

^m 



3 46 



THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE 



gttandiflg to the cups and coulters. The cup barrel is 

 turned by spindl and pinions connecting it with the 

 wheels in front. The coulters, eight in number for corn, 

 \re scimitar-shaped or made with cutters curving up in 

 ront like the toes of our ancestors' boots ; and are 

 forced into the ground by an equal pressure upon each, 



pose. This machine will deposit a lew kernels at a time, weights 



at detached and equal spaces, with greater precision 

 than by hand dibbling ; it can be adapted to all kinds o:' 

 grain or seed, by changing the cups ; will deposit any 

 quantity of seed per acre ; and can be regulated to drop 

 the seed at intervals, so as to range in parallel lines, 



pressure 



ed 



given by a system of coupling Jevers from the centre of either directly or diagonally across the land or stetch, 

 the machine. A similar drill, but with smaller coulters, as well as lengthwise, in the direction of its draught. 



• l *• _ •__ fki 2—— tr ^ *i>i*K TY»onni»Q • till* A -ms\r%r** *!%*-* *\f\*Tr\\ n *i A ^nf foiY*Anci YVbo/^lvin^io r\T +I1P 



is shown, for sowmg Turnips, &c, with manure ; the 

 manure coulters being followed by horse-shoe irons for 

 covering the manure before the seed falls. These may 

 be useful little machines, but they have few advantages 

 beyond the Irame for easy guidance. 



VV. Busby exhibits a drill, which we should imagine 

 would be useful on light peaty soil, when it is not 

 desirable to have it broken up after it has been trodden 

 solid by sheep. The levers carry scarifier tines, 

 resembling small double mould-board ploughs without 

 shares. The seed d« ops into the furrow opened by these 

 tines. Each has an independent vertical motion ; and 

 the whole can be lifted at once by chains hung upon a 

 long bar raised by a lever. There is a steerage wheel 

 in front, turned by a lever crossing over the top of the 

 machine. 



A small drill (maker not named), distributes the seed 



without cups ; sliders along the bottom of the box, being 



shaken to and fro by zigzag wheels on the carriage wheels. 



The&lider in that part of the box intended for seed vibrates 



a number of horizontal segments under lixed brushes ; 



these plates having each a circular hole which, by 



alternately coinciding with another hole below, and with 



the plate through which it is perforated, emits the seed 



intermittently, as in a drop drill. In the manure box, 



the slider is toothed like a rack, and rubs over a slit 



reaching from end to end, thus regulating the flow 



according to the progressive speed of the machine. 



The ditterence observable in the sowing machines is 

 very remarkable — some being of colossal dimensions, 

 and covered over with a complication of chains, levers, 

 and gear-work ; while others are pretty toy-like pieces 

 of mechamsm, suited for operation in the paddock and 

 shelter in the attic. 



There is one of the smaller kind which, from its sin- 

 gular appearance, we must try to describe. It is exhi- 

 bited by J. Gilbert, of W ardour-street, Soho, London ; 

 and seems to be all vitals without external covering, 

 having no long box to hold its machinery, as in most 

 drills. A light square frame of wood, about 7 feet long 

 by 44 feet wide, is supported about 2 feet from the 

 ground. It is drawn by shafts ; and in front is a wheel 

 like that of a Bath chair, which can move any way. 

 The back part has another frame about a foot below it; 

 and an axle carrying an iron roller about a foot in 

 diameter, and in five parts. Across the top of the 

 frame, and about the middle of it, is an iron axle with 

 eight cup- wheels and a band- wheel, about 2 A feet in 

 diameter, turned by a strap from the roller. To each 

 cup-wheel there is a small box or hopper, having inside 

 a motionless brush, and a stop slider, with spiral spring 

 to keep it open. These sliders can be pressed simu£ 

 taneously by a rod and lever, to stop the feed: The 

 seed runs from the cup-wheels down spouts to the coul- 

 ter*, winch are wedge shaped or double winged, and 

 fixed upon a bar or axle immediately above them ; this 

 bar is divided into two, and by turning either of these 

 by a lever, four coulters are lifted together out of the 

 ground. Behind the cup-wheels, and lower down, is a 

 broadcast trough, with brush-wheels, &c, turned by 

 pulleys from the axle. This, we suppose, is for sowing 

 Clover, or small seeds ; the grain sown by this machine 

 must be a very diminutive quantity, indeed. Those 

 who approve of thin seeding, and do not care to have 

 the power of drilling from a peck or two to several 

 bushels an acre, as may suit circumstances, may be 

 inclined to purchase. 



