

1 



.) 



I. 



THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 



355 



i H Alt DT J A PA I'LAXT. 



DrU'T/fA GRACILIS 'tbct ) 



JASEFH I U "MANN, Nurseryman, Ghent, Belgium, 

 -dJC?'? viii *end i: out in the 1st of August. 

 P * trell established plants £1 



<Jo. do- • ••• ® **- 6 



^tftvd 4 to 5 feet zh 2 



jb '• DeatxU gracilis will never grow higher than 2 feet. 

 Horn Low and ( , of Clapton, have seen it in bloom, 

 ordered 4fr plants cf it. 

 >|£f plaat mar be had in bloom sir moo'hs in the year. 

 j B has r*cciv**d the following prizes for this plant. 1850, 



le; 1351 Chiswick, May the 3d. prize of exeel- 



Kereot'« Park, May 14th, fir*t prize. Bruxelles first 



Antwerp first prize, Mechlin first prize, Lou^ain first 



Urn't first priz Erfurt first prize, Paris firs* prize. 



flfct orer to the Trade on three. No discount if less than 



plants are ordered. Free to London. 



Egftz : a crenata vera. ne*r (X). frracilis o f some). 1*. 



► TICK.— AMERICAN PLANTS. 



GEORGE BAKER begg to announce that his exten- 

 ffrt coBfCtion of AMERICAN PLANTS will be in b oom 

 ■ad alter the 30th May, and may be seen gratis. The 

 i« aated seven miles from Staines Station, South 

 1felt#rfi Railway, and three miles from Virginia Water, where 

 ejftveyac * may always be obtatned. 



G. B. takes this opportunity of informing the Nobility, 

 QfmtBf and Public t!i it he is a Contributor to the American 



, Royal Botanic Garden, Regent's Park. 

 WindTeftnarn' Nursery, Bagshot, Surrey. June 7. 



ROSK NURSEKIES, 11 ERT FORD~ 



E""| P 'RANCIS offers the following > >ck of 

 • Beddin<-ont Plants, strong and vigorous, in 00-siae pots, 

 aotftrnich will be sent to any part of the kingdom, carriage 



Mid in London : 



SCARLET GERANIUMS, Tom Thumbs, &c, 4s. per 

 dot rtmr. 

 TKRBENAB, all the best varieties in cultivation, 35. per doz. 

 BAL> I AS, blue and red, it. per doz. 

 } IAS, all the best leading varieties, 4$. per doz. 



I r ROPES, including the new varieties, 3$. per doz. 



FfcffTRTEMONS fin»> varieties, 4t. per doz. 

 AOERATUM OELESTINUM, 35. per doz. 

 CALCEOLARIAS, Yiscosissima and other varieties, 35. 



per t. 



A5 AG ALU 5, bine and red, 45. per doz. 



jrlEREMBERGIA-*. 4*. per doz. 

 CUPIIEA PLATYCENTRA, 35. per doz. 

 GAILLARDIA PICTA, <kc, 85. per doz— June 7. 



THfi AsfBRICMIff M'RSERY, BA&SHOT, SURREY. 



JOHN WATERER begs to announce that his splendid 

 Collection (containing many thousand specimens) of 

 RHODODENDRONS, AZALEAS, &c, is now in full bloom, 

 and may be seen daily, gratis, Sundays excepted. 



The Nursery is situated three miles from the Blackwater 

 Station, South. Eastern Railway, and near the Farn borough 

 Station, South- Western Railway. — Conveyances are always to 

 be obtained at either Station. 



He also begs to state, that he is the princioal contributor to 

 the great American Plant Exhibition, now on view at the 

 Botanic Garden*. Rtmnt'ft Par i* 



JAMES TURRELL has to offer the finest and best 



pri?» - V ** Scarlet GERANIUMS in cultivation. 



riKB KING — Intensely vivid scarlet, v*rv Hear white eye, 

 fine habit, aod free bloomer (individual flowers, 1} inch in 

 diameter). Price 75. 6d., strong. 



