424 



THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 



tiou," lie says, * might be called bulhl annul, tubcra 

 annua ; the tubers of the second section, anl the bulbs 

 of the subsection (a), blcnnes, ami the bulbs of the sub- 

 section (0), perennes; hut if objection be made to talking of 

 a p« >nni;d plant, with an annual or perennial bulb, the 

 word prcev> i ns or prceventiiius may be applied to the 

 productions of the first section ; the second section will 

 then contain bulbi rdicti, or t libera rdkta (post vm lad ia)> 



and bulbs of the subsection (a) and (0) may be marked cuttings or offsets from the old plants taking care that 

 bv the additions of unius anni or planum an novum, they are free from the green-fly or other insects. Make 



possible means to provide an extensive in-door display 

 of floral beauty for the late autumn months, so as^ to 

 compensate in some measure for the sudden prostration 

 which will then take place in the open garden. Use the 

 syringe more sparingly, except in very fine weather ; 

 and at all times apply it early enough in the day to allow 

 the superabundant moisture to pass off before night. 

 Propagate choice Calceolarias, Cinerarias. &c, by 

 cuttings or offsets from the old plants, taking care that 



this delicacy. 



Horse droppi n <>s~nrr7rT~~ 

 this purpose ; but if a sufficient quantitv' ?*u fen ** 

 procurable, the excrements of sheen I ^ Ae * * * 

 mixed up with them. Until as much \Z ., ^ fe 

 make up a bed of the required s T ze et th ^ * * 

 very thinly on the floor of a dry llry\^ ^ *** 

 once a day to prevent fermentation fLiJi.^ 



State of the Weather near Lond 



from taki^ p£J* 



We must pass ov r the critical examination which fol- 

 lows of the views of previous authors. This, however, 

 we the rather do, as, together with a great part of the 

 general remark^, they have been given to the public by 

 Mr. Henfrey in an English form in his « Botanical Ga- J ™ter and ^early spring, those plant 



It is, however, to be regretted that in this, as 





another sowing of Chinese Primulas, to flower in 

 small pots. 



FORCING DEPARTMENT. 



Having selected, to meet the demand in 



which are now 



Pineries. 



all is straightforward 



showing or flowering, and those which shortly promise 

 to do so, a portion of the strongest and best-rooted of 

 those remaining should be picked out to succeed them ; 

 these should be potted immediately, if they require it, 

 and grown on steadily without any check ; any of the 

 smaller plants which are* in immediate need of potting 

 should also be attended to. Keep up an uninterrupted 

 succession, by planting a few suckers occasionally in a 

 brisk bottom-heat. Where the planting-out system 

 is practised, there is no difficulty in keeping up the 

 succession, if all vacancies are filled up as they 



the best plants that can be selected. 

 Vineries. — As the Black Hamburgh Grape is so 

 liable to shrivel after it 



advisable 



lflC " Wtt f near London, for the we*>k ,„ r , 

 a^Wrvedarthe Horticultural h7r!^ n Q tl^J *> *k 



•wick. 



Baeombtkr. 



occur, with 



zette." 



in some other of his translations, he adheres so closely 



to the idiom of the original, as not only to make them 

 unpleasant to read, but even to render the meaning ex- 

 tremely difficult, though the sense of the author is, as 

 far as mere words are concerned, correctly given. 

 Where the German is occasionally hard enough, when 

 translated into so many equivalent words, it becomes 

 positively obscure without reference to the original, 

 which is manifestly a fault to be most carefully avoided. 



It is with great pleasure that we observe that the 

 Work is quite free from the mystification which is so 

 common in German authors ; 



enough, and we trust that this and some other works 

 which have lately appeared in Germany, are proof that 

 Okenism is getting out of fashion. 



Before concluding we cannot help drawing the atten- 

 tion of our readers to the interesting memoir of M. Clos 

 in Annales de Sc. Nat. for Jan., 1850, on the coll am or 

 space between the ascending and descending axes. He 

 does not, iml I, always take the same view as Irmisch ; 

 and when he differs, is sometimes, we think, clearly in- 

 correct ; for instance, he considers the cormus of Crocuses 

 as a true bulb ; but if this be the case, a Palm trunk 

 must be a bulb too ; the tubercles of Cyclamen he regards 

 as belonging to the coll am, and not being true stems ; 

 and the tubers of Orrhh, in contradiction of their inti- 

 mate structure and mode of development, as leafless 

 branches, though those of £ ranthes are looked upon as 

 roots. The paper, however, is well worth reading in houses should be kept in a healthy state as long as 



Friday.. 

