THE GARDENERS' 



CHRONICLE. 



the full 



ItoTk it will be found, by those willing to, 

 trial, that a greater depth is injurious to 

 development of the Mushroom. I believe a slight 

 Sun of soil on the surface of the bed, witha c^venng 



n^lhTlia^d under a pump and a stream of water aho wed to 



Next in 



of sphagnum moss, would answer well. 



Z earthing, is to cover the bed with a light covering of 



from the 



Straw, to prevent a too rapid evaporation iromt«c 

 Sriace. The longer the natural humidity is kept in 

 the bed by covering, and surrounding it with a moist 

 atmosphere, the better. 



f J t XB 28 



Whenever signs of dryness 

 with water at the tempe- 



pass through ; by this means the soil will be washed 

 away, leaving the root in the sieve ; these may then be 

 spread out, and gradually dried in a shady place. The 

 bulbs on the main beds will require attention, inasmuch 

 as they are seldom ready to be taken up all at once. 

 Some of the Grass will become yellow before the other ; 

 these should be lifted directly, for if allowed to remain 

 and showery weather sets in, they will immediately 

 make a second growth, to the serious and often irrepar- 

 able injury of the root. Tulips.— As the foliage de- 



f* 



^ear, give a ge^ also be taken upland .stored away for 



rature of 65°. Neglect on mis «*«■ « T~* £ - - , - « >;> . , be shad We rec ollect a number 



much more mischief is to be apprehended .from ttebed J^^ ^ he[ng put ^ ft glazed ^ to dry . 



getting too dry than ^ % ^ il^:^ mn ^ the consequence was that they were all destroyed, 



the straw covering on tne oeu iux «» * ^ s _ .__ _ j: n w i»;«Vi morU them imr 



watering, to prevent the ^surface getting ^ ^^ ^ ^ ^ 



heasou, U 1* bUiIuiiy cruel to hr^T -. 



happy, confiding creatures. I Bra ^ U ; e ">« * i 



in your case from a mistaken act J ?\ il U <^C!^ 

 Reparation is easily made, pi' J. x lntt ^ded •*kw? , »* 

 your li tie " prisoner of hope » and u^° e to *• «Z?*' 

 by giving him his liberty, $ tt ^ £'"£"*"*£! 

 your own happiness. IP. tf.-^/^I 1 * tmtl/V! 

 food, is .of various kinds • for in,?. aui " We i* 

 Groundsel before they are in full fl r Zl r Tl ?*W*5 

 any rank vegetable produce. Birds ££***•> ^ * 

 partaking of these crudities, as we dl I h% *m fc_ 

 Waters sses are an mwm*"** *£"» «Mlii»Sgg 



se cruamea, as we do from*? ■"■• 

 b an agreeable change f r a c^^ 

 h. You had better W*\fr»*« 



damp and 



mouldv, wluch flight probably be A u_ 



up at once, especially when the atmosphere of the house 

 is kept well charged with moisture. A bed, treated after 

 the manner described, with a house temperature of 55 ., j 

 will in all probability produce Mushrooms in the fourth or 

 fifth week at furthest,and yield a plentiful supply for three 

 months, the majority of the Mushrooms being from 

 4 to 6 and 7 inches in diameter. A certain degree of 

 light heat, and a humid atmosphere is indispensable 

 to the successful growing of the Mushroom. The 

 necessity of heat and humidity will readily be admitted 

 by all j but why light should be excluded from the 

 Mushroom house appears to me to be a mystery rather 

 difficult to solve. We might as well argue, that because 

 some Potatoes had been grown in cellars, all Potatoes 

 should be grown there, were it not that we have the 

 direct evidence of our senses against such fallacious 

 logic. The main error which many commit in Mush- 

 room growing, is in drying the dung too much, too 

 hard beating, and farther, loss of moisture by a too 

 active fermentation, all of which must render the bed 

 unfit to produce but a very scanty crop, more especially 

 when dry spawn is introduced into a bed in this con- 

 dition, which cannot yield it the necessary moisture to 

 cause it to run freely. Hence it follows, that after two 

 or three months' fruitless expectations, and several 

 heavy waterings, a small cluster of bitter Mushrooms 

 are produced over the piece of spawn, instead of fine 

 ones of the natural size. North British Agriculturist. 



