•J 5 



1851.1 



THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 



303 



R— on M AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY OF 

 ENGLAND.- WINDER MEETING, 1351. 

 PROGRAMME. 

 tn . T jrLY 11 —Cattle received into the Show \ ard, in 

 fg tbt Borne Park, from Eight o'clock in the Morning until 



— TrRDU* 1 ! JULT 12.— The Show Yard open for receiving 



^ Cmxtie from Bfcht o'clock in the morning until Four in 



the afternoon ; after which latter hour no Stock will be 



■fnVDAY^JULY H.— The Judges will enter the Show Yard 

 at Nine in the morning, and commence their examina- 

 tion of the Stock.— In the afternoon, or evening, when 

 the Jadrea have delivered in all their awards, Members 

 of Council and Governors of the Society will be admitted 

 into the Snow Yard, on the payment of Two Shillings 

 tod Sixpence each, and the public at Ten Shillings each. 



rrESDAY JCLY 15.— The Show Yard open to the public 

 from Six o'clock in the morning until sunset, at Five 

 Shillings for each person. 



WEDNESDAY, JULY lt>.— The Show Yard open to the public 

 from Six o'clock in the morning until sunset, at Two 

 Shillings and Sixpence each person. — The Great Dinner 

 of tbe Society in the Pavilion, at Four o'clock in the 



afternoon. : 



THURSDAY, JULY 17.— The Show Yard open to the public 



from Six o'clock in the morning until Eight at night, at 



One Shilling for each person.— At Nine o'clock, p.m., the 



Cattle may be removed from the Show Yard, 



FRIDAY, JULY IS.— The General Meeting of the Society, in 



the Guildhall, at Ten o'clock in the forenoon. 



The Show Yard and Pavilion are situate, by the gracious 

 ptrmisiion of Her Majesty .and His Royal Highness Prince 

 ^-Albert, in the Home Park, immediately below the slopes and 

 /llBTacei of the north front of Windsor Castle. 

 ^^ President, His Grace the Duke of Richmond, K.G. 

 *•* Stewards of Departments : 



Cattle Mr - fctukes, Mr. Jonas, Mr. Milward. 



Finance Colonel Challoner, Colonel Austen. 



Bale of Tickets Mr. Wilson, of Stuwlangtoft. 



Receipt! .nd Admission | M Ra mond Barker, 

 to Show lard. J * 



Parilion Dinner... 



• • • 



Hon, Robert Henry Clive, M.P., Sir 

 John V. B. Johnstone, Bart., 

 M.P., Mr. Shaw of London, Mr. 

 Vllliers Shelley. 



General Arrangement of) M| . Brandreth Gibbs# 

 Show. J 



By Order of the Council, 

 Xondon, June 11, 1851. James Hudson, Secretary. 



By the Regulations of the Society, all persons admitted into 

 tbe Show Yard, or other places in the temporary occupation of 

 the Society during the Meeting, shall be subject to the Rules, 

 Orders, and Regulations of the Council. 



Pavilion Dinner Tickets. — Members may obtain their 



Tickets for the Pavilion Dinner by enclosing a Post-office order 



for Ten Shillings to the Secretary of the Society, at No. 12, 



Hanover- square, London, between the 20th of June and the 



5th of July. The Tickets will be forwarded by return of post, 



in the order of application ; and should any remain unclaimed 



they will be sold at the Finance Rooms, within the Society's 



Enclosure in the Home Park, on the Monday, Tuesday, and 



Wednesday of the week of meeting, until disposed of. Each of 



thete Dinner Tickets also entitles the holder to a pint of port 

 Or sherry. 



Scbsceiptions. — Fcr the convenience of Members attending 

 the Meetiug, the Finance Committee will, in the same Rooms, 

 also receive any Subscriptions that may be due from Members 

 to the Society. 



HOSE FOll LIQUID MANURE, Fm-cn-mes, 

 and agricultural purposes, made of canvass, lined and 

 coated with trutta purcha ; it is about one-third the price of 

 leather or india-rubber, will convey liquida of all kinds under 

 a heavy pressure ; it is extensiiely used at the Government 

 public works, also by the navy, and amongst agriculturists, 

 giving universal satisfaction. Testimonials and prices may be 

 obtained of Messrs. Burgess and Key, 103, Newgate-street, sole 

 manufacturers. — London Agents : Messrs. Dean*, Dray, and 

 Deane, Swan-lane; Messrs. Tilley, Blackfriars-road.— Country 

 Agents : Messrs. Ransome and Parsons, Ipswich ; Messrs. J. 

 and S. Johnson, Liverpool; Messrs. Dickson, Hull; Mr. S. 