WaRSEFOIU) PET.— Bright scarlet, with white centre; 

 geod shape. This variety is most valuable for bedding, as it is 

 more dwarf than compactum, and a good bouquet flower. 

 Price 5#., strong. 



NEW FANCY PELARGONIUM, "STRIATA COCCINEA." 

 — Beautiful dark mulberry upper petals, the lower strikingly 

 reined, and of the same colour. Price 105. 6d. 



Strong Bedding Plants', of sorts, 45. per dozen • Crnsader and 

 Mount Etna, 1*. each. The Trade liberally treated. 



Providence Nursery, Ramsgate. 



C 1 E RNS. — The present prevailing taste for this 



•*- interesting and elegant tribe of plants, has induced the 

 Subscribers to offer them in selections as under :— 12 distinct 

 exotic species, 30s. to 60s. ; 25 ditto, 505. to 1005. ; 20 distinct 

 hardy species, 15. to 15. 6d. each. Selection of sorts left to 

 H L. and Co. It would be advisable to Btate if they are 

 required for Wardian cases, as small growing sorts would then 

 Deselected.— Hugh Low and Co., Clapton Nursery, London. 



SELECT BEDDING PLANTS. 



"D ASS and BROWN have a large and fine Stock of 



-*-' the following, well established, and now sending out ; 

 they are mostly in small pots, so as to be packed in a little 

 compait; Those marked* can be sent free by post, if re- 



SCARLET GERANIUMS, in variety, strong, 6s. and 95. 

 per dozen. 



• VERBENAS, a large collection of the best sorts for forming 

 dwarf beds, inch as Apollon, Anncreon, Defiance, Emma, 

 Eclipse, Eyebright, Junon, Princess Alice, Psyche, Ilosati, 

 Vulcan, White Perfection, and others, is. per dozen. 



• PETUNIAS, a large collection of bright purple and crimson 



flowers, 55. per dozen. 



• FUCHSIAS, a large collection of select varieties, 5s. p. doz. 

 DAHLIAS, the best varieties, both # show and fancy, 5s., 9s., 



and 125. per dozen. 



Heliotropes of sorts, 45. to Gs. ; Bouvardias of sorts, O5. ; 

 Lsmana crocea, 65. ; Lobelia maxima, erinus, &c, is.; Blue 

 AnagaUis, 65. ; Cupheas of sorts, 6*. ; Calceolaria of sorts, (is. 

 «ri3i.; Dielytra spectabile, 125.; Cheiranthus alpiuus, 125. 

 per doz., and many others. 



«*« A * 90 tne Allowing selections of newer varieties : 

 GERANIUMS, 12 fine show vars., 12*. ; 12 superb do., 215. 



• vrn Y GE KANIUMS, 12 beautiful vara., 12s. ; 6 for 75. 6c*. 

 n * hi SIAS » 12 fine vars., 95. ; 12 superb new vars., 15$. 

 DAHLIAS, 12 fine vara., 9j. ; 12 quite new vara., 81*. 



• pftrv FANCY, 12 fine vars., 95. ; 6 quite new, 105. 



• venr A8 » 12 fiDe var9 '» 9s - • l2 sa P erb n « w vars., 125. 

 new 12 ' 12 fine Yars " 7tt 6d * ; 25 do '' 12s ' ; U su P erb 



HARDY BORDER PLANTS, 100 select vars., 305. ; 50 for 305. 

 unnir *V 8 «perior and new, 50 vars., 305. ; 25 for 175. 6d. 



AVt?d?^ A t N 7 S » 25 8elect va ™-> 12 *- ; 12 vars " 7 *« 6 <*- 

 riw ?J NLMS » 12 fine vars - Bs - '> l2 8u P erb new ^ 10 «- 



newer/e, VarS,> 6 ** ; 25 Vars,> 10j * 6d ' ; 12 BU P erb 



UrVX* H0U8B PL ^' TS ' 12 wXect ▼■«•» 155.; 25 fine 



*Ir»?u P ^ NTS » 12 new and 8elect ^ a 

 r f^J^ENES, 6 splendid new, 75. Cd. ; 



vars., I85. to 245. 

 ftUXiMiaV"? W ?* ,AC "" ,U " c, l» "-yd' ; 12 fine vars., 0s. 