J. J. Rowley of Cuckson, Worksop, exhibits an 

 "improved machine for dropping peat, bone-dust, 

 Turnip Rape, or Mangold Wurzel seed, &e, patent." 

 Ihis drill deposits the seed or manure at interval- •- 

 an endless vertical strap, with flaps of leather proji 

 upon it, descending in a spout, open on one side— the 

 flaps, a few inches apart, acting as valves to receive 

 vie seea, ^ c ., tailing from the cups, conduct it down- 



culated to perform all that is required o<\ Z^L^L 

 this purpose. The frame 



,_-■■ — — 1 ■■ tab »■* 



~_ * n hcu of coulters, seven 



indTrr 8501 " 8 r, attached to the i«v«*;S 



and tall by a parallel motion ; but the seams may 

 tolbbl °sT b ehl r h ltr S C ° U,tei - S 0f *™^E 



Among* the novel and yet famous machines of the 

 day stands the Liquid-manure Drop-drill, invented 

 and patented by F. Chandler, of Aldbourne, Hun- 

 gerford, Berks, and manufactured by F. R. and J. 

 Reeves, of Bratton, near West bury, Wiltshire. Scoops, 

 like those of a dredging-machine, take the liquid from a 

 metal tank or cistern on wheels, and throw it down 

 large drill pipes or spouts. The Turnip seed is let run 

 into the same spouts — a slider, worked to and fro by a 

 zig-zag groove on a drum or wheel, shutting and opening 

 the seed spouts just above the point where they enter 

 into the larger ones, so as to cause the intermitting or 

 dropping action. Plain water, or liquid manure, or dis- 

 solved manure, such as superphosphate of lime, &c, 

 may be sown by this machine ; and the certainty of a 

 Turnip crop in a season of drought hereby insured. 

 While noticing this machine we may just refer to another 

 of the tame inventor — viz., a liquid-manure distributor. 

 In this contrivance, instead of having spouts with a 

 chain of buckets or scoops to each, a number of long 

 zinc troughs, extending the width of the cistern, are 

 carried upon endless chains within it, and fling the water, 

 &c, over the back of the box, a ledge being there placed 

 from which the liquid falls in a stream. 



In the manufacture of drills for general purposes, 

 Garrett and Sons, of Leiston Works, Saxmundham, 

 Suffolk, and Hornsby and Son, of Spittlegate Iron 

 Works, Grantham, Lincolnshire, undoubtedly stand 

 unrivalled by any other makers, whilst rivalling each 

 other. We dare not presume to draw comparisons 

 between the machines of these firms, except in par- 

 ticulars that are easily discernible. Both have drills 

 with a fore-carriage steerage; a triangular frame 

 reaching from the frame-work of the drill on large 

 wheels to a fore-carriage which has an axle as wide as 

 that of the drill, only with smaller wheels; and the 

 draught is taken from the upright spindle in the 



This used to be 

 by handles connected with it ; but so much 

 was required to hold it, that when the 

 passed over a large clod or stone, a strong man 

 could not possibly prevent its swerving. Garrett's 

 contrivance for overcoming this difficulty is a semi- 

 circle fixed upon the fore-carriage with its centre 

 coinciding with the pivot on which the carriage turns. 

 This iron arc is tightly pressed, by means of screws, 

 against two small friction rollers within it, and situated 

 on the triangular frame of the drill. The carriage is 

 thus held steady by the friction, but yet not so stiffly 

 but that it can be easily moved »by hand. Hornsby 's 

 device is a "patent rack and pinion ;" by which a 

 man or a boy holding a crank handle attached to the 

 pinion obtains a far greater leverage power, and can 

 with ease keep the steerage wheels in the track or 

 mark left by the drill wheels durino- the 

 course. 



upon the forward iiteT^u ^ U S% 

 than on those behind ; the wS^ U *5 

 properly proportioned, and so ma^^f^S ** 

 cannot possibly put the light or h ea vL * **5 

 wrong levers by mistake. This Si? f °**£ 

 2 to 14 pecks of grain, or fa^ * «*- * 

 acre. A " manure and Turnip drill » has an 



entire success. 





wrong levers by mistake. 



