THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE 



349 



• w.> loval nmBurexmmto h eommon use tore, 



ire and Lancashire, the latter appear- 



—the ,_ , 



oe Uk? 9*b* »• ^ Irislx ' ** 9 uoted 

 *** iron below the measurements of the statute, Che- 



1 P* *. i^mcanhire perches, and also an extract from 

 *2e pubhshed many years ago by a land-surveyor of 

 r^p^q^ijging the three measurements. Lawrence 

 Stockport ; to Mr. Abraham Hardy. One 

 Ltfch contains 30J square yards ; 1 Cheshire, 64 

 -^rds • 1 Lancashire, 4!) square yards. One statute 

 rtaudns 4840 square yards ; in Cheshire measure- 



One 



lr 



E& 



tute measuremen 

 measurement, 1 a 



acre contains 784U square yards ; in statute 

 Bent, la. 2r. 19.1 735 p.; and in Cheshire 

 t, a. 3r. 15 p. At your request we have 



mmm number of square yards in a rod, 



perch, and also of an acre in Cheshire and 

 rr^adbire, and have received the above detailed 

 *^^ hich it appears that the Cheshire square 



^ js— 04square yardsare 1 rod, pole, or perch ; or 



40 square yards are 1 acre ; and the Lancashire square 



is 49 square yards are 1 rod, pole, or perch ; or 



square yards are one acre. Hardy & Son, Maldon, 



measure ' # ™ 



pasture in wet weather, but were taken back wheu the weather 

 permitted.— Mr. Hakrisoi*, of Orme*by, did not agree with 

 Mr. Dyke about eating on the land, as he thought it would be 

 unprofitable. He had a relative in the Wolds, who, 20 years 

 ago, never drew a Turnip ; he has now began to draw soro«>, 

 and by adding a little light manure he * U equal crop*, and 

 has his manure for other purposes. — Mr. Dike stated that Mr. 

 John Parrington, of Sockburn, had a field which he manured 

 in the autumn, and had an excellent crop. — Mr. S.Paseikgton 

 said his brother bad a good crop, but he did not find the system 

 answer as a general rule.— Mr. Fawcett, of Ormesby, did not 

 approve of Mr. Parrington** system of cleaning the land, but 

 adopted the following plan : — He put on a skimmer, and 

 skimmed 4 inches deep ; then dragged across the skimmer, then 

 harrowed after that. He used the clod- crusher, and then used 

 the scarifier again ; also mixed ashes with his guano, and 

 ploughed 4 inches deeper, and then if the land was not clean, 

 he repeated the above process. He had an excellent crop of 

 Turnips. The drag he used would drag 8 acres a day ; the 

 skimmer would do 5 acres. — Mr. Pabrington said Mr. Faw. 

 cett's farm, when he went to it, was covered with weeds. Mr. 

 Fawcett, by this process, had done a great deal toward cleaning 

 the land, but his remarks referred to those cases where the 

 land was in a usual state of cultivation, and where the weeds 

 were comparatively few. 





reply : t 



METEOROLOGICAL REPORT.— Mat 



(Continued from page 333.) 



a»in England. The old Scotch acre is now out of 



ft is sometimes, but seldom, used in the Lothians. 



FifeEn r >hacresmake nearly 4 Scotch, which, I believe, 

 tains t»l 04 J yards. Wm. Nicholson; to Mr. Hardy, 



Maldm, Bmx. 



Date. 



Time. 



May 



t 



t 



Farmers' Clubs. 



Stockton District, May 7 : The above club held 



lair first meeting for discussion. The subject was 

 Tkt Cultivation and Management of the Turnip Crop. 