 BW PI ! a A |vS 8 P l « ndl d few. 75. 6d; 12 fine vara., 125. 



**J 3d AnrU 2fifh' Ta\ U ¥ im*" <*«rdener 9 > Chronicle for 

 ^J" ^*» P r " ^6th, and April 19th. 



tamped Catalogues forwarded on application, free. 



«^o^d^ e ^«T e8lW i f,0lI1 u ^ nown ^^^Pondents. Post- 



SnVnpI n* ° b * made Payable to Bass and Bbowk, or 



b!?. .5?°7"" Po8t *& e 8tam ^ 8 received f or small amounts. 



Sn4bury Stt ff 1k° WW ' d and Horticultaral Establishment, 



11 



ORTICULTL'RAL SOCIETY. 21, REGENT- 



c r T? p p T 



NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN, 



MR. HOSeTwATERER'S 



EXHIBITION OF AMERICAN PLANTS, 



IN THE GARDEN OF T I- SOCIETY, AT 



TURNHAM GREEN, i 



Is now open Daily, from. 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. 



Fello'ws of the Society are admitted fne Tickets for other 

 persons, available fur every day except Sundays and the 6th 

 and 7th of June, can be p.ocured in the Society's Garden, price 

 One Shilling each. 



The purchase of such a ticket admits the bearer to the 

 Garden without the ord-r of a Fellow of the Society 



«■ -■ ■■ ■ >■■■ ■ — . ■■■■■! I ' ■ - . m 



NO T I C E.- EXHIBITION OF AMERICAN 

 PLANTS KNAP-HILL NURSERY. NEAR WOKING, 

 SURREY.—The American Plants, at this Nursery, are now in 

 bloom, and may be seen daily (gratis., Sundays excepted. 

 The Knap-hill Nursery is within one hour's ride of London, 

 being near the Wokin Station, South- Western Railway, where 

 nearly every train stops, and from whence conveyances may at 

 all times be obtained. 



Hosea Waterer takes this opportuni'y of stating that the 

 Exhibition of American Plants in the Horticultural Society's 

 Garden, Chiswick, is entirely supplied from his Nursery, and 

 that he is not this year a contributor to that in the Botanic 

 Gardens, Ite^ent's-park. — Knap-hill, Woking, "-urrey, June 7. 



FUCHSIA "CLAPTON HERO" (Batt ). Ditto 

 ••PAGODA" i Batten).— Time can with <onfioence be 

 recommended as the best of the dark vai . ties of this season ; 

 price 75. 6cf. each. 



POTENTILLA LUCIA ; or, BTCOLOR GRANDIFLORA.— 

 Colour, sulphur yellow, ed^ed with scarlet; vigorous grower, 

 and produces the largest flowers of any known variety ; 5s. each. 



POTENTILLA ANTWl PIENslS.— Colour, dark brilliant 

 orange, dwarf growth, producing semi-doub'e flowers in great 

 profusion, which do not close at nieht ; 75. $d. each. 



SWEET ORANGES, 18 inches I 1 t , in Fruit; 10s. each. 



Also all the new English and Con tin l Verbenas, Fuchsias, 



Liliputian Chrysanthemums, German Daisies, &'c. For par- 

 ticu'ars of which w** refer to »>ur general Oa*alogue just 

 published, which can be had by post, free, on application. 



Hugh Low and Co., Clapton Nursery, London. 



Exhibition affords a few *h v. w ]nch we 



refrain from publishing, in the hope that nu ] er8 

 will visit the place for themselves, and ei*i t )Ur 

 to ascertain what progress has been made t< r ds 

 the fulfilment of the great Sir Robert P 



4.5 



ariie <SattrettetjS' ©ftromcle* 



SATURDAY, JUNF. 7, 1851. 



prediction. 