contrivance tor making the manure" run"?^ ***** 

 have been tned for this purpose, and hitfe 



Garrett invented a revcivi,, i """ 

 pms on it, and made this rise and Jail so L \ 



down the manure into thedeliverv ho* u , 

 revolving stirrer slide to and fro iZj* 



no atom ot the manure unmoved * but lor H 

 potterer would every now and then obatinaJu 

 clear of the clotted powder, which ,o\^TL' 

 a mass above it, until broken and pushed doff 

 stick, or drill spud. But in this drill, when tljlll 

 works clear, a simple pulling of a handle 2S 

 manure running again ; an iron bar passing ro2 t 

 end and iront ot the manure compartment, Sl[ 

 little higher than the revolving stirrer, bein, £? 

 and let fall again, so as to cut off the manured 

 lodging against the sides of the box. The TurniaS 

 Mangold Wurzel cup-wheels are not enclosed in iZ 

 box, but are placed upon an axle behind the mJmt 

 box, each having a small seed hopper attached^ 

 both cup- wheels and hoppers slide along the axk m 

 different places, according to the number and situ** 

 of the coulters. 



Hornsby and 



in 



Son have made 



middle of this fore-carriage. 



guided 

 labour 

 wheels 







preceding 



© 



wheels, as in a common drill. 



ve 



preasers 



r i f w , . — ^±A^a kji uams on an axie 



front of the machine turned by wheel- work on one" of 

 the carriage-wheels, push or knock seven rods bacS^ri 

 and iorward ; these by small cranks at ^JS^S 

 working the valves m the depositors with a^taSS 

 motion. These appear to receive th* *Ha V l 6 

 of the stroke, and^mit it at the o^ I^L^t £ 

 K — -* ~ "• depositor opening ior ' * % ** 



Garrett's drill for general purposes, is a remark- 

 ably neat machine ; the simply loosening two screws 

 and lifting off of the hinder and upper portion o! 

 the box converting the drill for all sorts of seeds and 

 manure into one for only corn and manure. The seed 

 coulters are attached to small levers suspended to the 

 larger levers carrying the manure coulters ; by which 

 arrangement each one has an independent vertical 

 action. Two sliders admit the manure to the distri- 

 buting roller, raised or shut down by short levers 

 having brass indexes or gauges to note the extent opened. 

 The bottom also of the manure box beneath the roller, 

 and over the edge of which the manure falls, is slided 

 backward or forward by levers, so as to regulate the 

 quantity sown. There is a slider above each cup-wheel 

 to regulate the supply of seed ; and all these are opened 

 and shut by one handle, furnished with a gauge, though 

 each may be altered separately, if required, without°a 

 pin or screw being withdrawn. The box is to be raised 

 higher or lower above the frame, according to the size 

 of the wheel used in gear with the teeth on the carriage 

 wheel — a brass gauge-jplate indicating the requisite 

 heights. Levers are employed for this purpose, in plac< 

 of nuts and screws ; and, indeed, in every part of the 

 machine, screws and racks and pinions have been dis- 

 carded, and the choice given to the simple and direct 

 lever. 



Garrett's « drill for small occupations » has an 

 admirable contrivance for obtaining a regular seeding 

 on hilly land. The horses walk faster down-hill than 

 up-hill, and when the cups are consequently revolving 

 more rapidly, it is found that they throw the seed into 

 the funnels, in addition to lifting and emptying it so 

 that a thicker seeding is the result. To rerne.lv th 

 the barrel is worked from either end by wheels a litti 

 different m size ; and by means of a lever and chains 

 connected with it, by a single raising or depression of 

 this handle, one end of the barrel is dropped into gear 



, . grat manv im- 



provements m the drilling-machine; one ot 'fat 

 remedying what has always been a great im *fo 

 in all drills, viz., their irregular conducting ot tbeae«b 

 to the ground. Tin cups, working one within anoiher 

 have always been employed for conveying theaedto 

 the coulter levers, which must be allowed tree pkyip 

 and down without altering the flow of corn or mi 

 The tins continually vibrating, more especially in wbh 

 weather, bounced the seed from one cup to aao; 

 consequently delivering it very irregularis more par- 

 ticularly so with Beans or Teas. Jt \\us de ible, 

 therefore, both to improve and simplify this part of thv 

 machine. Hornsby 's '* Patent Flexible or Elastic India- 

 rubber Tubes," have supplied all that was wanted; the 

 seed dropping down one single pipe, pagses to the ground 

 with the greatest nicety and precision, and neither 

 wind nor rain has the slightest effect upon it. Honufcy 

 has also an improvement ior causing damp manureionm ; 