Mr. Pamihgtojt remarked that he considered the subject 

 aa appropriate one for the season, and the meeting to-day 

 *5orde<l those present an opportunity of inquiring of each 

 sthfr i he best way of getting a crop, which every one would 

 allow mil essential to the firmer. In this district we laboured 

 under great disadvantages from the difficulty of thoroughly 

 prtpaiing strong clay land for Turnips, The first step to be 

 taki to drain land thoroughly. He would not discuss the 

 mm-* of this or that system of draining (that would afford a 

 Msbjec; tor future discussion), he would merely say the land 

 sh- 1 be thoroughly drained. In this county Turnips gene- 

 ral y followed a grain crop. The plan he adopted, and which 

 he recommended to the consideration of all the farmers pre- 

 sent, was io clean the land well in autumn ; there was no plan 

 so cheap and effectual as this. One man, with a fork, followed 

 by three women, can do a great deal in a day, and by this pro- 

 cess tiki have two-thirds less weeds to eradicate than by clean- 

 ing in the spring. You cannot plough land too deep for Tur- 

 nips; U should be ploughed not later than November, and not 

 less than 9 inches deep. He did not consider it advisable 

 where land had only been ploughed 4 inches, to plough it at 

 once y inches, but gradually to deepen the soil, bringing a 

 •mall portion of the subsoil to the action of the atmosphere at 

 a lime. Having ploughed your land in the autumn, you should 

 not be^-iii with it in the spring until you are certain you can 

 hire all complete and ready for sowing, for if you get your 

 land pr- ( .tred and it come rain, strong clay will run together, 

 and your lubour is lost. He thought no manure was so good 

 as farm-yard manure for Turnips. He applied to his Turnip 

 •Pop? cwt. of guano aud IS loads of farm-yard manure per 

 ac ; and pumped the contents of his liquid manure tana upon 

 his m: ire heap once a week; aud when the heap was ready 

 far the Turnips it cut like soap. Every farmer should have a j 

 liquid manure tank, as it would save him much trouble, and 

 nuch valuable manure. In sowing your Turnips, it is a good 

 pUn to have 15 or 20 rows prepared at night, and your force and 

 pbugh rtady for the following day. It is not desirable to begin 

 tolne too soon ; some prefer to hand-pick the Turnips before 

 b«einz, but he did not think it necessary. The horse- hoe 

 ih^uld be kept going two or three times ; and the land should 

 begone over, according to the inclination of the land to throw 

 Uj weeds. The Turnips will be ready for pulling off about 

 November, when they should be stored in pits covered with the 

 tips, and above that a depth of soil to keep them from the 

 vind. The seed he used had been grown on his own farm, and 

 lad been ^rown by his father for 50 years. He produced two 

 specimens of very fine bu bs grown from the Beed alluded 

 u. — Mr. Dike said he had used the same seed procured from 

 at. Parrington, aod had Turnips from it equal in size and 

 weight to those upon the table—The Rev. S. H. Dyke coin- 

 cided with most of the opinions expressed by Mr. Parrington, 

 and thought that good plucking was necessary to the proper 

 estivation of the land for Turnips ; and was glad to find, from 

 the specimens which he had witnessed at the late ploughing- 

 Oitch, held under the auspices of this Club, that we had many 

 sped ploughmen in the district. The work of the men was 

 wry good, but that of the boys' class was excellent. He was 

 glad the Club had supported such meetings for ploughing and 

 ether work, and hoped it would continue to do so. He thought 

 .t impossible to get a good crop by shallow ploughing. When he 

 came from the south, farmers used to boast of ploughing 1$ 

 acre a day ; if they could have boasted of doing half an acre 

 well, it would have been better. No land should be ploughed 

 leu than 7 inches for Turnips ; and many thought it sufficient 

 to Plough in spring, but he was of opinion that land for 