Calendar of Operations. 



(For the ensuing week.) 



PLANT DEPARTMENT. 



Now is a good time to sow seed of Chinese Primros 

 for winter and spring flowering. Old plants may have 

 the soil partially removed, and be then repotted in a 

 compost of loam, a little well-decayed cow manure, and 

 leaf-mould, with a portion of sand. By placing them in 

 a cold frame in a shady situation, and keeping them close 

 for a time, they will be useful for furnishing a supply of 

 flowers during the early part of winter. Some seed of 

 the Humea elegans should now be sown both for furnish- 

 ing the conservatory next year, and for plants to turn 

 out into beds in the flower garden ; or for any of the 

 various decorative purposes, for which this fine plant is 

 so well adapted. Seedling Cinerarias, for autumn and 

 winter flowering, should be potted as they require it in 

 light rich soil, containing about one-fourth of loam. The 

 plants obtained by dividing the old ones of approved sorts 

 should be stimulated into vigorous growth, to produce fine 

 specimens for late flowering, by repotting them progres- 

 sively, as soon as the roots reach the sides of the pots. 

 It will, however, be advisable to retain a portion of 

 the plants in small pots, for flowering during autumn 

 and early winter. 



FLOWER GARDEN AND SHRUBBERIES. 



Perhaps no plants are more generally useful than 

 the hardier kinds of Carnations, Picotees, and Cloves ; 

 their beauty and fragrance not only recommending 

 them to a prominent place in flower beds, but also 

 rendering them invaluable for glasses or bouquets. If 

 pipings of them are taken off about this season, they 

 sometimes strike as freely as Pinks; but the operation 

 will be more certain to succeed if the hand-lights are 

 set on a slight hotbed, or the pots plunged in a frame 

 where there is a gentle bottom heat. Points that 

 require special attention are—that the cuttings be taken 

 not later, on any account, than the expanding of the 

 first flower, and that they be carefully shaded from 

 every ray of sunshine. The most certain method of 

 propagating them is by layers ; but it is equally im- 

 portant that this operation be performed early, as the 

 plants root sooner, and thereby become better esta- 

 blished before winter ; but in all cases it will be found 

 the most satisfactory mode of proceeding, to defer the 

 transplanting of Carnations raised from layers till the 

 spring following ; as, if transplanted in autumn, they 

 are liable to be thrown out of the ground by frost. 

 Where the locality is unfavourable, it sometimes 

 becomes necessary to remove the young plants to a 

 frame during winter. Late sown annuals, intended for 

 autumn flowering, should be thinned out or transplanted 

 before they crowd one another, and become too weak to 

 support themselves, choosing moist weather for the 

 operation. ... 



assuming a disease which made them impenetrable to 



Auriculas, Dahlias, &c, as last week. 



KITCHEN GARDEN. 



As every available means should be adopted for 

 stimulating the various crops into a vigorous growth, 

 let due use be made of liquid manure, if this valuable 

 auxiliary can conveniently be obtained. This is the 

 best time of year to make use of it, by applying it to 

 all plants which are cultivated for the sake of their roots, 

 stems, or leaves, the object being to induce a luxuriant 

 growth, and to prevent or retard the production of 

 lowers or seeds. Make every provision for autumn 

 and winter, by planting good breadths of Brussels 

 Sprouts, Cabbage, Savoys, Broccoli, and other winter 

 vegetables, taking care that the ground be previously 

 well manured. Let there be no idle ground in this de- 

 partment ; but, as the quarters are gradually cleared of their 

 summer occupants, let them be succeeded by something 

 else. Celery planting should also be completed with the 

 least possible delay. Sow Chicory, Endive, Parsley, 

 American Cress, &c, for winter ; and Lamb Lettuce or 

 Corn Salad for late autumn use. Kidney-beans, Peas, and 

 other crops with weak collars, should be earthed up 

 before they are blown aside. A supply of Watercress 

 for the autumn and winter may be easily obtained by 

 planting some strong young tops, about 4 inches long, 

 line at the foot of a north wall. The cuttings 



are protruding roots from the 

 will grow freely in such a 





Firs : Dedhamiensis 

 ycu cut them down } 



Insects : C C. The insect sent is the n«n . 

