

THE AGRICULTURAL GA 



1 



Kl VI AN UUANO. t „ to „,_ 



ru AGRICULTURISTS. 



that uMMfc. adulteration! ol ttali 

 ^ CI |^.UIIc»r««don, - AS TnE 



.,/l I PoitKRfi TOF PERUVIAN GLAN'O 

 OSLT I * «y»i «■" h IVruviao Government and 



* * "£.*« Z r£2m«d Farmer, and all other, who 





D 



„ b ,U>«b*it 



^ ^ ba, ^*«feM& price at vhich sound Peru rian 



oeem ,old by them during the last two years 

 *■., Jr^ ten. fes* 2i per cent. 



"»„ «iS*»»de byDialer. at a lower price must therefore 

 bare R lo %i 



,0 AND 



lo th em, or the article mmt be adulterated 



OTHER MANURES.— Peruvian 



atf^ofVhe finest quality; Superphosphate of Lime; 

 - _*fglt- Nitrate of Sod. ; Moff *i's Patent Concentrated 

 •ffSLTTMRnare, and all others of known value.— Apply to 

 ft LTfoti wo »"-**», U poer Thames-s t roe*. Landau 



RTIFICIAL MANURES. - PRIVATE IN- 



aTRrCTlONS In Chemical Analysis snd the most ap- 

 ^ J*bod. of making Arti6cial Manures are Riven by 

 ^PllMiT, F C.8.. F.G.S., at the Laboratories, Scientific 

 •a.Y-/ •* Keonington-lane, London. 

 •gJiof Soils, Manures, Minerals, Ac, performed as 



M.WlAGTON'S PATENTED AuiuCUL- 



TUIiAL IMPLEMENTS. Ihese Patents ban- « been 

 Withdrawn from a tirm under the name of 1'ifaci and ( ► , 

 in consequence of the unsatisfactory manner m wi h the 

 inventions have been carried out, and th* imperfect state in 

 wh ch the implements have been manufactured, have been 

 a-sUned to Mr. Gabriel, C.E , 4c, of the Surrey Chambers, 

 Arundel-street, Strand, London; agriculturists are infor red 

 that specimens of the Implements, viz.— The Hand Cu\ ivators, 

 Dibbles. Hand and Horse Drills, Manure PU'riWors, tiajrie- 

 horse Ploughs, die, can be Feen there, as well as in the 

 Agr cultural Implement Department in the GREAT EXHI- 

 BITION, HYDE PARK. N B, The Patent Dibble obtained tne 

 Prize awarded by the Royal Agricultural Society at Norwich 

 in 1849. Improvements have recently been made in the Drop 

 Drills and Manure Distributors; they are lighter, can be 

 turned round with ease, and there is a contrivance for stopping 

 the escape of the seed at pleasure.— Catalogues, wirh engrav- 

 ings of the Implements, and numerous Testimonials, can be 

 obtained upon application at the Surrey Chambers, Arundel- 

 street, Strand, London. 



if a cheaper mode of distributing it could be devised 



win I 



of tl 



oil) m declare as 



lEixt agricultural <&mttt. 



SATURDA Y, JUNE 28, 1851. 



o 

 o 





 



oa moderate tet ms. 



*\URbS. The following Manures are manu- 

 factured «l Mr. Liwei'i Factory, Deptford Creek : 



Clover Minure, per ton £11 



Torntp Manure, do « jj 



fMTphosphate of Lime * o 



SXtiur Add and CoproUtes ... ... a 



0fflce,«9, King William-street, City, London, 

 ff B Peruvian Guano, guaranteed to contain 16 per cent 



■■■mris w. i«t. p« r t° n ; and for 5 ton8 or more » w - b9, per 



S iti Hock, JJutphateof Ammonia, Ac. ____ 



riMiE LONDON MANURE COMPANY beg to 



X^fftf, as under, CORN MANURE, most valuable for 



MEETINGS FOR THE TWO FOLLOWING WEEKS. 



Wedh.rdat, July 2 - Agricultural Society of England. 

 TuikIdai, — 3— Africultural Imp. Soc. of Ireland. 

 Hid!iisdit, — 9-AKricuUuml Society of Kn«laud. 

 TuuiiDii, — 10 -Agricultural Imp. Soc. of Ireland. 



of 



ifae dressing— Concentrated Urate, Superphosphate of Lime, 

 Fitrsuof Sods, Sulphate of Ammonia, Fishery and Agricul- 

 tural Salts Gypsum, Fossil Bones, Sulphuric Acid, and every 

 •tber Artificial Manure ; also a constant supply of English 

 sad Foreign Linsee4-cake. Peruvian Guano, guaranteed the 



Snuine importation of Messrs. A. Gibbs and Sons, 91. 10#. per 

 n or 9/. 4s. In quantities of 5 tons and upwards. 