 Tandpa *hould always be ploughed in November. He manured 

 ms Turnips with 12 loads ot good farm-yard manure (his stock 

 being fed on Linseed, Bean-meal, and Turnips), and 2 cwt. of 

 ruano ; but differed from Mr. Parrington in the time of putting 

 the liquid manure upon the heap ; and thought, that if put on 

 periodically, it soaked through, and much was lost; he there- 

 tore Pjefei red pouring it on the heap a day before it was 

 wanted for the Turnips. Many persons objected to storing 

 turnips against a stone- wall, but he considered that the main 

 point was to exclude the air, as he had himself stored some 

 agiinst a stone-wall, which were as sound, and many as heavv 

 *J toe specimens upon the table. His dung heap was covered 

 with linseed-straw, and covered that again with rotten manure, 

 *aa hjs Turnips were now quite sound, and would, he expected, 

 *eep some time longer. He considered that many crops were 



Slf 1 ^? 1 the 8eed bein * badf ** P erfi0QS did Q ot always con- 

 ™ r the kind they had got, and when they had bad crops it 



^m attributed to the land; but he would recommend every 



£rm*r to grow his own seed. He thought that it was sufficient 



w *ca\e to* plants in singling 10 inches apart. Some persons 



»y you ongfet not to noe Turnips in dry weather, as you let 



e K f °5 g in ' but he differed from th is altogether. When it 

 w be done, it it ** ry advantageous to feed off your Turnips 

 oj *h«ep on those eta* soils, and would be very desirable. M !r. 

 wanam, who was pru,ent to-day, had a field at Wynyard 

 *»ich h e fed off, strong c lay. The »heep were driven to the 



20 10.55 p.m. 

 21 1 7.40 a.m. 



6 5 p.m. 

 23 7 SO a. in 



7.5 p.m. 



23 7.20 a.m. 



4 p.m. 

 10.40 p.m. 



24 1 6.50 a.m. 

 11 a.m. 



Max. 



30.20 

 30.18 



30il8 



• ■ • 



30.18 



* • * 



25 



30.20 



• t • 



30.24 



2.10 p.m. 30.23 



8 a.m. 30.18 



10.10 p.m. 



§ 



26 



s.l. 27 



7 a.m. 



2 p.m. 



10.45 p.m. 



Min. 



• • * 



30.17 



• • • 



30.17 



Wiwd.—Weathie 



and 



• • • 



30.17 

 80.22 



• •• 



• • • 



• • • 



• • • 



.9.90 



29.89 



-29.85 

 29.86 



Gentle, bright night. 

 N W. Gentle breeze, 



overcast. 

 WNW, Calm, overcast. 

 NNW. Gentle, heavy clouds 



in south horizon. 

 NNE. Moderate, cloudless 



sky. 

 NNW. from noon. Moderate, 



overcast, pleasant day ; 



night brisk. 

 NNE. Gentle; warm bright 



morning, hazy in south. 



• • t 



5.30 a.m. 

 10.40 p.m. 



28 



6 



a.m. 



• • • 



30.02 



• t • 



10.30 p.m. 30.20 



29 5.50 a.m. 

 1.30 p.m. 



30.26 



1 



29.96 



SSW. Moderate. 



WSW. Brisk, fine a.m.; 

 overcast p.m., and threat- 

 ening rain, but none fell. 



NNW. a.m., N. p.m. Stiff 

 breeze, frequent heavy 

 clouds ; night very heavy 

 to northward ; pleasant, 

 fine day. 



- - - 



80.07 



• • • 



30.24 



Pleasant easterly airs, in- 

 clining to south ; light and 

 sunny all the forenoon. 

 SW. p.m., with dark 

 passing clouds* Night 

 gentle and overcast, wind 

 WNW. 



Brisk north-nortb-weiterly 

 and northerly breeze. 



Noon, drawing to NNE. 

 Pleasant, fine day. 



Calm, bright warm morning. 



Hot sunny day. 



■ 



i 



• f % Notwithstanding the steadiness of the barometer and 

 the fineness ot the weather, I anticipate it will be found that to 

 the westward there has been heavy weather (probably from 

 thunderstorms). 



§ In this case the wind having sprung up from exactly the 

 opposite point of the compass, the barometer began to pive 

 way from the storm approaching, and our being on the eastern 

 verge of it. This storm came from the westward (and pro- 

 bably from the West Indies), and crotsed to the eastward. A 

 remarkably brilliant sunset on the 25th. 



s.l. — This change of wind, with settled weather and a baro- 

 meter steadily riding, is very^unusual ; it would arise from the 

 storm curving suddenly to the northward, whiis t over these 

 islands. 



Dorchester, May 29th. F. P. B. M. 