 Satur. .. 



Sunday , 

 Monday 

 Tues. 

 Wed. 



Thurs. . . 



• • 



* • 



27 

 28 



29 



30 

 1 

 2 

 3 



28 



29 



9 



l 



2 



a 



4 



Averasrft . 



Max. Mi 



a 



30.169 



30.14? 

 30. US 



30.124 



30.005 

 29.938 

 30.021 



30.125 



30.137 

 30.126 



30.061 

 29.*99 

 29.851 

 30.013 



TlXVlfcATUli, 



^L^iA!!_yo^rE^ti 



Max. Min. Mean * fo °t * 'feet 



*N 



30.086 30.072 



June 



July 



m ■ 



is ripened, and as it is 

 thereby deteriorated in quality, it is advisable to 

 shade them during very hot sunshine. Where the crops 

 are swelling, let the state of the borders be frequently 

 examined, especially those which are covered with 

 tarpaaling or other material. If the soil is dry, let the 

 surface be carefully loosened with a fork, and watered 

 with liquid manure. Examine the bunches of swelling 

 crops, thin crowded clusters, and remove any small 

 berries, which will spoil the sample if allowed to remain. 

 Peach Houses. — Admit a free circulation of air through 

 all the houses during fine weather ; but where the fruit 

 i-j just ripening, ventilation during the night and in damp 

 weather should be effected by means of the front, 

 keeping the top sashes closed, to prevent damp cold dews 

 from settling on the fruit. The foliage in the early 



37-SliKht dry haze ; excessively hot and dry i C W~ 

 28-Hot and dry ; clear at ni*ht. y tu ' 



29-Hot and dry with brisk east wind- clear anH «„ i . 

 30-Hot and dry ; sightly clouded at ni 2 h? C ° d * ** 



1-Thunder; cloudy; rain, 9—10 a m- 

 uiRht, "■ 



2 -Fine; very fine ; clear at night. 

 3 -Uniformly overcast ; cloudy and fine. 

 Mean temperatur e of the week. 4 deg. a bove the tTera s «. 



State of the Weather at Chiswick, durinjr the last 1\ »..• t , 

 ensuing week.eodW Jul, 6. lSl. OJi "**»*• 



July. 



Suuday 6 



Mod. 7 

 Tues. S 

 Wed. 9 



Thurs. 10 



Friday 11 



I Satur. 12 



•- 



•Is 



► 8 2 





No. of 

 Tears in 



S.5f£ 



64.5 



which it 



<J«^ 



4hh 



Rained. 

 10 



76.4 



52.6 



73.4 



53.2 



63.3 



10 



7o.o 



51.2 



63.1 



13 



73.2 



50.7 



6 .9 



8 



74.6 



51.8 



63.2 



6 



74J3 



52.0 



63.4 



6 



74.4 



51.6 



63.0 



10 



Greatest 

 Quantity 

 of Rain. 



Rootlets dis- 

 only, termi- 



connexion with the larger work of Irmisch, though it is 

 confined to tubers. It may be useful to give M. Clos* 

 arrangement, which is not without interest, especially as 

 Irmisch has confined himself to the tubers of Mono- 

 cotyledons. 



1. Tubcra ra< alio. Tuberous roots, as Carrots, 

 Beet-root, &c, known by the regular series of rootlets 

 which spring from their surface. 



^ 2. Tubera colli, as Coryd s cava, Cyclamen. Void 

 either ot leafs or rootlets on their surface. Root spring- 

 ing from their base. 



3. T hera radkalia et colli. Radish. 



tributed regularly over the lower portion 

 nated above by the Cotyledons. 



4. Tubcra kypomerUkdUiai Begonia, (h 



axillary ; formed of a branch void of leaves and rootlets. 



5. Tubera monomerithallia. Ta m optimums. Base 

 not prolonged into a root, no leaves, or regularly dis- 

 posed rootlets. 



6\ Tubera polymer ithallla. Potato. Comprising many 

 internodes. 



7. Tubera advent itia. Spiranthes. CEnantlie fistalosa. 

 Formed from adventitious roots. 



8. Tubera lenticellaria. Lupinus and many Legu- 

 mino*ce. Scattered tubercular bodies, either on the 

 roots or rootlets. These are described by Bivona Bern- 

 hardt, and after him by Fries, as fungi, though we think 

 most decidedly without reason. 