 lady-bird (Coccinella 7 puueta-a) wWP^ ***li 

 flies of K<,*es, &c. When full irown i ?** «* * V* 

 plant, and in a few days it comesfl Xe * l *#E2 

 See Westwood, ■■ • lotrJdactirt? ffi*£ Ffrtt 

 —A R H. Thanks; but we should be ill/;* 1 ' * 

 information respecting the insect sent W n • ** 

 The transformations ofthe Goo-eb-rrv trnh ^^ 

 in the accompanying wood-cut, and Zh^^'J^ 

 insect is given in the Gardeners' Chronirlsf- 7 tl0i *% 

 1, a twig of the tree; 2, the egg 8 ; T L ui U '^ 

 cocoon formed under ground; 5 the ierf « " l; *• *• 

 thredo Ribesii, or Grossulariaj. w\ P Ct Insect > *«. 



m a 



should be of pieces which 

 joints. The Watercress 

 situation ; and in many 



grow 



places where there are no 

 natural ones are a consider- 



artificial beds, and where 

 able distance off, these will be found very useful. 

 Supply the young plants with plenty of water until 

 they are rooted. 



State of the Weather near London, for the week ending June 26, 1S51, 

 aa observed at the Horticultural Garden, Chiswick. . 



June. 



< 



Ba&ombteb. 



Tkmpkkatubk. 



Of the Air. 



Max. Min. Max. Min. Mean 



Friday.. TO 21 

 Satnr. .. 21 (f 

 Sunday . 22 23 

 Moaday 33 24 

 Tuea. .. 24 :>'•> 



Wed. 

 Thurs- 



25 



26 



26 



-7 



30.09 S 

 9&S83 



30.014 

 30.2 JS 



30.267 

 30.260 



30.257 



30.035 



29.639 

 2'J.8i3 

 30. 1 63 

 30.24 2 

 30.24 



30.200 





81 

 S7 

 6/ 



67 



77 



Ofthe Earth. 



1 foot 2 feet 

 deep. deep. 



47 



55 



41 

 35 

 45 



47 



46 



61.0 

 71.0 

 54.0 

 61J0 



59.0 

 62.0 

 65.5 



Wind. 



SOUS 30.055 767 45 1 ' 60 9 



F>9* 



57 



61 



58 



62 



59 



59.} 



59 



59 



58 



59 



59 



" 



59* 



1 eo 1 



5S5 



s w. 



SE. 

 N.W. 



N.W 

 W. 



w. 



s. 



c 



.00 

 .00 

 .00 

 .00 

 .00 

 .00 

 .00 



.00 



June 20- Very hue; cioudy; cifar at night. 



— 21— Dry h*ze; very fine ; Migutly clouded ; very hot ; c^ear and fine. 



— 22— Clouny; clear at night. 



— 23— Fine throughout; clear at night. 



— 24 -Cold, nearly at frepz ng ea 1/ a.m. ; fine ; clear at night. 



— 25— Vine; alightly overcast: clear. 



— 26-Fme; very hot; clear *nd fine. 



Mean temperature of the week. 1 <Iez. belonr the average. 



State of the Weather at Chiswick, during the last 25 years, for the 



ensuing week, ending July 5, 1851. 



June 

 an1 July. 



Sunday 29 

 Mon 30 

 Tues. 1 

 Wed. 2 

 Thurs. 3 

 Friday 4 

 Satur. 5 



No. of 



Sears in 



which it 



Rained. 





Greatest 

 Quantity 

 of Rain. 



Prevailing Winds. 



Zi: eft 



7 | 



0.C0 in. 



2 



9 



0.80 



— 



9 



0.30 i 



1 



12 



0.38 



1 



12 



078 



1 



11 



0./8 



— 



5 1 



24 



— 





4 



4 

 2 

 2 

 2 

 3 





3 2 



2 - 

 2 1 





1 



4 

 4 

 5 

 4 



9 

 6 



7 



6 



7 



1 4 1 



110 

 4 7 



5 

 4 



5 



7 



8 

 8 



2 



n 



2 

 2 

 1 

 1 



The highest temperature during the above period occurred on the 5th, 

 1846 -therm. 95 deg ; and the lowest on the 30 tn of June, 184S. and Ut of Jul v. 