 by moving a lever, the stirrer is put in or out ot action; 

 and by pulling another lever, the lront of the niauurebtf, 

 which is moveable, is brought forward. The Mm i 

 seed and manure are moved, not by simple levers, tot 

 by racks, pinions, cranks, and worms,— a complex, thap 

 accurate arrangement. In oider to insure an e<jw 

 pressure upon the coulters while they are diagonally 

 placed, for the sake of freer working;, tiie lever 

 not differently weighted, but the levers are -fixed W>* 

 two coulter-bars, one behind the other. By the e^ual ores- 

 sure, the seed is deposited at a uniform depth. Be 

 seed coulter-lever is attached to the larger couiter-lwer 

 underneath, and rises and falls independently of it. a* 

 upper lever is bent sideways, so as to Leave t*m tart* 

 seed pipe ; but as the weight is thus hung, as we ijj 

 say, out oi the straight line, we should tiiuuc this *<** 

 have a tendency to rack the lever joint. By w. ed «"> 

 actioned lever, there is no difficulty in depo»MB«J 

 seeds, and manure regularly at any depth, one ueio 

 other. Most of the ° drills with double «^J*£ 

 irons of a horse-shoe form between the J^"*^ 

 seed coulters, to cover the nianure, lest the see 



contact with it. Hornsby has -^^JB 



pateut convex rake," that is, a semiw— - ., 



P - ■ • manure with the hue* » 



knocking aside the clods on each side thecoulwr-> ^ 



set, which covers up tl> 



'banad: 



and the seed counter then follows aim « c f-" ^. 

 in the fresh stirred soil. The greatest ""«"« 



.... .- . . „.— ~~ wed finally to • then the other taken out, wn.le tne Horses a 

 escape, which it does within* few inches of the wJLa \& >in '~> s0 tI,at no stoppage whatever need ensue : the 

 thus insuring a great degree of re "ularitv. "" " ' 



CI 



The instant 

 mimences drop : ; w i tQ 



t the same instant the horses «t™ . *h„<. L .^^ 



alteration being made in an ii uit, according to the 

 ascent or declivity of the ground. The same lever can 

 take the barrel out of work altogether. The 



the horses start, the seed 



, «vpp U |^ Willi 4.-1-^ tt . *. 1 " . r. ^ . . . ~ ~ :_" 



— coulters 



A e . r, -«« WWBWniI1 e a f e n °V n a r ? W ' but arnu, S e<1 8 ° ^ to be alternately 



<tafect which exists in most machines for a similar mir tor ™ er ati(1 backwarder, in order to facilitate then 



t^' ' working. 



in me iresu suneu sun, x«^ & --~— uwteau'; 



the drills is Hornsbj's Patent ilrill, J^j5„ 

 having the barrel turned by a system oi *»» ^ g 

 each end, with wheels to take off aud on, Mb 

 of different speeds in a case in the middle o 

 box, a spindle connecting them with ooeoi :* 

 wheels. The different speeds ^J*™^ 

 dies, aud a single handle set in different a ^^ 

 slides are altered by racks, pinions, &.c [jn , 



are attached to a bar with ''»*!"* .j^j a s t** 

 great measure compensates for the s ^^ 



The box is not supported at f^K^o**!* 

 method, but at the centre, and can DeifF- t biUv land, 

 obliquely either way, so as to suit the i ^^ 

 This is done by a patent action at one ^ s 

 of a horizontal axis, having screw th i ^ ^ tf 

 different directions, so as to ton V'° die pattern** 

 hand screws on its two halves,- »«f._ ^T^ 

 railway- carriage link : by turning 

 bars, meeting at their upper end; ^ 



slanting into a vertical position, or %M ^ '^fcp* » 

 ends being connected with the box. ^.^ ^ 

 thus slanted, and held firmly 



this with ^ & 

 ends, are !*«&»* 



thus preserving its level over doping m^ .^^p 

 P " machines *%£%0*d*+ 



well as eauakse WJ*j 



cast sowing by hand. J. Wj £ 



There are several machines in .- - 



11 as equalise tne 



to> 



Tatov* 



a barrow drill for sowing 



on the flat/' 



-the quantity 



>iudle 





brushes upon it, 

 hy a d of c< 



ie d rouiA P^ 



different numbers ol u 

 As the levers are all of equal length, if t 1 tJie seeds are to pass 



J. Watt, 



ii&0*< 



n& 



















teadof 







