26— J" l 



THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 



411 



T Zmw* < b« cluuutT « r bottom d the kiln. Z<im«/ 2>rawi c Co»- .-—In ilu- leading article of ago I mirchai- 1 ot you one of Aiitliony's 1>. 



•hich •'" e P'P«» "^ P 1 *' • " 1:, y eitlier ** J'our ]..iper.]ublislKil on batunlay last, you alluded to the Acting American churns; my all dairy was then 



constructed of nre-bi ks, or it may be 



greeu : ricks each time of burning. In the among 



General Land J >rainage and Improvement Compa -, and managed by a very obst inate rvant, who hated 

 amongst other sensible remarl erring to the difficulty novelties, and you are well awar hat 1 was at first 



bricks are thown with vaeanch s left to 



equally liroughout the kiln. It will 



Ihit the fire- holes which run from the 



to centre are formed by these means, and that 

 top of the chequer the pipes are placed in a 

 - * d -i nation; the large pipes are of course filled in 

 ^dJJ fjT of .smaller dimensions, both to economise 



to prevent the fire drawing through them too 



^C'cott of a kiln of the dimensions given, taking the 



»t a reasonable price, will not exceed 30/., 



and expeiice attendant on the borrowing of the Govern- 

 ment money for drainage purposes, you state, in 

 reply to the letter of your correspondent signed m A 

 Tenant for Life/' that if the existing Drainage Companies 

 can relieve land-owners from the trouble, risk, and 

 uncertainty of obtaining funds for the improvement of 

 their estates, " this information would be of quite as 

 much practical value as a detail of the expenses inci- 

 dental to a Government loan." As a Director of the 

 General Land Drainage and Improvement Company, 1 

 am enabled to assure you that such is the object of our i 



Under the powers of our Act of Parliament 



much disappointed with it; but 1 have now great 

 pleasure, alter some experience of the merits of the 

 churn, in adding my tt imony to its j. at value. 

 Insti I of my servant being put out of temper as 

 heretofore by turning the old-fashioned barrel churn 

 from half an hour at least to sometimes an hour and 

 a half, and being surprised with bad butter as the 

 result of all her labour, I now can depend upon 

 obtaining the first-rate butter in 10 or 12 minutes. 



Charles 



Ma rcji. t ts, Iluni ingdon, 

 the letter of 



"On 

 corre- 



hould include bricks, lime, labour, and iron Company. Under the p 



;it will be exclusive of tue fire-bricks required we are not only enabled to advance money for draining, 



such 



mm * permanent bottom or chequer. 

 Wte need hardly remark, that in the introduction of a 

 kind of kiln, 8 ich as the one described, among brick 

 tile-makers, who cannot be expeeted at onjre to fall 

 fa with or see the merits of, a thing Vhich they perceive 

 far the' fits* time in their lives, or to which they have 

 Ml been accustomed, it is perhaps the most advisable 

 pfaB to procure a respectable man who has had expe- 

 llee in its working ; and with his assistance business is 

 mt likely, to go on smoothly than amongst strangers. 



but we also have power granted to us to erect sj 

 farm buildings as may be required to meet the present 

 improved system of husbandry, a power which is enjoyed 

 by no other Company, and to which the Government 

 loans do not extend. We have entered into contracts, 

 and are about to commence operations, in making roads, 

 in draining, and in erecting new farm offices, and also 

 in improving old buildings, and I feel convinced, when the 

 existence of our Company, and the powers which have 

 been granted to it by Act* of Parliament, become more 



generally known, that 

 landowners will eagerly 

 take advantage of the 



of trouble and 



is thus 



April 14." 

 Huntingdon 

 similarly situated in 

 to a friend (who was 

 managed to make it 



reading tne letter oi your 



spondent, I began to think I was 



regard to a dairy-maid, so I sent 



anxious about it) the churn ; he 



answer as regards time and the excellence of the butteiy 



this acted as a stimulus to my dairy-maid, and since its 



return I have succeeded in the same way, and have much 



pleasure in bearing testimony to ite merits. A nne A lien* 



Wenggwnd Gleu, near Llangolha, 3d May , 1851." 



We have also received the following: — A corre- 



spondent enquires, now that the American churn mania 

 is over, that some one will perhaps give an account of 

 its merits.— The merits of this churn are in a nut-shell ; 

 aa a churn for amateur 



saving 



ex pence, which 



held out to them, instead 



of being satisfied with the 



dairymen, it will answer 

 remarkably well up to 6 lbs., but there its merits end. 



To that size it can be depended on to produce butter in 



from 10 to 15 minutes, but there i> no alvantago of 



quantity or quality over i Baker's,' or any other loose 



churn, and, in fine, it is extravagant. In large sizes 



it is useless. I have tried it carefully, and in fact* was 



hold- hard policy sug- most desirous to find a good working churn to supersede 

 ested by the * Tenant the old barrel, which 1 have used for 20 years* I took 



or Life." Any in forma- J much pains to arrive at such a conclusion ; but, after 



many repeated trials, was compelled to return to the 

 old one. I cannot account for the mania, in any other 

 way than by supposing that the manner in which it was 



brought out had something to do with the mania, for, 

 on its own merits, it cannot rest. It has obtained a 

 prize or two, but really we old hands begin to think 

 little of these rewards of merit. An Essex Farmer. 



