3-JH 



THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE 



they will be tumid to do, though bat slowly, they are 



to be removed and replaced by others (no claims,) 

 Mechanics? Magazine. 



Orant's Improvement in Heating and Regulating Tem- 

 perature : Patented Oct 24, 1850.— These improvements 

 re 



if not very far advanced, they may be removed with balls 

 to the back row. If this is carefully done, the plants will 

 not receive the least injury, but will rather be improved ; 

 for we always find them to progress much faster, after 



rrazure: nmKm uci. 24, ioou.-iii^ im^v — - . being moved with balls into a fresh bed of soil. The 



*late to the construction of furnaces and apparatus for soil should consist of about one-third of the best peat that 

 heating water or fluids, and have for their object the can be obtained, and two-thirds of rich turfy loam, with 

 ' ' !<niiating the application of heat and tempera- an admixture of sand, according to the requirements of 



* 1 the other materials. The plants of the back row should 

 be planted, before the soil is put in for the second one ; 

 and the remaining rows proceeded with in the same 

 order, to prevent all unnecessary compression of the 

 soil. If the new soil is moderately moist, it will be better 



the fuel 



ture of the fluid, as well as economising 

 employed. For this purpose, the furnace and its flues 

 are placed within the boiller, so that they, the furnace 

 and flues, may be surrounded by, or immersed in, the 

 fluid to be heated. A larger portion of heating surface 

 is thus obtained. In order to insure a continuous 

 supply of fuel to the furnace, a cylinder or tube is placed 

 immediately above the grate of the furnace, and in this 

 cylinder is kept such a store of coal or other fuel 

 employed as will keep the furnace constantly and regu- 

 larly supplied with the requisite quantity of fuel. The 

 furnace grate is made of a conical form, the point of 

 which projects upwards, so that the fuel may gradually 

 descend or be forced towards the periphery of the grate 

 to supply the place of that which has been destroyed by 

 the combustion. Immediately above the periphery of 

 the grate is a circular flue surrounding the receptacle 

 for fuel, and extending up into the boiler as far as 

 convenient, but leaving a space between the flue and the 

 receptacle for fuel, into which a portion of the water or 

 fluid to be heated may be admitted by tubes passing 

 through the flues. At or near the top of the circular 

 flue are inserted tubes or pipes, by means of which the 

 gaseous products arising from the combustion in the 

 furnace may be carried j^into the chimney; and the 

 greater distance those tubes pass through the fluid to be 

 heated, the more effectually will the caloric evolved by 

 the combustion be absorbed, and the waste of it thus 

 prevented. The ash-pit under the grate of the furnace 

 is closed, but furnished with a door or doors, by the 

 opening or shutting of which, more or less, the supply 

 of air to the furnace may be regulated at pleasure. The 

 regulation of the supply of air to the furnace will not 

 only govern the amount of fuel consumed, but also regu- 

 late the temperatre employed in heating the fluid, the 

 reservoir of fuel at all times containing such a store as 

 may be needful for keeping up the combustion. When 

 the furnace is in operation, and the process of heating 

 a fluid in the surrounding boiler or vessel is going on 

 the heat of the circular flue will raise the temperature' 

 and therefore diminish the specific gravity of the small 

 portion of fluid in the space between the flue and the 

 fuel reservoir so quickly that there will be a constant 



the plant requires it. 



I almost 

 flavour 



IN 



State of the We&ther near London, for th* — u 



as observed at the Hig ^^^eggy ^ ft ^ 



May. 



to withhold water from the roots for a few days, to allow 

 the plants to commence rooting ; and until they are 

 fairly re-established, a moister atmosphere must be kept 

 up, and the pits shaded rather more than usual. Vine- 

 ries. — A liberal supply of air in these houses is the best 

 preventive against scorching. In finally regulating the 

 Grapes of the latest crops, which are intended to hang 

 through the winter, rather more should be cut away than 

 from those intended for earlier use, that the bunch, when 

 ripe, may hang looser. This will detract a little from 

 their appearance, but the free circulation of air amongst 

 the berries will do much to preserve them from the effects 

 of damp weather. 



FLOWER GARDEN AND SHRUBBERIES. 