 1837 -therm. 37 deg. • 



ci;i i*c me turuest impressions — either goon 

 Hence the necessity for emsing them always 

 the beat company. With them, as with us 





plants 



is 



of 



Timely tying, staking, and regulating of all 

 much importance, both as regards the 

 effect produced, and the time occupied in doing so. 



a :,,. t. FLORISTS' FLOWERS. 



beedling Ranunculuses will now require taking up • 

 generally speaking, they are so very small the first sea- 

 son, that without great care, many may be lost. Perhaps 

 the better way is to get a fine wire sieve, in which com- 

 psst and roots together may be put ; this may then be 



Notices to Correspondents. 



Bees: S D E, The article enquired for can be obtained at 

 Milton's, 10, Great Marjlebone-street, London. Y. 



Birds : Louisa C. Your surmise is correct. Your skylark may 

 be, and no doubt is, a beautiful songster ; but the ''variety " 

 of his notes, resembling fo greatly tho?e of "other song- 

 birds," : * — ' J - *—*—■.* 1- •• - * 



h 

 th 



find tne question of "a bird's early education" fully dis 

 cussed. Birds, like the human mce, are, in their infant 

 state, open to recive the earliest impressions—either good 

 or oherwi-e. " " L 



to he found in 



" evil communications " act prejudicially; and bad habits 

 though eaKily acquired, are not so e i iiy era<iic*ted. It is 

 pleasing to know that you take such an increasing interest in 

 the subjects now under discussion, nervation, and prac 

 tical experience, j ,ine •! to jour zealous and inquiring mind 

 wi I soon make you a proficient in what you are so desirous 



to earn. You have selected a delightful branch of study and 

 will never regret having made such a ch ice. W K~ \f w K 



Wharhasbeento!dyoubythec-)uutrymanaboutthew/(/krwa?e 

 may or may not be true. Admitting, however, that be Aa* had 

 it in his possession a month, and that it has ■■ sang dtlitbt- 

 fully "it li now quite *if song, and will remain so fornix 

 months. The injury done to the bird's leg, induces us to 

 advise you not to purchase it; unless, indeed, the limb be 

 already restored, and the bird have the full use of it The 



The bird you describe so accurately, is the golden- created 

 wren-a beautiful little creature, truly. By no means 

 attempt to do as j ou propose, but give him instant liberty. 

 Perhaps he has a fond mate, anxiously expecting bim to 

 share with her the heavy and wearisome duties of incuba- 

 tion ; perhaps a large family, to assist in feeding. At this 



Meteorological Instruments : M. In commencing a term 



of observations on the weather, the instruments &*Mk 

 placed »o as to indicate the natural climate of theketik, 

 as nearly as circumstances will permit. Artificialiga 

 ferences should therefore be guarded against. Thermoa*« 

 for example, should not be placed, as they too freoak 

 are, so near the wall of a house as to be greatly iotas' 

 by radiation. In such a situation they occasionally fetal 

 several degrees above freezing, whilst at the same timefltas, 

 at a little distance, U hoary with frost, and tender na- 

 tion is desiroyed. In the "Instructions for makiozMdaa 

 logical Observations," by a committee of the Royal Sodr 

 the thermometer is directed to be fixed upon a bracket r 

 jecting 8 inches from the wall, or other support, to be cos- 

 pi etely sheltered from rain, and where noreflecedsunlwa 

 from water, buildings, rock% or dry soil can react i 

 Delcros, in the M Annuaire Me r e >rologique de la Prata' 

 recommends the thermometers for external teinperiteri S 

 be placed not less than 30 centimetres, or about afoo: ha 

 the wall ; but adds that an open space is to be preferred if 

 fully agree with htm; and would advise you to plactta 

 on a piece of liwn; the one for registering the mriail 

 temperature in the shade, about i feet from tbe grtM 

 screened from the «un't rays, but exposed to free cirjaM 

 of air ; there should be one for the minimum temperatots 

 the shade, another for the maximum in the sao, aw eaess 

 these should be about a foot from the ground. The i MS. 