 1 Edward Posses, Secretary. 



4<r, Bridge-street, Blackfriars. London. 



SHALE MANURE.— The Bituminous Shale Com- 

 psny can now supply Pulverised Shale Ashes in sacks at 

 %. \0$. per ton, delivered at any station or branch line of the 

 Soath. Western Railway, and at the Terminus, Nine Elms. 



Toil valuable Manure is at once cheap, durable, and fer- 

 taaslar, and will be found to be superior to all others for 

 Grain, Grans, an 1 Root crops. 



A lin.ular property of this Manure is that it entirely pre 

 rants the ravages of the Fly in Turnips and Hops ; it is also 

 ltterly destructive of the Wire- worm. 



Order* to be addressed to the Bituminous Shale Company, 

 145, Upper Thames-street, London, where also testimonials 

 from the first agriculturists of the «lay may be obtained. 



ALoear-oN Pollo ck, Secretary. 



A NTHONY'S PATENT AMERICAN CHURN 



-*V has obtained a Prize at every Agricultural meeting at 

 which it has been exhibited ; and the Proprietors have sold j 

 ffpwsrds of 2000 in one year, and received from all parts of 

 England the highest testimonials in its favour both as to the 

 short time required, the quantity and quality of the Butter 

 made, a copy of which testimonials, with prices, will be for- 

 warded on application to Bosoe«s and Key, 103, Newgate- 

 itrset, S ole Agents to the Proprietor. 



HOSE FOR LIQUID MANURE, Fire-engines, 

 and agricultural purposes, made of canvass, lined and 

 coated with gutta percha ; it Is about one-third the price of 

 lesther or india-rubber, will convey liquids of all kinds under 

 a heavy pressure ; it is extensiTely used at the Government 

 public works, also by the navy, and amongst agriculturists, 

 giving universal satisfaction. Testimonials and prices may be 

 obtaiaed of Messrs. Burgess and Key, 103, Newgate-street, sole 

 manufacturers.— London Agents : Messrs. Deane, Dray, and 

 Deane, Swan-lane ; Messrs. Tilley, Blackfriars-road.— Country 

 .Agents: Messrs. Ransome and Parsons, Ipswich; Messrs. J. 

 sad S. Johnson, Liverpool; Messrs. Dickson, Hull; Mr. S. 



Wilson. Agent for Scot' and. 



HOSE ! HOSE ! ! HOSE ! ! ! Improved Canvas 

 Hose. Lined and Coated with Gutta Percha for Liquid 

 inure, Fire Engines, Garden and Farm purposes. — This 

 Il>se is greatly improved. The rigidity of seam avoided, the 

 flexibility increased, the waterproof qualities extended, the 

 price more reasonable. Much research and trial by the Manu- 

 facturers, has enabled them to arrive at what they consider a 

 per c ect Hose, Improved Gutta Percha Union Joints of all sises 

 Gutta Percha in all its branches.— Apply to Messrs. Mitchell 

 and Co.. 9*, High Hoi born, London ; International Depot for 

 Patented and other Inventions. 



L — — 



P01 WATERING GARDENS, DISTRIBUTING LIQUID 



MANURE, BREWERS' USE, Ac. 

 PATENT VULCANISED INDIA-RUBBER HOSE-PIPES 



AND FLEXIBLE GAS TUBING. 



JAMES LYNE HANCOCK (sole Licensee and) 

 Manufacturer, Goswell Road, London, 

 These Pipes are well adapted for Watering Gardens, con- 

 veying L quid Manure, racking Beer and Cider, for portable 

 Gas Lamu*. and all purposes where a perfectly sound Water- 

 proof and -'lexible Pipe is required. Hot Liquors or Acids do 

 sot injure them ; they are, therefore, much used for Chemical 

 purposes, ai they require no oil or dressing when out of use ; 

 arepirticularly suitable for Fire Engines, and are found ex- 

 eeedingly use r ul in dwelling-houses for conveying Hot or Cold 

 Wa-erto Baths, Ac. 



Testimonials and prices may be bad on application to the 

 Manufactory, 



K.B. — Vulcanised India Rubber Garden Hose, fitted up with 

 «oses, Jets, and Branches complete, with union joints ready 

 to attach to pumps or water cisterns. 



All Letters or Orders addressed to J. L. Hancock, Goswell 

 Mews, Goswell Road, London, will meet with immediate 

 attention. 