Attention should now be paid to the reserve stock, 

 intended to supply the gaps which will occur, and espe- 

 cially in some of the beds which are filled at first with 

 transient annuals, and which in the course of the season 

 will require entirely renewing. To meet these demands, 

 we prepare a bed of coal ashes rolled solid, and lay upon 

 it two or three inches of soil composed of chopped 

 turves, leaves, and coarse sand ; in this we prick out 

 young plants, of such kinds as are likely to be required, 

 at distances of from 4 to 6 inches asunder. In the pre- 

 paration of plants for flower garden masses, we have 

 tried various methods of economising labour and 

 materials, and, for several years, have adopted this as 

 the best. By it the plants become established much 

 sooner, and the cost of many thousands of small pots is 

 annually saved. As the planting out will now be nearly 

 finished, let all the beds be gone over, picking out weeds, 

 P e oo m o down, or tying up such as would blow about 

 with the wind, and giving them every possible assistance, 

 to enable them speedily to fill the beds. Herbaceous 

 plants of all kinds are now growing rapidly, and many 

 of them, unless immediately supplied with stakes, will 

 have grown out of all shape, or the wind will blow 



- fl - - — ~~ — J them about and break them. Make everything in this 



current ot fluid up through that space ; and in this way department clean and tidy ; and keep the turf and walks 

 the greater, if not ewrv. ™\r*t\rx n ^f +k« n..;,i «lni i__ :« *i A __i. _-j__ « __ _ i. _.__•• 1-1, 



Friday.. 1G 

 Satur. .. 17 



Sunday . IS 



Monday 19 



Tiies. 



Wed. 



4) 

 St 



< 







O 



o 

 S 



13 



16 



17 



Barometer, 



Max. Min 



I 



T»atPi» AT 



&»*, 



Of the Air. 



• • 



* • 



£0 19 



2 1 20 



Thurs... 12 



Average 



• » 



21 



30.099 

 29.962 

 29.88 1 

 30.071 

 30.248 

 30.216 

 30.269 



30. 1 03 



30.041 

 29.945 



29.849 

 29.334 

 30.014 

 30.206 

 30.221 



30.015 



M*x. j Min. Mean * **>t 2 fcj 



May 1 6 -Clear; verj ^ fine[de^l7c^ded^7 



— 1/— Overcs st; densely clouded. 



— 18— Overcast; cloudy* rain in »^, - . t 



- 19-Cjou,ly; fine; ciVarT'rain £ nfJuT* 1 cle «- 



- 20-Clear and cold ; fine ; cloudy * 



- 21— Overcast throughout. 

 22-Oyercast ; cloudy and warm ; very fin. 

 Mean temperature oi the w*ek, eJualTo !& 



I 



**«&*e. 



State of the Weather at Chiawick during the last 25 «... , 

 cnming week, ending May 31, j #0* yetn » '<**• 



May. 



Sunday 25 

 Mon. 26 



Tues. 27 

 Wed. 28 

 Thurs. 29 



Friday 3o 

 Satur. 31 



fee" - 



65.9 

 66.6 

 68.6 

 6S.0 

 66.6 

 68.4 

 70.5 





45.5 

 43.2 

 45.4 



41.7 



4o.7 

 45.8 



46.2 



- 9 



4) 



H 



* a 



No. of 

 Years in 

 which it 



Rained. 



Greatest 

 Quantity 

 of Bab. 



Previilii| 



.** 



The highest temperature during the above wriT^Z^r-i — 

 1847-therm. 91 deg.; and the lou-^t cm the ^hlSlg^^g 



Notices to Correspondents. 



Back Numbers. 1*. each will be given for Nos. 48 and 4^ itu 

 Canaries Breeding in the Open Air : D. We are not 2 

 surprised at the importance you attach to ourlaitltll! 

 article ou this subject. It has excited, as we eiDraLIi 

 belief it would do, universal attention. The nM 



the greater, if not every, portion of the fluid will be 

 made to come in contact with the heating surface by 

 which it m to be heated. Architect. 



Death of Dr. Kunze.—The continental papers report 

 the death of Dr. Kunze, Professor of Botany at Leipsic. 

 Athencemn. r 



Orange, 

 now be 



Calendar of Operations. 



(For the ensuing week.) 



PLANT DEPARTMENT. 



That interesting little tree, the Mandarin 

 which flowers so freely during winter, may 

 propagated by putting cuttings into a brisk to7and 

 bottom heat, under a close handglass. As soon as they 

 are fairly struck, pot them off singly in rich light soil, 

 and replace them in the glass for a few weeks, when 

 they may be gradually inured to the light and air. 