 meter should be- placed exactly perpendicular, w wMW» 

 will not be liable to be affected by currents of air and wm 

 changes of temperature. The rain gaufp should tmn 

 the ground. We believe the arrangement ab f "*T 

 out is the simplest and most coi rect you can adopt mm 



objects you have in view.y „„*Rt1r 



Names of Plants : Ipomcea. You are called Q iam **J 



your countrymen in Mexico, but as we do not uoa«s» 



Mexican, we'must "refer you to them ^jJ^ruieMiif' 

 -* CR. Cephalanthera en.lfolU.-r P. W^ 



how it diffrs from the common 

 very variable plant.— Halifax. Hakeapugi 



onifonnU.-*^ 



Sempervivum villosum, Nicotiana undulata 



F hich slopes 



formed la the autumn of 1849. The field had 



Roses : M D says 



sum, wieoua"* uiiu— — t t,»-irf 



My garden, which ^P^^JS 



beeato«*f 

 ested. l- 



an excellent crop of Wheat, which was jasthsrjaj^ 

 the flower borders were trenched 2 feet ceep, 

 rich brownish loam, varying from 1 to ? '^^M ?** 

 what is called here ■ Coome Rock ' (a nc ^ a gJ^ 

 beneath which is a thick bed of c^ fc t J b f 'n 0!l 5lr»; 

 and situation, canyon kindly explain J^^d 



■ 



«0 1 



I planted, in 1819, about 60 ««• »«^ mrU** 

 dtvarfa ; these were ob-ained from V^]*££, *|, d 

 were good healthy plants. Last J«f .*"?,*-,,, loi* 

 flowered very freely for the first J««i ™" 'uiil* 

 the majority of the flowers are »«»""* be ,*« * 

 panjinjj ap.cimen-tbe buds being hard « ^ 

 composed of an agglomeration ot green ^ « 



petals. I should mention, that most o : clj - 



planted without manure. Can jou «■« ^,, 1 

 this ! and, still more, can you nigM ^ 



dwarfs hare, on the whole, saflVreJ lm«* ^ „«£ 

 standards." The centres of 4*W* „ e ^m 

 into leaves in the usual way. Of the «•« 



i 



Vines : ZZZ. 



•s ago can be tl 



likely that in your wet '^d the root ha ^ ^ 

 of, our drain tiles ; more hkelystm Your**, 



unskilful manajtement-CtowtoB. &" bw « £*, 

 not seem to ail much. Probably, tbey D >,«£ 

 one time in a very warm, damp .fJHnd mach t»o«^ 



i 



Ik 



*> 



opinion, can any correspondent , nru „ing *« «^- 1- 



" We do not believe that prw a S uJ(4 »*f 



jears ago can be the cause of fine oM pUnt^^ ^ 



ton of Grapes, having this year but •«» ^bewrfr* 



Mi 



,7E*JC *«" PV» n V- ta h ,ou e»«^/Sw 

 ntago coronopus), of which , you c^ , n dbfl»!- 



t:*'T D G* We^fetl Ked bythepsP"*' 00 



con 

 1 



SEEDLIS N G ot F 'o°7oo^ ^ 

 Beginner. Hot so s 







«*** 



^«!^St» 



Calceolaktas : 



already out. * 



Pansy: PP. Dried up.* 



Pelargoniums : ^^.^V^T'ghoelesveo"- v^^ 

 flower. •- W D. A nice ho"^*?^! dropped J °* \** 

 trusser. *- T B. The P^^* h ,d us. Jff*r> 

 together when your P a J^ a « e J'pected to tr^l f ^ 

 placed in a W can **"**£& to V* ce > ( ^ * _v 



Some of the petals exhibited gr ^ bett0 r 



Roses : W W. A good Ho ^ « ^ 



the same class now in w"^ 10 ^ Pria ce»» ^ 

 esbenas: WD. Not fo good •• 



mdi* 



others. * 