( To be continued.) 



Miscellaneous. 



New Source for tlie Supply of Guano. — We understand 

 that information has been received at the Colonial Office, 

 that a discovery has been made of very extensive de- 

 posits of guano on the coast of Western Australia, to 

 the north-east of Swan River. Hitherto this coast has 

 been very imperfectly surveyed, but this discovery will, 

 no doubt, lead to a careful examination of it, and of the 

 bays and passages by which it can most easily be 

 approached. Lord Grey takes too lively an interest in 

 all that tends to promote the advancement of the mate- 

 rial and industrial interests of our colonies to permit 

 such a source of wealth, both to the colony and the 

 mother country, to remain undeveloped. It is under- 

 stood that several vessels have already carried cargoes 

 of this guano to the Mauritius, and that the quality is 

 fully equal to that which was derived from Ichaboe. 

 Economist. 



?A he ** **&«*«• **"* f**cwon» of a pole or pern*, in 

 or very near another poi%. 



&& 



u* 



Notices to Correspondents. 



Bones and Acid : logo will be both chemically and agricul- 

 turally right in mixing them with charcoal. 



Dung amd Lime : J T W. It is not economical to place lime 

 near dung in the land, because, in the presence of lime, 

 ammonia at once assumes the volatile form, and may be lost. 

 In adhesive soils, however, which have the power of retaining 

 ammonia, there may practically be no mischief arising from 

 a practice which strictly is incorrect. 



FABMEas' Fowls : T has addressed us in a letter, bearing the 

 Liverpool post-mark to this effect :— " A leading article some 

 time since patronised the silver-spangled Hamburghs [this is 

 inaccurate ; the golden-pencilled were mentioned] or the 

 cuckoo fowls, and now a reviewer speaks of getting * back to 



Dorkings and common sense.' I would suggest that the 



poultry critic of the Agricultural Gazette should adopt a breed 

 for the farm-yard without any ors. and stick by it until the 

 time arrives tor him to announce the fact, that another breed 

 will be found more profitable, and the particulars which make 

 it so." This is a very acute observation, and therefore, to 

 follow it up, we will in future recommend one breed of cattle, 

 and one breed of sheep indiscriminately for all farmers in 

 the kingdom. The Durhams, say, shall be recommended not 

 only to the lands where they now are, but to take the place 

 of the Galloways on the Argyleshire mountains, and ot the 

 .Herefords before a Norfolk plough. The Leicester* do ex- 

 ceedingly well in many parts of England: we will stick by 

 them, and have no ors, but send them to the next Cheviot-hill 



farmer who asks our opiuion. No Oouot tne tx±nUncr$* 

 Chronicle will embrace a like principle, and advise the same 

 varieties and species of flowers and culinsry vegetables to be 

 grown in Devonshire and in Northumberland, in the file of 

 Dogs and on the Cumberland Hills. It will save a deal of 

 trouble. But our friend M T." will kindly again read over the 

 leading article which he (incorrectly) quotes. He will 

 obligingly peruse the little sentence, M The advice given must 

 be accommodated to what the farmer wants," and those 

 which follow ; and we then answer his question, M What is 

 the best breed of fowls for the farmer to adopt, the object 

 being plenty of eggs, chickens, and good fo wli for the table ! n 

 Try the cuckoo fowls, or the Surrey, or the Dorking, or the 

 Cochin Chins. Any of them may suit you ; which is probably 

 the best for you we cannot say, as you give us no opportunity 

 of viewing the locality of your poultry-yard. Perhaps a good 

 stock of game fowls (the black, breasted red, or the duck, 

 winged), may thrive in your situation better than any of the 

 aforesaid candidates for your favour. At any rate, hold to 

 your resolution to keep but one breed, and that pure.— Our 

 correspondent will perceive from this comparison that he hat 

 altogether overlooked the grounds on which variety of recom- 

 mendation is unavoidable. 



Forty.dat Maize : A Subscriber. If you have a very hot sum- 

 mer, you may ripen the seed, but you cannot be sure of it. 