Waterproof Fishing Boots and Stockings, Portable India- 

 ttubber Boats, Shower and Sponging Baths, Air Cushions and 

 geds, made all sises to order 



TDURE WATER raised to any height from a small 



A stream, where a fall can be obtained, by FREEMAN ROE 

 snd HANSON' IMPROVED RAM; less waste, by two-thirds, 

 man those ordinarily in use. Portable Steam Engines for 

 Agricultural purposes, Threshing Machines, Deep-well Pumps, 

 Watar.whee's, Baths, Hot-water Apparatus, and Fountains. 

 Towns supplied with Gas or Water. Drawings and Estimates 

 mads.— Fauna* Ros and Hawbon, Hydraulic and Gas Engi- 

 : Office, 70, Strand, London. 



The high price of guano, reduced as it is to one 

 half of what it w li a few years ago, has been com- 

 plained of by some writers in tjjis journal, and 

 defended by others. The complainants attribute it 

 to monopoly on the part either of the Peruvian 

 Government, who are the proprietors, or of Messrs. 

 Gibbs and Co., the importers, their agents. Some 

 invoke the diplomacy of the foreign office; and there 

 are not wanting those who would have it demanded 

 under the guns of Admiral Pakkkr. We can only 

 say that they who are dissatisfied with guano at its 

 present price have other resources. It is curious t 

 observe how in this matter the farmers encourage 

 the foreigner and neglect native industry. We 

 import guano to the value of more than a million 

 annually, and waste home-made manure of as good 

 or better quality, to the value of many millions 

 We do not here allude to those black pools with 

 which even now, alter all that science and practice 

 have taught and done, during the last 10 years, e 

 . | still to be seen in the majority of farm-yards, where 



s of the dark 



they serve as temporary receptacl 

 porter-like-looking fluid, till it suits the convenience 

 of the farmer to turn it into the nearest stream, or 

 form nurseries of typhus for the neighbourhood, if it 

 should not be W fortunate as to possess a stream 

 into which it can be turned. Our remarks apply 

 to the sewage of towns and the mine of wealth 

 which it contains, richer than those of Calilornia, 

 if our capitalists could but be inspired with suffi- 

 cient confidence in its value to undertake the work- 



>v means 01 ma water cart ; 

 the results of their practical experience, that even 

 thus applied they find it the cheapest and most 

 efficacious manure which they Can use. It is suffi- 

 cient for our purpose that there exists in the sewage 

 of towns a vast quantity of valuable manure which 

 can only be used in the liquid state. Its profitable 

 application depends on the following questions : the 

 ost at which it can be conveyed from the towns to 

 the rural districts, the cost of distributing it over 

 the farm when placed within reach of the cultivator, 

 and the value of the manure when thus rendered 

 available. To all these questions satisfactory 

 answers can be given. To begin with the cost of 

 conveyance into the country. It is calculated by 

 experienced engineers, that sewage water may be 

 raised by the steam engine 150 feet, and forced 

 through iron pipes in the way the supplies of water 

 are brought to most large towns, and thus conveyed 

 and sold with a profit at 2^/. the ton, after being 

 conveyed in Jjiis manner 14 miles. The practice 

 of the water companies of the metropolis confirms 

 these calculations. The supply of water to London 

 is not conducted in the most economical manner. 

 Under the competition system we have three or 

 four expensive establishments laying three or four 

 sets of mains down every street, where one set of 

 mains and one set of superintendents would suffice. 

 The consumers are burthened with the extra 

 expense attendant on such a system, and yet under 

 these disadvantages the contractors for watering the 

 metropolitan roads resort to the standing pipes of 

 the water companies as the cheapest source of 

 supply. They pay 80*. for 100 tons, and at this 

 rate they find the water costs only one-half of the 

 mere labour of pumping it from wells provided for 

 their use at convenient distances by the road side. 

