Mimosas, Cytisus in pots M iT 

 sorts, Olea fragrans, the large Clethra ' rUff* - - 

 of Laurel ; and lastly, but most coSiJnf^ 1 ** 

 hundred-leaved and four-season Rosef *S ** * 

 and other flowering plants. ' "J^i^ 



The working classes, who cannot commas 

 KE* ^P^-e, prefer such plant^Vri^ 



Maranta, Hoya 



—-«-«. ^ lcpias curaasarW 



, is, Jasmines, Plumbago can^*; r 



Gardenia, Echium, and occasionally too **£* Ix *> 

 Laurel, Cytisus, and Olea fragrans. 



ine poor, wno are compelled to Eve continuing 



wTi'a gr ° W Pel * r g° munis > K°ses, Verbenas f£JT 

 Wallflowers ; and, m spring, Lilies of the ValW* 



m Flower Trade in St. Petersburg*^ fair ^ 

 is held as soon as the frosts are over and whi h kit 

 whole month, viz., from the 25th of May to the *5* 

 June, is almost exclusively a flower fair • it is',7*-! 

 fair that the nobility and country gentlemen maie tfab 

 purchases for decorating their country houses to whS 

 they are about to retreat. The flowers are sutrcS 

 almost entirely from Germany. We remarked fc 

 hundred -leaved and four-seasons Rose, planted it 

 sort of hamper ; Cherry, Apple, Plum, Service * 

 Sweet Chestnut trees, a few Pear trees, all shrubs, ad 

 selling for double what they do in Paris; the LilienoC 

 Valley, especially, seemed to bear a most exorM* 

 price. We saw, too, Peonies, and all sorts of perenna 

 and shrub-like plants. 



Flower are sold, too, by travellers, who go from hou» 

 to house, carrying upon their heads boards upon whick 

 the flowers in pots are closely packed. But the* 

 pedlars ofter their purchasers neither variety nor beady, 

 a few Wallflowers, Pelargoniums, Fuchsias, Lilies, 

 Echium, Gesneras, Roses, Mignonette, Cinemi* 

 Verbenas, Phlox, and Justicia, form the whole of their 

 collection. 



Although there are many more florists in St. Peten- 

 burgh than in Paris, the collections of the former ire 

 much more meagre than those of the latter. Their 

 trade in bouquets and flowers in pots is prodigious fir 

 surpassing what we had imagined. Ma&soris Report. 



FOREIGN GARDEN GLEANINGS. 



(ST. TETHlSBrRGH.) 



Florists.— Among the different florists of St. Peters- 

 burgh, M. Alwarch, a German, stands first. He cul- 

 tivates nothing but those plants which are universally 

 sought after in Russia, viz., good evergreen shrubs and 

 bushes. These plants, which are brought into Russia in 



BRITISH SONG BIRDS. 



(Cage Bikds, No. 14.) 



No. XXX. — I crave the indulgence of my 

 this week, for an hiatus in the history of the nightingale. 

 It is, however, an Mattes which will be found mm toW 

 dejkndus; for while it gives time to the newly-csogbt 

 birds to ruminate on their sudden and cruel change 

 from liberty to incarceration, it also affords an oppor- 

 tunity for an additional chapter on " the Canary/' which 



not to be deferred an instant, seeing that the 



TO" Chacon wifli +1ioga infoivictincr Wttle CreatUTtS 



ought 



has now fully commenced. 

 nntQ nrA e ., - -| A . . A « - — It will be borne in mind, that I have already spot* 



ffe ^ Ld thl i gG qUantlt,e f *° * e ™ bi %> who, in at length of nightingales' cages ; and also of < - 

 winter, and the commenppmAn t nf th* flr,<* ^c — — °^ , r »n b P. .i ° • _• i 



a 



on 



(May 



Macquarie Harbour. 



The 



s« tr '^'„ are*™ 



was 



eather, when .the ^nd ^f^ The 



common tera- 

 Harboui 



south, and 52° whm rt^A^ ^f ua ,^ 



the north. v£TJ%* £* *J*W *»n 



occurrence Rain was said to have^ " 

 days out of seven, during m«,„ tiT 



from the formation To the ,£2^ U V ew ' 

 (P. 55.) settlement in 1822." 



rare 



inter, and the commencement of the fine season, use 

 them for the internal decoration of their houses. We 

 may mention more especially Gardenia florida ; Ixora coc- 

 cineaand others; Lantana; Musa; ^Eschynanthus ; Ascle- 

 pias curassavica and Hoya carnosa ; Echium ; Gesnera ; 

 all of winch are cheaper in St. Petersburgh than in Paris. 