Liquid Mahuee Pcmfs: Constant Header. Apply to Read, of 

 Regent Circus, London. 



Mangold Wdezel: A B. The manure should be, as I have 

 already explained, deposited first in the holes, for making 

 which a dibble, about 3) feet long, and shod with iron, is the 

 best : distance apart, 27 by 14 inches. The seed, two or 

 three at a time, is then lightly pressed on the manure, and 

 the hole covered up ; the seed should not be deeply burled. 

 The •uperphoaphate, if used, must be mixed with plenty oi 

 ashes, or better still the scouring* of drains, and peat earth, 

 as without this addition the superphosphate alone would burn 

 up the seed and be useless. Half a pint of manure will be 

 found ample ; having tried both a pint and a half pint. The 

 former I found more than necessary. //. £. 



Me. Paine's Toetable Railwat: W Edwards. The portable 

 farm railway is made of the best yellow deal ; the inner 

 edges upon which the trucks run being shod with thin iron. 

 The rails are socketed together, and are held fast by an iron 

 clamp; they are made in lengths of 15 feet, and are easily 

 carried by a couple of men or lads. The rails are held firmly 

 together by the transverse pieces or sleepers on which they 

 rest and are fitted into. Mr. Crosskill charges 2s. 6d. per 

 yard, therefore every 100 yards will cost 121. 105. ; but this 

 charge.does not include the cost of trucks, sidings, turn-tables, 

 &c, which is, of course, dependent upon the requirements of 

 the purchaser. I have pointed out some improvements in 

 the form of the turn-tables, crossing of public roads, Ac, to 

 Mr. Crosskill, which he has adopted. The rails are easily 

 repaired, and, indeed, can be made by any common car- 

 penter ; but I doubt whether much saving can be effected, 

 seeing that Crosskill does so much work by machinery. When 

 not in use, this railway ought to be carefully packed away ; 

 I have been compelled to build up a shed on purpose, mine 

 being a long one. J. M. Paine. 



Peofessoe Henslow's Haelet Experiment: To our Readers. 

 We should be glad to know the addresses of any who may have 

 thought of leaving a part of their Clover seeding unseeded 

 with Barley, as suggested by Professor Hensiow, to deter- 

 mine the effect, if any, upon the future Clover crop. 



Red Manqe : Barkley. It is not the effect of the acari insect. 

 It is sometimes incurable. A lotion composed of pyrolig- 

 neous acid, 1 oz. ; water, 1 pint, may be tried ; and il it fail, 



mercurial ointment. W. C. 8. 



/ 



/ 



iflarfuts* 



COVENT GAHDE.v, Mat 31. 

 Trade is somewhat brisker. Peaches, Nectarines, and. 

 Cherries may be obtained ; the former at from 12s. to 

 30s. per dozen, and the latter at from 6s. to 12s. per pound. 

 Hothouse Grapes are plentiful and cheap. Pine-apples are 

 more abundant. The same remark applies to Strawberries. 

 Dessert Apples chiefly consist of American Newtown Pippins. 

 Oranges and Lemons are plentiful. Nuts remain nearly the 

 same as last week. Vegetables of all kinds are abundant. 

 Asparagus, young Carrots, French Beana, and Green Peas 

 are still received from France, Cucumbers from Holland, and 

 considerable quantities of Potatoes and Asparagus from Corn- 

 wail, as well as green Gooseberries. New Potatoes may be ob- 

 tained at from 2d. to 6d. per pound ; old kinds realise high 

 prices. Lettuces and other salading are sufficient for the 

 demand. The best Mushrooms fetch Is. 3d. per pottle. Cut 

 flowers consist of Heaths, Pelargoniums, Mignonette, Double 

 Primroses^Stephanotisfloribunda, Cinerarias, Moss andProvins 

 Roses. 



FRtjIT. 