 Pinch out the points of the leading shoots frequently, to 

 keep them dwarf. OrchiSs now require the most 

 liberal treatment to induce them to fully develope their 

 interesting characters. A good and healthy growth 

 will be ensured by a warm humid atmosphere, with 

 fresh air so admitted as to avoid draughts, and by 



shading with thin ««iv« b *i««:»- 4 l. i_ • , , & . ' . ./ 



rr 



o 



purpose; we have often 



fine 



rose ior tne 

 seen such work done with 

 a coarse syringe, and the water driven through it with 

 all the force possible ; but such a practice is very 

 injurious to the plants. Some of the stove plants, which 

 commenced their growth earliest in the^eason wi 

 soon be about completing it ; and that it mayTe „ro- 

 perly matured, they will require to be exposed* to 

 stronger hght, and a freer admission of abfhan hS 

 been afforded them during their season It „l ♦£ 

 The^hints, at this time, will panicuUr^pply £*£ 

 rater-flowering plants which produce their bloscorns 

 upon the young shoots of the previous year W ™ 

 Among these we may mention the delightfully Want' 



sTo^ n ct nt f b °° min5 FranCi8Cea3 ' and the "-ra 

 J m,Et JaMnin 1 u ™. especially the one known as 



.ho™ m ° r , J - hi ««t«ni, than which a more 



charm ng winter plant does not exist, if it be Cwn 

 very strong during : th< .summer, and we'll ripened.^ 



w , p. ARCING DEPARTMENT. * 



Where Pines are grown on the planting out system 



TJe tune for this operation must be left to the judgment 

 and convenience of the cultivttrm • k»* , 1 ^ j"u iueni 

 be taken of a time when a TA^T^ *£* 

 plants in any pit have perfect 3rut t **" 

 very favourable season for the nuroose Thi 

 plants (which have been put IZT^nZ^Z 

 vacanc es occurred), after being well watered shoS' h 

 carefully lifted with balls, and'set in a cKhtl "while 

 the sod » being changed. But if any remain of So e 

 which have already shown fruit, they may be left stand 



mg, with. a small mound of earth about their roots* or " 



in the neatest order. Spare hand lights and frames may 

 be placed in shady situations, and made use of for pro- 

 pagating double Wallflowers, double Rockets, choice 

 Dianthuses, Phloxes, Iberis sempervirens, and many 

 other select herbaceous and half-shrubby plants. 



KITCHEN GARDEN. 



Let all possible encouragement be given to growing 

 crops of every kind, by supplying them freely with liquid 

 manure. Asparagus, especially after being severely cut, 

 should have every assistance to enable it to recover. 

 Handlights should now be placed^ about a yard and a half 

 asunder, upon the trenches which are prepared for ridge 

 Cucumbers and Vegetable Marrows, and the plants 

 carefully turned out the first dull day. It will be ne- 

 cessary that their watering be regularly attended to, and 

 every fine evening they should be sprinkled over the 

 foliage with a rose pot, till they are so far hardened as to 

 admit of the covering being removed. A few Vegetable 

 Marrows or ornamental Gourds may, with the strictest 

 propriety, be planted against any spaces on the fruit 

 walls which are unoccupied. The stations should be 

 prepared for them by making large holes, and placin^ 

 therein a couple of barrowsful of decomposed animal or 

 vegetable manure, merely covering this with sufficient 

 of the original soil to receive the plant. 



HARDY FRUIT GARDEN. 



The summer pruning and thinning of all fruit-bearing 

 plants is a vast improvement upon the common practice 

 of allowing them to grow wild until winter. The supe- 

 riority of the fruit, when this practice is adopted, is very 

 striking, and an additional advantage consists in the 

 work being done in half the time that it would require 

 in winter. Tie in or nail the leading shoots of Pear 

 trees as they require it, but do not, even for the sake 

 ot neatness, stop all the shoots, lest by so doing the 

 natural fruit-spurs for next season are forced into wood- 

 spurs ; the former are readily known by their short 

 thick stunted appearance, and instead of producing a 

 shoot, only produce a bunch of from four to seven 

 leaves Young trees which are being trained into 

 pyramids or other shapes, should be examined once a 

 fortnight and the shoots which are not wanted should 

 be pinched in with the thumb and finger, by which the 

 growth of others will be encouraged. This process 

 should commence with the upper shoots, that the san 

 may be directed into the lower branches and after an 

 adequate quantity of shoots of sufficient strength is 

 geared to form the lower part of the tree, the leading 



, ~ . _ u furnisl 



top. 





questions however, connected therewith, which you oowi? 

 would involve in the necessary reply an amount of iqh*m 

 least double that which has been already occupied SriZ 

 it to say, these questions have been anticipated and praS 

 for ; but, for the present, the further consideration ofZ 

 subject must stand over. We have still stronger and man 

 immediate claims urged on us by the migratory "warblen,* 

 whose sojourn amount us will, alas, be but too thort' 

 Meantime we promise that the winter habit* of tne emmet 

 pated canaries shall not be lost sight of, at tiie proper 

 season. TF. K. ^^ 



Emigrants : A E. You must plant your Vines in a Ward'i 

 case : there is no certainty about conveying them otherwiit: 

 and little probability of success. Why raise Deodars from 

 cuttings, when seeds are so plentiful ? It may be done, but U 

 not worth doing, as the plants never thrive. 