 Wilson, Agent for Scotland. 



ANTHONY'S PATENT AMERICAN CHURN 

 has obtained a Prize at every Agricultural meeting at 

 which it has been exhibited ; and the Proprietors have sold 

 upwards of 2000 in one year, nnd received from all parts of 

 England the highest testimonials in its favour both as to the 

 short time required, the quantity and quality of the Rutter 

 made, a copy of which testimonials, with prices, will be for- 

 warded on application to Bubgess and Key, 103, Newgate- 

 street, Sole Agents to the Proprietor. 



HOSE ! HOSE ! ! HOSE ! ! ! Improved Canvas 

 Hose, Lined and Coated with Gutta Perch a for Liquid 

 Maoure, Fire Engines, Garden and Farm purposes. — The 

 rigidity of seam avoided, the flexibility increased, and the 

 pliancy that of a lady's glove. A new material will be ready 

 this week for {.inch Hose for Garden purposes, of a very 

 superior description to any yet seen. The Improved Gutta 

 Percha Union Joints are much approved of, and all size* can 

 now be had.— Apply to Messrs. Mitchell and Co., 9S, High 

 llolborn, London ; International Depot for Patented and other 

 Inventions, 



'1MIE 



GENERAL LAND DRAINAGE AND 



JL IMPROVEMENT COMPANY. 



HENRY KER SEYMER, Esq., M.P., Chairman, 

 JOHN VILLIERS SHELLEY, Esq., Deputy Chairman. 

 Empowered by Act of Parliament to ex* ite all works of 

 drainage (including outfails through adjoining estates), to 

 erect farm buildings, and carry out every kind of permanent 

 improvement upon estates under settlement; to provide the 

 money, or to enable the landowner to employ his own capital 

 and execute the works by his agents, and to secure repayment 

 of the outlay by a charge on the property improved, spread 

 over a number Of years. Applications to be addressed to 

 Offices, 52, Parliament-street, London. W. CLirFOED, Sec. 





SATURDAY, JUNE 21, 1851. 



MEETINGS FOR TI1E TWO FOLLOWING WEEKS. 



WiDifiiDAT, June 25 -Agricultural Society of England. 

 Tburidai, — 26 -Agricultural Imp. Soc. of Ireland. 

 Widrisdai, July 2- Agricultural Society of England. 

 TavaiDAT, — 3— Afri cultural Imp. Soc. of Ireland. 



AT R - J - C. NESBIT, F.C.S., F.G.S., Consulting and 



-t ? -*- Analytical Chemist, Laboratories, 38, Kennington-lane, 

 Londcn.-PKIVATE INSTRUCTIONS in Chemical Analysis) 

 •nd the most approved methods of making ARTIFICIAL 

 MANURES. Analyses of Soils, Manures, Minerals, &c, pcr- 

 fermed as usual, on moderate terms. 



PERUVIAN GUANO. 

 pAUTION TO AGRICULTURISTS. 



^ It being notorious that extensive adulterations of this 

 MANURE are still carried on, 



ANTONY GIBBS AND SONS, AS THE 

 ONLY IMPORTERS OF PERUVIAN GUANO, 

 Consider it to be their duty to the Peruvian Government and 

 to the Public again to recommend Farmers and all others who 

 buy to be carefully on their guard. 



The character of the parties from whom they purchase will of 

 course be the best security, and in addition to particular atten- 

 tion to that point, ANTONY GIBBS and SONS think it well 

 to remind buyers that — 



The lowest wholesale price at which sound Peruvian 

 Guano has been sold by thtm during the last two years 

 is 91. 5s. per ton, less 2 4 per cent. 



Any resales made by Dealers at a lower price must therefore 

 either leave a lo-a to them, or the a rticle must be adulterated. 



Q.UANO AND OTHER MANURES.— Peruvian 



V* Guano of the finest quality ; Superphosphate of Lime • 

 Qvpsum ; Salt ; Nitrate of Soda; Moffat's Patent Concentrated 

 City Sewage Manure, and all others of known value.— Apply to 

 Man Fot heioill 204, U pper Thames-street , London. 



'pHE LONDON MANURE COMPANY beg to 



■*. offer, as under, CORN MANURE, most valuable for 

 •pring dressing— Concentrated Urate, Superphosphate of Lime, 

 titrate of Soda, Sulphate of Ammonia, Fishery and Agricul- 

 tural Salts, Gypsum, Fossil Bones, Sulphuric Acid, and every 

 other Artificial Manure ; also a constant supply of English 

 *nd Foreign Linseei-cake. Peruvian Guano, guaranteed the 

 genuine importation of Messrs. A. Gibbs and Sons, 9i. 10#. per 

 ton, or 9/. 5*. in quantities of 5 tons and upwards. 