„ tkrovgh Kiln— a a, chequer forming fire-holes, and upon which the pipes are placed. 

 Tfcert should be 10 fire holes running from the outbide to the centre of the kiln, and openings 

 forihispurj^se are left through the wall in building the kiln ; these should be 10 inches wide 

 on the ou'Mde, decreasing to 6 inches in the inside of the wall. It is advisable that the fire-holes 

 ibeuld be built with fire-bricks. 



Home Correspondence. 



Do Labourers need Strong Brink ?— In your number of 



the 7th, is a communication from " Falcon," on the 



prevalence of drunkenness and drinking habits, more 



especially among the labouring classes, and stating that 



"were surely must be some means of checking the 



prevalence of tippling." No doubt there is a means at once 



simple, economical, and effectual, and that, is, not to 



drink intoxicating liquors at all. Every other means, as 



far as society at large is concerned, has failed, and will 



continue to fail, and the only wonder is, that any sensible 



or observant individual, viewing the weakness and 



sensuality of human nature on the one hand, and the 



insidiously tempting nature of alcoholic liquors on the 



other, should expect anything but failure. If then, the 



continuance of manufacturing and using these drinks, is 



to subject us to the fearful evils to which " Falcon " has 



briefly alluded, but which it would be all but impossible 



adequately to describe, it becomes a matter of no trifling 



interest, to enquire how far such articles are necessary 



for carrying on the operations of agriculture, for which 



purpose they are still considered essential by many of 



those who are en *d in farming. Considering how 



heavily the evils arising out of our drinking customs fall 



upon the farmer, in the shape of poor and county rates, 



accidents to men and horses, abused or neglected cattle, 



tion respecting the ex- 

 penses to be incurred in 

 employing the Company, 

 may be obtained of tjie 

 Secretary, at the office, 

 No. 52, Parliament- 

 street, London. It is a 

 sad, but no less un- 

 doubted fact, that a large 

 portion of the drainage 

 which has been done in 

 this country, has been 

 carried out so badly, that 

 the land had to be 

 drained a second time. 



The object of the General Land Drainage and Improve- 

 ment Company, is to provide an efficient staff of drainers, 



&c., to whom the landowners may look for the proper 



execution of such works, instead of the ignorant bailiff 



or village drainer ; although in cases where the land- 

 owner himself understands the work to be done, or has 



a steward or bailiff capable of carrying it out, we are 



ready to leave the execution to the landowner or his 



agent, subject only to the Company's supervision, the 



plans being furnished by the Company. The whole 



subject of good draining and the improvement of land 



having become more than ever so important and 



national a question, I make no apology for thus 



troubling you. John Villiers Shell* y, Mare*jield Park, 



Sussex, June 18. 



The V"hie of an Acre of Hoots.—"!?." advocates 

 sowing Turnips in squares rather than drills ; this is 

 reverting to broadcast under another name. The great 

 advantage of rows over broadcast or squares consists, I 

 think, in admitting a less obstructed passage of air, and 

 on this freedom from stagnation perhaps depends the 

 growth of plants more than is suspected. Certainly, if a tion 



plant depended for its food solely on what it could draw tables, a towel-horse, and doll's bedstead and furniture,, 

 by its roots from the soil, it would appear more made by a boy. A band of music attended, and the 

 rea nable that it should be placed so as to draw this j farmers and principal inhabitants subscribed to give 

 food most equally all around it ; but it is not so, a II tea and cake to all the women and children, and bread 



Village Industrial Club.— On Friday last, June 13th, 

 the first meeting of a Village Industrial Club was held 

 at Eydon, in the county of Northampton. The object 

 of this Club is to promote habits of industry in the 

 cultivation of land, skill in handiwork, personal and 

 household cleanliness, and good moral conduct among 

 the inhabitants. At this meeting was exhibited, in the 

 schoolrooms, a show J of flowers, vegetables, needle- 

 work, and works of ingenuity, which far surpassed the 

 most sanguine expectation of the promoters of the Club. 

 The manner in which the room was decorated with 

 flags and wreaths of. flowers (the willing gifts of the 

 inhabitants), displayed great skill and considerable taste. 

 The anticipation of pleasure and benefit from the esta- 

 blishment of the Club is so great, that the inhabitants 

 appeared to be animated with but one spirit of endea- 

 vouring to do all they could to celebrate the first 

 meeting. In the Club, which is only just formed, there 

 are already 150 members : these have free entry to the 

 show, and other persons pay 6d. or 2d. 9 according to 

 their station ; and although the morning was not pro- 

 pitious, 2/. 15s. 0^d. were taken at the doors. One 

 hundred and twelve articles were exhibited, and 3D 

 prizes given. The money value of the prizes is very 

 small, but with each is given a particularly neatly 

 printed card, with an appropriate device. Of needle- 

 work, the marked feature was patch-worked quilts, 

 made by the school children, which, for arrangement of 

 colours and device of pattern, excited general admira? 