 Pine-apples, per lb., 8s to 12s Oranges, per dor., 9d to 2s 

 Grapes,hothouse,p.lb.,5s to 10s — per 100, 6s to 14s 



Portugal, p.lb.,18 to 2s6d — Seville, p. 100, 7s to 14s 

 Strawberries, per oz., 6d to Is — — p. doz., Is to 2s 6d 



Pears, per doz., 2s to 5s 

 Apples,dessert,p.bush.,6s tolOs 



— kitchen do., 5s to 8s 

 Almonds, per peck, 6s 



— sweet, per lb., 2s to 3s 

 Lemons, per doz., Is to 2s 



VEGETABLES. 



Cabbages, per doz., 9d to Is 



Greens, p. doz. bunches, 3s to 4s 

 Cauliflowers, p. doz., Is6d to 3s 

 Broccoli, p. doz. bundl.,7s to 8s 

 French Beans, p. 100, 2s to 3s 

 Asparagus, per 100, Is to 5s 

 Rhubarb, p. bundl., 4dto9d 

 Potatoes, per ton, 90s to 200 



— per cwt., it to 8s 



— per bush. ,1s 6d to 8s 

 Turnips, p. doz. bundl., Is to 2s 

 Cucumbers, each, 6d to Is 

 Radishes, per doz., 6d to 9d 



— Turnip, p.doz.,ls to ls6d 

 Celery, p. bundle, 6d to Is 3d 

 Carrots, per doz., 6d to 7d 

 Spinach, per sieve, Is to Is 64 

 Onions, p. bunch, 3d to 4d 



— Spanish, p. doz., Isfd to 4§ 

 Leeks, per doz., 9d to Is 

 Shallots, per lb,, 6d to Is 



Chestnuts, per peck, 2s to 5s 



— per luO, 9d to Is 6d 



Nuts, Barcelona, p. bsh,20sto22s 



— Brazil, p, bsh., 12s to 14& 

 Cobs, per 100 lbs., 50s to 56s 



S 



Garlic, per lb., 4d to 8d 

 Artichokes, Jerusalem, p. kali 



sieve, Is to Is 6d 

 Lettuce, Cab., p. score, 6d to Is 



— Cos, per score, is to ls6d 

 Small Salads, p. pu«n.,2d to 3d 

 Horse Radish, p.bdndl.,ls to 5s 

 Red Beet, per doz., 6d to Is 6d 

 Mushrooms, y. pot., 9d to Is 3d 

 Sorrel, per Af. sieve, 6d to 9d 

 Fennel, per bunch, 2d to 3d 

 Savory, per bunch, 2d to 3d 

 Thyme, per bunch, 2d to 3d 

 Parsley, per doz. bun., 2s to 3s 



— Roots, p. bundl. 9d to 1? 

 Mint, green, per bunch,4d to 6d 

 Basil, green, p. bunch, 6d to 9d 

 Marjoram, green, do., 6d to 9d 



Watercress, p,12bunch.,6d to9d 

 Corn Salad,p.bXaieve,lstols6d 



HOPS.— Feidat, May 30. 

 Messrs. Pattenden and Smith report that the demand 

 continues good, and that fly is on the increase. 



HAY.— Per Load of H6 Trusses. 

 Smithfield, May 29. 



• •• 



• *• 



«•* 



• •• 



• •• 



Prime Meadow Haj 



Inferior ditto... ... 55 66 



Rowen 55 63 



New Hay — — . 



The trade heavy for Meadow Hay. 



Cdmbbslaiid MaVket, May 29. 

 Prime Meadow Hay 78s to 84s j Interior ... 



Inferior ditto 55 72 Kew Clover 



New Hay -, _ Straw ... 



Old Clover 90 94 I Joshoa 



Clover 

 Second cut 



Straw ... 



J. 



Clover in good 



« «• 



• t* 



«•• 



72s to 90s 

 75 85 

 26 30 



COOPEA. 



demand. 

 75s to 80* 



• -• 



• •« 



• •• 



28 W 



Bake*. 



COAL MARKET.— FaroiT. May 30. 

 Holywell, 18s. 6d. ; Carr 5 * Hartley, 14s. ; fiden Mam, 145. ; 

 Cowper Hartley, 13s. 0d,; Netherton Hartley, m. 6d.; Walls- 