V 



his. 



Origin 



Calendar of Operations. 



(For the ensuina week.) 



PLANT DEPARTMENT. 



Discontinue stopping the shoots of Yincas, Euphor- 

 bias, Poinsettias, Gesneras, Eranthemums, and other 

 plants of similar habit, which are designed for autumn 

 or winter flowering ; and attend duly to potting, 

 watering, and regulating the heat and moisture. Plenty 

 of light and air are indispensable for the ripenin* of the 

 shoots of these and other plants grown for the same 

 purpose. Amongst these, one of the most useful is the 

 Linum tngynum, which produces large clear yellow 

 flowers m great abundance throughout the winter As 

 the tender kinds of greenhouse plants complete their 

 growth, they may be set by themselves in houses or 

 frames, of which the sashes can be easily put on or 

 removed. In such a situation, they can be freely ex- 

 posed to the sun and air, but at the same time may be 

 covered when the weather is excessively wet. In statin* 

 the plants, they should be so arranged as to shade only 

 the pots of those which are behind them. The hardier 

 kmds of greenhouse plants may be set in the open air 

 without any kind of shading. It is a great mistake to 

 place established plants behind a north 

 portion 



«t«uHHH* piants nelnnd a north wall during any impro 

 of the summer, as if they were taken their Aspar 



possible by syringing, and guarding against insect depre- 

 dators. 



FLOWER GARDEN AND SHRUBBERIES. 



Remove suckers from Rose trees, and stop all gross 

 shoots on the summer flowering kinds. Employ 

 mulching as a means of protecting the soil against 

 evaporation during summer, and especially round 

 standard Roses and other choice shrubs, whose leaves 

 afford little or no shade. Leaf-niould, thoroughly rotted 

 dung, or short Grass, are well adapted as materials 

 for this purpose, particularly the two former, as the 

 soluble ingredients contained therein will be washed 

 downwards in showery weather. After finishing the 

 propagation of Pinks and Carnations, by pipings and 

 layers, proceed ^with other hardy herbaceous plants, 

 as Phloxes, Pansies, Wallflowers, Antirrhinums, Pent- 

 stemons, &c., all which will strike under handlights with 

 the greatest freedom • or even without such assistance, 

 if a shady situation is chosen, and watering is carefully 

 attended to. It is of the first importance to propagate 

 these plants as soon as possible, as time is thereby gained 

 to allow of their being pricked out into nursery beds, 

 where they soon become thoroughly established, and 

 are enabled to endure the winter with very slight 

 protection. The old Linum flavum makes a good 

 yellow bed, continues in flower all the summer, and is 

 perfectly hardy ; it will strike freely if the cuttings are 

 taken before the wood gets too hard. Sow Brompton 

 and Queen Stocks for spring flowering, and intermediate 

 Stocks for autumn. A sowing may also be made for 

 late autumn flowering of some of the hardier annuals, 

 which come very quickly into a flowering state. Very 

 much may be done towards stimulating the growth of 

 weakly plants, and assist the flowering of healthier ones 

 by frequent waterings of liquid manure. It is an expe- 

 ditious and immediately successful mode of increasing 

 the fertility of the soil. Perhaps the flower-garden does 

 not possess more beautiful ornaments during early 

 summer than the Ayrshire and evergreen Roses, 

 worked high on standards, with their branches allowed 

 I to hang down, as Nature dictates. This will be a hint 

 to those who are budding Roses, to select some of the 

 tallest stocks for this purpose ; or, if none of their 

 stocks are large enough for this season's work, some of 

 the strongest should be left unbudded, so that by pruning 

 and liberal treatment, sufficiently high stems may be 

 secured against the proper time next year. 



_. * KITCHEN GARDEN. 



If Asparagus beds are liberally supplied now, and 

 during the next month, with liquid manure from the 

 farm-yard, or soap-suds from the laundry tank with 

 common salt added, it will effect wonders in the way of 

 improving the size and quantity of next year's "^ A - 



-3 1 , 

 3 I— jl? 



3 1 ! 12 



0.59 in. 



0.4& 



0.46 



0.57 



0.36 



0.71 



1.10 



PrmilmjWfcH 



i 



I'- 

 ll 1 1 





Notices to Correspondents. 