*o t> .j . . „ . Ed*a»d PoagE*, Secretary. 



_2g ^ B ndge-street, Black friara. Lond on. 



V/f ANURhS.— The toilowing Manures are manu- 



™ f *ctured at Mr. Lawib's Factory, Deptford Creek : 



Clover Manure, per ton £11 o 



luruip Manure, do 7 



Superphosphate of Lime 7 



Sulphuric Acid and Coproliteg ft 



■ t* D 0ffice « 69 » Kin 8 W Uliam-atreet, City, London. 

 kZ~ f er ? vian Guano, guaranteed to contain 16 per cent, of 

 £H on > *• l0s - P er ton J and f °r * tons or morefw. 5*. per 







 

 







HALE MANURE. 



The Bituminous Shale Com- 



at 



P a ny can now supply Pulverised Shale Ashes in sacks 



fbtott!' w r ton ' delivered at any station or branch line of the 

 *outn. Western Railway, and at the Terminus, Nine Elms. 



tilUi Ta,u . ab,e Manure is at once cheap, durable, and fer- 



Or.1 R U wil1 **• found to be superior to all others for 



*«n, Grass, and Root crops. 



vt«tMl gu,ar P rr P ert J of tbii Manure is that it entirely pre- 

 UtelwAIf**? of /he Fly in Turnips and Hops; it is also 

 Try destructive of the Wire worm 



IiVtt ^J* addressed to the Bituminous Shale Company 

 frimt *£*"! Tb ames-Street, London, where also testimonials 



toe first agriculturists of the day may be obtained. 



Alqiinom Pollock, Secretary, 



The subject of cultivation bt steam seems to hang 

 fire. Not for want of thought upon the topic ; for 

 there are many minds full of thought about it, and 

 few people now-a-days believe the thing impossible: 

 indeed no one can find any good reason why it 

 should be so. There is no particular difficulty or 

 peculiarity about the mechanism of cultivation, to 

 " forbid the banns " between the soil and the steam- 

 engine ; and a recent passage of the Times (in 

 noticing the husbandry implements in the Great 

 Exhibition) assures the world pretty boldly that 

 the match will take place some day, slow and 

 unpromising as the courtship may seem at pre- 

 sent. We join hands in this belief; and in the 

 meantime invite the attention of our readers 

 to some preliminary points which may help a little 

 to account for past delay, and possibly to advance 

 the question a step or two from its present silent 

 condition. Silent, because invention is apt to be so. 

 Self-interest keeps it so ; and in the mean time a 

 generation may pass by, and nothing be practically 

 done towards a consummation which, once at- 

 tained, it requires no ghost to see that Great Britain 

 would leap a-head in agriculture as much as her 

 mines of coal and iron, and her still deeper and 

 richer mine of mechanical skill and improvement, 

 have led her to do in every art and manufacture 

 upon which the breath of Steam has been brought to 

 bear. 



Here lies the grand motive in the matter ; and 

 one so emphatically important in reference to this 

 particular application of steam-power — yet to be 

 achieved — that one cannot help wishing that all 

 who really think at all about it — who are not of 

 that class of infidels who think the womb of inven- 

 tion is age-stricken, and that nothing is possible 

 but what has been done — would come into com- 

 mittee upon the subject, and abating a little of 

 that exclusive faith which each has in his own 

 cleverness and chance, would help to bring in 

 this tide, as the tide of human progress is wont 

 to come in— not by one great wave, all at once, 



but by a great many waves after and upon each 

 other. 



There is one grain of comfort, and of corresponding 

 hope, visible already. * The Times has got quit of 

 the ste&m-plough , and got as far as the spade: that 

 is something. We speak, of course, with the in- 

 tensest deference of our great contemporary, merely 

 venturing our kite-string into his thunder-cloud, to 

 catch an electric spark or so of intelligence as to the 

 status quo of the public mind, which nothing can, 

 especially in such a case, more powerfully repre- 

 sent. It is something, we repeat, to have got to the 

 Spade ; for those who have got thus far will not stay 

 long there. The public mind moves slowly ; but 



once in motion, the inertia on shaken otf, and the 



vis inertias once aroused, it will never stop till it 

 reaches the goal. 