 It would be an insult to the understanding of our 

 readers to remark that foul water can be conveyed 

 out of a town, at as low a rate, by the same means, 

 as pure water, or water professing to be pure, is con- 

 veyed into it. The water companies, again, have 

 furnished us with practical proof that the cheapest 

 mode of removing* refuse is in a state of suspension 

 in water. The West Middlesex Water Company 

 were about to contract for the removal of the 

 ilt which had accumulated for 8 or 10 years in 

 their reservoir at Kensington. The cost of remov- 



deposit, which covered nearly an acre, 



have been 400/. It occurred, how- 



of the officers, before the contract 



ing 

 was 



this 



ever 



to 

 to 



was accepted, that the cleansing might be better 

 effected by stirring up the silt, mixing it with water, 

 and then cutting an outlet in the main-pipe, by 



The 



ing of it ; if the crotchets and individual interest 



which prevail in municipal bodies would permit its ^ ^^ ^ _ 



application, and if the prejudices of farmers in favour | D ^ t ^een 4ol' and 50/. 

 of the exclusive use of solid manure, as of all other ' 



which the water was conveyed to London, 

 experiment was tried, and the refuse was removed 



way 



in 



this 



in 



th 



ree 



or four days, at a cost of 

 The reservoir is now cleaned 



established usages, would allow them to profit by 

 the treasure when placed within their reach. 



The greatest obstacle to be encountered in the 

 application of the sewage of towns to the land 

 consists in this, that a large preliminary outlay of 

 capital for pipe3 and steam-engines is required to 

 convey it from localities where it is not only worth- 

 less but a nuisance, to others where it would become 

 valuable ; and that if companies were formed to 

 undertake this outlay, they would run great risk of 

 sinking their money unprofitably,from the reluctance 

 of farmers and landowners to adopt anything new. 

 This prejudice against the use of liquid manure is 

 not likely to be diminished by a dictum which has 

 recently issued from a quarter deservedly looked 

 upon as of high authority in agricultural matters, 

 that liquid manure is a pretty toy, but solid dung 

 is for farming in earnest. 



With all deference we would remind Mr. Pusey, 

 who has uttered this sweeping condemnation on 

 manure in the form to which it must be reduced 

 before plants can take it up, that very few years have 

 elapsed since the use of guano and other portable 

 manures was denounced in terms equally decisive 

 and authoritative by practical men, the denunciation 

 being generally clenched by the reply of the Scotch 

 farmer to Lord Kames, "that he who carried manure 

 to the field in his waistcoat pocket, ran great risk of 

 | bringing home the crop in the pocket of his coat." 

 We shall not enter into the general question whether 

 manure is best applied in the solid or the liquid 

 form. On this, as on every point of practice in 

 agriculture, there is the usual difference of opinion 

 and the usual amount of discordant facts or reputed 

 facts. In every farmer's club in which the subject 

 is discussed, at least a dozen speakers will be found 

 on each side of the question. One set describe the 

 splendid crops which they obtained by the use of 

 liquid manure, the other declares that they have 

 tried it in all forms, on all soils, to all crops, at all 

 seasons, and have either found it useless or positively 

 injurious. Some admit the value of liquid manure, 



in no other way ; and the sediment washed into the 

 common sewer. 



The evidence as to the cost of distribution over 

 the farm is equally satisfactory ; whether as regards 

 the capital required for the distributing apparatus, 

 or the labour necessary to apply the manure de- 

 livered by the pipes laid down under the land. 

 There are two farms on which this mode of dis- 

 tributing liquid manure has been successfully used ; 

 the farm of Mr. Huxtable, in Dorsetshire, and that 

 of Mr. Kennedy, of Myre-mills, in Ayrshire. Both 

 are equally satisfactory ; Mr. Huxtable, however, is 

 an amateur farmer, and therefore we pass .over his 



of which we have been 



operations, of the 

 eye-witnesses, for those of the more practical Mr. 

 Kennedy, and the report of the practical men 

 deputed by the Berwickshire Farmers' Club, to 

 examine the merits of the system. The propriety 

 of applying all the manure of the farm in the liquid 

 form, which is Mr. Kennedy's object, the depu- 

 tation left an open question. It is a question, 



on which Mr. Kennedy himself main- 



moreover 



tains a prudent reserve, merely declaring that, 

 as far as his experience has gone, he is satisfied with 

 it. The report of the deputation however was de- 

 cisive as to the economy of the mode adopted at 

 Myremill for distributing that portion of the farm- 

 yard manure which is naturally liquid ; and which 

 in ordinary practice is for the most part wasted. 

 The farm consists of 400 statute acres. Capacious 

 and substantial tanks have been built, a stream of 

 water has been brought a mile for the purpose of 

 diluting the manure, and iron pipes have been laid 

 over the whole farm. The cost of the collecting 



exceed 



30*. 



and distributing apparatus does not 

 an acre. A steam engine of 12 horse power, which 

 performs the threshing, winnowing, grinding, chaff 

 cutting, and other ordinary operations of the farm, 

 forces the liquid manure through the pipes into the 

 fields. One stand-pipe is sufficient for 10 acres; 

 and from this, by means of a gutta percha hose, one 

 man to direct the jet, and a boy to assist in moving 