We have frequently been asked, w t is the best 

 mode of prf tviNo frcit, and whether there 

 not chemical means of ke it. so that it may be 



preserved fresh and wholly unchanged for a long 

 time ; either by placing it in contact th some 

 snh^tance which shall counteract it tendency to 

 spoil, or by plunging it in some gas or li< id Inch 

 will prevent it from decomposing. There have been 

 a great many attempts to do tl , but they h all 

 been attended with but very partial j^nccf . Fn . for 

 the most part, consists chit fly of si tr, gum, rch, 

 cellular matte*, water, and a na of 



albumen and gluten ; but I les all th also 



contains certain other sub mces, such c ring 

 matter, and a small quan of some h f ant 



volatile oiK to which th^ taste and agr- able smell 

 of the fruit i< due. The mo- tttf mmponent 



of fruit, therefore, is the azotised ma . v\ h i« 

 generally that which first of all crjtnn to 



decompose; usually, too, air is necettar to its 

 change, and conse« ently those fruits wl h have 

 thick dense skins, dry and shrive' np. \\hon they 

 are kept, without beitig spoilt. In drying, of 

 course they lose some portion of the volatile out- 

 ing matter, but they also retain some, and they may 

 be kept for a long time, without their either ] fy- 

 ing or fermenting. The more delicate and highly 

 flavoured fruits, however, ate not of this description; 

 their skinS are so porous and open, that they very 



MEETINGS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. 



Monday, June 

 Tubsdat, — 



Wrditbsdat, 

 Thdrbi»at, 



Friday, 



9 Geographical 8}r.M. 



( Syro Eiryprian ... 7*fi.M. 



, rt 1 Medicul ana Chirurjfical s$r.n. 



i^ooloeicaJ 9 r.M. 



f tural ...fi j».m. 



5Roya> Botanic GsrJeuA 2 r-u. 

 Literary Fund 3 r.n. 



10 ) N*1 il Floricultu'-al ,3 r.M. 



* 1 Rnyal Soc of Literature I r.M. 



f A>troii"Tttical 8 r.M. 



|43< Philolcfifical H r.M. 



I Royal Institution." .'.'!!!!!].'!!!!! H\r'.m 



Cox'wtrt Shows.— Thur*<l«y, Jane 12: Ch^Itraham Horticultural and 

 Floral, ann" II zhbury and North London HoriicultUraL— Friday, June 13: 

 Durham Horticultural. 



A correspondent of onrs ; some time back, spoke 

 in high terms of the value of glass pipes for the 

 conveyance of water for the use of man, beast, and 

 plant ; such pipes being free from those evils which 

 belong to lead and other metals, all more or less dis- 

 posed to form poisonous salts, by the action of 

 the water upon their surfaces. 



, who ha 



Our correspondent was Mr.-o 7II t m 

 read a paper on the subject before the British As- 

 sociation ; he concludes with this remark, — " We see 

 no reason why the prediction of Sir Robert Peel, 

 that glass w r ater-pipes would soon be laid down, 

 should not be immediately verified." Greefi bottle 

 glass is cheaper than iron, and Mr. Osborne, as well 

 as others, distinctly advises that it should be 

 employed for purposes of water conveyance. 



Desirable as must have appeared the use of glass 

 pipes, yet an apparently insurmountable difficulty 

 has hitherto served to prevent their being adopted. 

 How were the several lengths to be connected 



allow the air to pass into the interior of the 

 fruit, and consequently it [| impossible to preserve 

 them by drying. 



The imrir liate consequence of air coming in con- 

 tact with the pulpy matter of ripe fruit, is that the 

 azotised matters f ;m to absorb oxygen, and < com- 

 pose; then the sugar, starch, and gum are acted on ; 

 the flavour is rapidly destroyed, sometimes irit is 

 formed, the sugar simply undergoing the vinous 

 fermentation ; at other times, the change goes on 

 more rapidly, and the fruit soon becomes putrid. 