Among the articles of ingenuity were three 



believe th< same number of plants, moderately proximate 



■lighted labour, and grumbling labourers, &c, I have in wide rows, would give a return fully equal to the same 



I need not sav that the 



been surprized that the subject has not been more often 

 alluded to in the columns of the Gassette, not so much in a 

 moral, as in an economical point of view, for surely these 

 **e times in which no means of improving the moral and 

 physical condition of the employed, or of lessening the 

 inconveniences and cost of cultivation to the employer, 

 ought to be neglected. Permit me then to state to such 

 of your readers as need the information, that it is now 

 proved, by long and extensive experience, that the most 

 arduous labour, either at the workshop orJhe field, can 

 be performed not only as well, but better on the average, 

 without intoxicating drinks than with them ; indeed, I 

 presume very few but ignorant or ill-informed persons 

 ^dl venture to question the truth of this statement. 

 w Hh th e important facts before us, viz , that intoxi- 

 cating drinks are not necessary to persons in health, 

 whatever their occm tion, that the use of them leads to 



number of plants in squares ; 1 neea not say 

 rows would afford greater facilities for working the 

 ground. I have myself, experimentally, and also without 

 any ulterior views, Potatoes both in drills and in squares 

 on both a small and a large scale for many years, and 

 found no advantage in the squares over the rows ; 

 and indeed, under peculiar tillage, I have found drills 

 yield much heavier crops than I ever get from squares. 

 The growth of the roots is promoted by every thing that 

 gives a previous^encouraciement to the. development of 

 the leaves. /. Af. Good iff, Gramrd. 



American Churn. — On looking: over the "Notices to 



Correspondents" in your Paper, 14th June, we find your 

 corespondent m M.J. 11," wishes to have a candid opinion 

 of the American Churn. Although w T e are the agents for 

 the proprietors, yet we hope you will excuse our troubling 



4 , you with copies of a few letters recently received from 



*&ind< rihable amount of misery and crime^ for which disinterested parties who have had the churn in use 



the farmer has largely to pay, it may well occupy a few 

 P*g*s of the Gazette, to discuss the propriety of con- 

 tain g the custom, as a mere matter of £ s. d. The 

 ^ahghtened Christian philanthropist need not hesitate 

 in pronouncing a judgment upon the wisdom or 

 f Mmanity of dc roying every year millions of bushels 

 ot wholesome food, to deluge the country with needless 

 ^ptations, under which thou^an continue to fall, and 

 •IT this to gratify one sensual appetite, which in the lonir- 

 ^ rather lessens tl n increases the intell 

 **ial enjoyments of life. 

 •**•, 1 861 . 



5 



ual and 



$1 Bou , Gloucester ; 167/ 



for some time, in addition to which we have just re- 

 ceived a note from Lord Camoys, in which he states, 

 as follows : — « I have had one of your churns in use 

 for some time and it answers perfectly ;" we could also 

 show you numerous other testimonials in its favour, but 

 these being recent ones, we think them more satisfactory, 

 we shall be happy at any time to show you the originals 

 of these letters, or if your correspondent should be 

 visiting London we shall be happy to show them to 

 him, or if he will supply us with some cream we shall 

 be happy to show him the churn in operation. Burgess 

 and A /. 103, Ni gate-street, London. "About a year 



and cheese and a pint of beer to the men, of which more 

 than 450 partook. In the evening the whole party, 

 with several of the neighbouring gentry and farmers^ 

 joined in the dance. At 10 o'clock u God Save the 

 Queen," and u Rule Britannia," was sung, and the party , 

 broke up, having spent a day that all classes felt has 

 done much to strengthen the feeling of good fellowship 

 and unity among them. Win. Grijjin, Eydon, Davtntry* 



Pork. — I am in the habit of fatting pigs for London, 

 and I have been accustomed to use Barley-meal, but the 

 price of Barley having advanced, I have been induced 

 to use Lentils ; but am uncertain how this food will act 

 with the pork as to colour. Can any one give this in- 

 formation ? A. B. 



Land Drain ie Companies. — Having noticed some 

 observations in the Gazette, in reference to the supposed 

 difficulties and expense attendant on borrowing money 

 of Government under the general Drainage Act by 

 tenants for life, I can bear testimony to the attention of 

 the Inclosure Commissioners to applications, and to the; 

 economy of their proceedings. Having undertaken for 

 a friend to superintend the drainage of a farm of which 

 he w T as tenant for life, and finding individuals indisposed 

 to lend money for the purpose, involving repayment by 

 periodical instalments, I was, after some misgivings from 

 past proceedings in Government offices, induced to apply 

 for a Treasury loan through the Inclosure Commis- 

 sioners in the course of last winter. The drainage has 

 been effected, certified by their surveyor, and the amount 

 of the certificate paid over by the Treasury, and the 

 total charge on the part of the commissioners was rather 

 under 3 per cent, upon the outlay, which included the 