Fumigators : JVC. You should not send notices to a newspaper 

 if you do not wish them to be made public. Wethoqfct 

 your plan suggestive enough to deserve publicity ; and uut 

 is all we can say about it. 



Lilies : W G. Your plants do not flower because they are too 

 weak. Give them manure water from time to time till thi 

 month of August, after which let them alone. Lilies of the 

 Valley like a little shade. 



Melons and Cucumbers : J Fits. If these are planted toother 

 in the same box, they will fertilise each other, and becom 

 hybridised. 



Names of Plants : Seleucus. We do not see how it differs fr« 

 Viola canina.— W M D. We believe it to be D. transparai; 



anglica, or Petty Whin.— s A B. We do not know ; probafy 

 some plant allied to Rigidella, and worth growing. TrMl 

 them like Cape bulbs.— W Fass. The plant called Scuticin* 

 Hadwenii bears the same relation to Scuticaria as a torkg 

 to acock. It is a species of Bifrenaria which we hid w* 

 previously seen.— J W. Fuchsia arborescens, an o'dishplant, 

 which we have not seen for many years. Will Mr. "•?| w 

 us a cutting or two of it ?— D M. We do not see why Mijjf 

 Madden's Dendrobe should not be D. nmbriatum.-p* 

 We are quite unacquainted with it. It is not D. Griffitbiaaua. 

 We should be happy to have it figured for "Paxtonjrlo*f 

 Garden." We have no idea what Hippeastrum you descnot 

 — Sub. Vaccinium amoeuum, white Rhododendron ferro£ 

 neum.— Mary Anne. We never name florist flowera.*-A«w 



Nig 



ariia 



from your having in some way offended or alighted tm. 

 These birds are by nature quite as jealous «» * h ?* en ?LS 

 but, fortunately, rather more easily reconciled when ottenow. 



Pay him, therefore, j^ncer^ 



for 



Nfr 



;ue ceuijo, *"*• 



e escaped ; and ■- rt 

 Will you watch and repon 



is a 

 younger 



f„, *h St °PP ln S for , ™x> d >s very different from stopping 



™frSL PJ J ri T k !- rming fruit bud3 ' for the S*J 



f^K. be t,me enough to shorten the shoots 



a month hence. Gooseberries and Currants should 

 nave their young wood thinned out by immediately 

 stopping at least half the number of shoots to four joints 

 to allow the ai r to circulate more freely in the centre of 

 the bushes ; and the remainder of the shoots should be 

 stopped during the summer, according a* ti,» *h n ^ ~ 





quest worthy of achievement. W. K. „ nK iiitf 



Peae Leaves : Woolicm. The appearances are Wf*™*' 

 If you look at the under side of the leaves, you mil « 

 each pustule has a small hole in the centre; but tne 

 are too young for anything to ha— — <* ' flnd we 

 find anything inside the pustules. 



v2Zm?J*EM. Where the name <?° hmr *W e **J? G S 

 Catalogues, it is understood to apply to the original iw 



Pe^rgonicms : F O. That is our deliberate ojnoto J 

 have long thought so, as you must have remarkea, j ^ 

 a reader of this Paper. The Pelargonium menii, ^ 

 preposterous prices charged for distinctions witno flf 

 ences, can only be compared to the old Of; 1 ^^ 1 ^ 

 exchanged for rationality, and to «™^ ™ ieto-Jn** 

 rapidly work their own cure. As far as we are aw ^ ^ 



some of the growers have struck a ne V«*iirtin co* 

 obtain distinctly new races, Pelargoniums may s ^ 



into vogue. In the meanwhile, the i **™***\ *£ Jd tt 

 so-called novelties, which are just like the old » orc ^^ 

 their attention upon the •' fancies" in w ^ fl jj. 1*7 d 

 really novel is evident. For ourselves, we ca» 

 the former, tadet quotidianarum harumforrnaruuu ^ 



Vines : Amateur, fepot arises from Grapes re rottf 



watery sap than they can reduce by eva P°; d ia the day - 

 house wants to be warmer, and better wwWmjJ ^^ 4, 

 or else your border requires to be drier. ^ te caa se *• 

 immediate cause is what we state ; ot tne r n$ #0t* 



have no means of judging. You wiUflnfl» lg|gf p . tf7. 

 of Cameline, or Gold of Pleasure, m our ™-™ hardy. JJ 



Misc :CAT. Ceanothus aznreus lVserva\ire wail, **«* 

 tiowers beautifully in the south on a etw^ yriKftfl* * 

 it has a little protection in winter. I*"J vu* 



perfect!, hard y . t p ^. „, ^ 



Pansje.: IIP. Your fl.wer hu ^P r ^ t tS»« » *<** 

 we .aw it last. The onjjjtali .at ffiggS.. 

















' 





eye running into the margin of the 