 Such is not the case with the hundred-leaved, crested 

 four-seasons and Belladonna Roses, which, when in 

 flower, fetch 2 S . Gd. and 5s. The Myrtle-leaved and 

 Chmese Orange trees are also very dear, as are also 

 Pelargomums and Fuchsias. Franciscea odorata and 



coEf^rr f ? V ° Uri , teS I Beg0nias and Gloxini *s 

 and N„r S 7 ^ gam T *^ d ° ia France - Camellias 

 or ice? T t tl*"^ A ™ 1 ? 3 fetch most extravagant 

 dodendron T S entlema ». has a ^ge collection of Rho- 

 dodendron ponticum maximum, and other species • 



frl W Cht or C in , f 7 ° Ut - d0 ° ; Aza,eaS ' **23S; 



Mmles iw * ° m T tr ° pical America ' As f <* 



myrtles Pomegranates, Laurels, " 



Besides evergreen shrubs, M. Alwarch cultivate* 

 SS' r. ?• S r ller 8ca,e ' outdoor shrubfTe 



Jasm 



in the 



e think, that 



Th«« extracts abundantly prove w 

 some of the vegetation of Van Diem! ^ t 

 to find itself at home even in ouTmM, 8 ^ ° Ught 

 An, when we see that the E^yTS$£^™' 

 hark trees, grow 10 feet in thickneS I?' T'^ 

 are touched by frost at MM.n» ere Pot atoes 



U,nk that a/attempt t i ^L W V a,,not ^ 



Plants into shrubberies «d %^^J» 



>*iderable extent lifcpitf^ A ... ould be > 



principally noticed some bushy plants, 

 resisting the severe frost of the ' 



Corn 



capable of 

 country, such as 



Sa m Ts ,a ' a,ba l and t s -g-»ea > EldS ;Tp r»a 



proper food. These being the principal requisites to be 

 immediately known, what has to follow will be in ampfc 

 time for my readers' further consideration. The rw*t 

 will be given in a little week. 



It appears that our familiar and popular treatises « 

 the Canary-finch have excited no little attention, bot&W 

 and near,— causing those who have never yet kept these 

 birds to commence doing so ; and those who have alreaaj 

 kept them, to increase their stock, and study still ,uru« 

 the peculiarities of the race. This is well ; it is umw 

 a result which I have laboured kindly to see effected. ^ 



Among other places where our fame has exten e , 



that sweet, lovely, picturesque spot- Welling, m £ ■> 



situate some dozen miles from our Modern -J^' 



lives, in delightful seclusion, Henry * 0l £ l £ 

 Esq.— a most remarkable gentleman amateur ^^ 

 matter of canaries, rearing them in a manner ^ 

 when explained, will be indeed thought wortny *> 



called " remarkable." . , -m^i 



A friend of Mr. Wollaston, residing also in tm £» 



of Welling, and a subscriber to the Gardener* vw* 



- gentleman if ^ 



the pap*** 



Here 



recently asked the last-named — t • 



perused that Paper ? and at the same time, d» d 



swered in the negative, directed his attention to > - 



99 These, it seea^ 



contained therein on the " canary.' lUKaG \^ % morf 

 played upon the fancy of Mr. Wollaston, tn« ^^ 



kind and special " invite ,J was the i ffimedl 7 nrthy of 



<^ a visit iro» 



quence. 



asked 



trees 1weet?h!' I ^^P^ Snowberries, Service- 

 ES \ tZl f DUtS ' Pte,ea8 ' P °P Iars ' especially the 

 beanSt^? *? SUav /° ,eDS ' <*W», with which 



reTfrutd J tm A hedgeS «* made ' the charmi ° 

 ncularTv 1 ta ^ aricui « I Buckthorns, and par- 



tJ rS iAi7 { ^"livl^s^he ^- 68 detail ^ ^° Urn ^ aDd ^^ h °- W i-^v»,^ 



Or 



the giver of it ; for the ~" pleasure " askea - ^ » — ^ 

 me » ought to have been rendered vice ^^; dill2 ly 

 left Welling, surprised, amazed, and 



were 



dc- 



lighted. It would occupy too much *f* ee >™ w \ ie\j 



a°^:\ • __j !«.. i^^tir nn one trm; 



f«*. cT.. • ° . l — *r-"-«> wiiii its nana 



tar surpassing m colour that of Cr. alba. 



] r i^y oi us growth and other excellent qualities 



rail conveying me swiftly and pleasingly >***: ^ 

 murky, filthy city, and depositing me » Iel > ^^ce^ 

 place of destination. Nor need I do more uu ^^ 



the hannv renone and universal rejoicing oi » 