 All these effects may be e. ily observed, by watching 

 the ripenii of any of the common varieties of 

 fruit. The drying up of ripe Grapes, which are 

 left to hang with their skins uninjur , an! the 

 immediate change which occurs if the skin is 

 injured or punctured, is familiar to everv one. The 

 rapid change which takes place in ripo (I o mes, 



common vinous fermerr ion, i* 

 known. The injury which all fruit 



not 



also wen Known. me injury 

 sustains from bruises, though it often does not pro- 

 duce the same effect, is yet in chemical nature very 

 similar to that which occurs in the Gooseberry. 

 The cause of the evil in all cases is the oxygen of 

 the air ; and the mode in which it acts c< s in 



the skin or cuticle being destroyed or injured, so 

 that the air finds an easy entrance thfoi h the 

 damaged part. In the case of delicc ' and thin- 

 skinned fruits, they are so porous that the air enters 

 on all sides, as soon as they are fully ripe, and 

 even though they are not in any way injured, and 

 this constitutes the chief difficulty in preserving 

 them. 



The fresh juice of the Grape readily ferments, as 

 soon as it is exposed to the air, but tb3 juice of a 

 Raisin or half dried Grape no longer ha he powei 

 of doing so, because it contains too much sugar to 

 ferment. A weak solution of sugar, under favour- 

 would be admissible in the formation of a joint, j able conditions, soon begins to ferment; whilst a 



unable to entfer into the vinous 



together 1 All the known contrivances by which 



MS of the various materials are now uni were 



inapplicable for joining glass. If the material of 



pip 



glass be elected for its suitability to convey water, 

 on account of its purity, it is clear that no substance 



which would give off the slightest taste, or which 

 would not resist the action of the air or of damp, 



equally with the glass itself. Moreover the substance 

 of the joint must necessarily be of a firmness and 

 durability that would bear the pressure of a column 

 of water equal to that which the pipes, even in 

 extreme cases, could be called upon to sustain. And 

 further, it was desirable that the joints should be 

 moveable, so that accidental breakage should be easily 

 repaired, and alterations in arrangements be effected 

 without trouble or expense. 



Such are the obviously indispensable properties 

 which the joints of glass pipes are required to 

 possess, and we have reason to believe that they will 

 be found to exist in the exhibition of glass pipes 

 in the Crystal Palace, Class I., No. 18, at the south- 

 west end, where may be found numerous specimens, 

 in lengths joined together and carried in every 

 curve and bend likely to be called for in practice. 

 We think these deserving the careful inspection of 

 all who take an interest in the question of an 

 improved supply of water to our towns and our 

 domestic dwellings, and to an improved medium of 



conveyance for such water, rather than through pipes 

 of lead. 



A card placed beneath the specimens in the 



strong one is 

 fermentation. 



It is in part, on this fact, that the 



means of 



common mode of preserving fruits by 

 sugar depends. In making preserves, too, the fruit 

 is heated, and heat, by rendering the vegetable 

 albumen solid, makes it less likely to decompose. 

 The preservative influence of heat on all forms of 

 organic matter is well known ; the value of heat 

 in preventing the decomposition of food generally, 

 was minutely detailed by Apport in 1810, for wdiich 

 he was rewarded by the French Government with a 

 sum of twelve thousand francs. 



But both heat and sugar, though no doubt very 

 useful agents in the preservation of fruit, are very 

 far from being quite satisfactory ; and though, by 

 their use, the fruit may be prevented from under- 

 oing actual fermentation, yet more or leis of the 

 avouring matter of the fruit is always destroyed or 

 lost. What is wanted is a means of preventing 

 the decomposition of the fruit, withmtt the use of 

 any substance which could injure its fl tvour, either 

 by the addition of a new flavour or the destruction 

 of the natural one. After what had been done 

 already in the storing and preservation of some 

 sorts of fruit, and the improved modes of keeping 

 it which have been devised, we do not altogether 