Again and again be it repeated, that it is no* 

 toughing, neither is it digging, that we want. These 

 are only means. What we want is the end: we 

 care not for the process. Give us a srkd-bed : shew 

 us the soil comminuted, aerated, and inverted, G or 

 8 inches deep, and we will not ask you how it came 

 so. What does that matter ? If you wanted your 

 coffee ground for breakfast, to a certain fineness of 

 texture, would you be very particular to ask whether 

 the mill that crushed the fragrant berry had worked 

 by horizontal, vertical, alternate, elbow-crank, or by 

 circular motion ? If the farmer or the gardener 

 could only have his seed-bed made ready for him as 

 fine as a new mole-heap, or to any other coarser 

 texture, according as lie wants it, what would he 

 care whether the soil had been first cut into 

 longitudinal strips, plough-fashion, or into flattened 

 cubes, spade-fashion, before it was finally granulated 

 for his use? Surely the one is as indifferent as the 

 other ; and singularly enough, both offer problems 

 far more difficult to the steam-engine (if any thing 

 can be called so), than the performance at once of 

 the ultimate and entire process without these pre- 

 liminary forms at all. 



Until steam-power was discovered this possibility 

 did not exist. Wind and water-power being out of 

 the question, there remained nothing for it — no other 

 power that could be taken to the field — but men or 

 horses. Ploughing or digging then were the in- 

 dispensable preliminaries ; there was no getting on 

 without them ; they were but preliminaries, it is 

 true, the former leaving everything^ the latter 

 a great deal (according as the work was done) to be 

 accomplished afterwards to complete the cultivation. 



But it is not so now. Since the birth of the 

 steam-engine — no such very long time ago — the 

 whole elements of the question are altered. There 

 exists now a portable power — not limited to hori- 

 zontal action like the horse, nor to vertical action 

 like a man using the spade or hoe, — which if merely 

 told what to do will go and do it, merely dropping 

 a hint into your ear that circular motion is its 

 favourite. 



But the willing giant stands idly panting and 

 smoking : for nobody can agree to tell him what to 

 do. One says, u go and plough ! " another says, " go 

 ancf dig" each mistaking the means for the end, and 

 trying to yoke this youngest born of human genius 

 to the peddling routine of manual or equine capacity, 

 out of the very perversity of backsightedness that 

 clings to forms and modes which belonged to the im- 

 plements not to the task — backsightedness that would 

 with equal reason puzzle its brains in looking for the 

 pole and splinter-bar of a locomotive, the pendulum 

 of a watch, or the paddle-boxes of a screw-steamer. 



But if it is not ploughing, and it is not digging, 

 what is it 1 " Go to the mole thou dullard" (the 

 old proverb might be travestied), consider her ways 

 and be wise — who without any coulter, share, or 

 mould-board, without spade, hoe, or Dickaxe, leaves 

 behind her in her rapid track a finlr mould than 

 ever Ransome, Howard, or Crosskill — than ever 

 spade or rake produced, or the most careful- handed 

 gardener used, to pot his plants with. The very 

 rabbit that scratches his hole in the ground, or 

 the fox that scratches after him — like a king-crab, 

 to eat the kernel and lie in the shell — or the dog 

 that scratches after both — the whole tribe of 

 'claw-foot' in fact — had scratched hard earth 

 into soft mould, before ever the plough or the spade, 

 or even the more ancient hoe, had broken ground on 

 this planet. 



Let us begin from the beginning : let lis take 



Cultivation' itself into 



thought lor a serious 

 moment, and analyse it into its simplest elements, 

 dropping all conventionalities of plodding custom. 

 What is it ? How would you do it, if you had 

 neither plough nor spade nor hoe nor rake to help 

 you 1 Surely with the same tool that the Monks 

 of La Trappe used, to dig tfyeir graves, and in 

 like manner ! If the mole, the rabbit, the fox, the 

 dog, are not sufficient indicators, take the hand of 

 man, glove it with hardened steel, multiply it a 

 dozen or twenty times, till you have an instrument 

 as broad as Crosskill's clod-crusher, each hand or 

 claw with its separate arm forming the radius 

 from a central shaft, which bristles all around 

 with a forest of such arms, a sort of revolving 

 Bhiareus, not rolling — let that be especially remem- 

 bered—but steam-driven, a thousand tfop-power if 

 you please, for we must not even mention horses, 

 or we shall drop back into the old Scylla and 

 Charybdis of < traction ' and of ■ rolling,' two ideas 

 to be eschewed like poison. 



Let us suppose the picture of this formidable 

 looking cylinder of claws to be sufficiently described, 

 for the moment — reminding one at a distant view, 

 of a half-breed between a hay-tedding machine and 