Ants : C L H. Plunge the tub in water— in a pond if m 

 please. Let the tub remain under water for an hour. Tb« 

 wash all the earth off the roots, so that theymajb* qofei 

 clean, and then repot in earth in which there are neither 

 ants nor ants' eggs. Take care that the aDts do notescap 

 into the branches of the tree, and then come back agtio. 



Auricula : P C, Ireland. The colour of the outer ring or «to 

 is that which constitutes the class to which Auriculu m 

 referred by florists— as green, grey, and white edged: u 

 outer ring of green, a ring of ground colour, then a ring of 

 paste, and a centre or eye, all bearing due proportion to eieh 

 other, form the standard of, excellence by which the t 

 of a variety is determined.* 



Birds —The "Stone-Chat;" GL. At pige 392, we anstrenl 

 several queries put by our correspondent, with reference to 

 certain birds. The correctness of one of our replies hai aioee 

 been called in question, — we mean that concerning the ttone. 

 chat. "Buchstein," however, to whom we have since hi 

 the curio »i*y to refer, more than confirms what we to* 

 stated. Speaking of the whin-chat, he says : " This u a ddiosk 

 bird. * * It arrives at the commencement of May, aodle*T* 

 us about the end of September. When caught, it is scared; 

 possible to induce them to eat," Of the stone-chat, be re. 

 marks : " This bird leaves us in September, and returns tt 

 the end of May. In habits it resembles the preceding b ri 

 Being a very delicate bird, it requires to be fed upon nightin- 

 gale's food, when in confinement." In calling it a "tender 

 bird, therefore, we apnear to be fully justified. We hire 

 always found it so. W.K. 



Books : P C Ireland. " English Botany," aowerbjs ' BrU» 

 Fungi." Both are very costly works ; there neither 11 n* 

 can be cheap works on such subjects.-*? (?/;. ifle nm 

 volume of the cheap edition of "English Botany. -ij ; 

 Sanders's " Practical Treatise on the Culture of the me, ♦ 

 ■ Const Reader. Loudon's " Suburban Gainer,.* 

 Encyclopedia of Architecture," and Downing i/«igM 

 for Cottage Residences," an American work. , . m 



Guss: S. Hartley's patent rough plate. The sides had bett* 

 be e lazed with the same material 4 „ - . 



Names of Plants: A H. Escalionia ^^ nX ^lA± 

 There is no plant or flower called '« Demerary, * and 1 we fiew 

 no idea what the name can possibly represent.* ' to ^ 

 ticia c&rnea.-F WL The specimens are not in a 1 mm 

 exactly named. They appear to be as wilows. , , 1 ^ 

 arborea J 2, Vaccinium frondosum ; 3. Vacc mum U , ^ 

 cinium fuecatum; 5, Andromeda axillaris M^ ^ 

 cannot be named without flowers.-A few xnquine. 

 over for further consideration. . ff ^ 



Plants in Dwelling Houses: Enquirer. Ttoscp ^ 

 oxygen that grow £«te.t proT ided th ^^ t0 rf 



CI 



light as others that grow slower. But it w u f 



for a solution to this inquiry, because ™P»;£ ha bi»blfc 

 fast in dwelling-rooms, if the rooms an torem^ 

 The best are those which are scentless 3^ p 8 * c ™* 

 Pruning : H This is a good time enough for "JW^ 



good-lool* 



branches from Oak and Elm trees, but we 



mid- 



winter. 

 Seedling 



ing Strawberry : J T, Limpley Stoke. A g ^^ 

 -flavoured fruit, resembling the round w^ 



well 



but having considerably more 



colour than that variety 



possesses. _ - wire rope is what if someti»« 



ghts of great wer 



Vines : Constant Header. Luxuriant growth an^ 



Vinery Lights : GOL. Copper 



season of repose ; but on the other hand, it is essential 

 that the pots be protected from the sun. When the 

 plants are necessarily put out of doors during this season, 

 they should be plunged in beds of sifted coal ashes 

 taking care to place them far enough apart to ensure a 

 free circulation of air amongst them. The traininc of 

 conservatory climbers should be regularly attended* to 

 aroiding looseness or negligence, but still leaving them 

 to hang in graceful festoons from the roof. Maintain 

 the plants in a healthy vigorous state, by occasional 

 waterings with liquid manure, as it is important by every 



Asparagus seedlings should be thinned, and' the ground 

 kept m a loose state about the young plants. If well 

 attended to, and watered with rich water, with a little 

 salt added, it is wonderful how rapidly they will advance, 

 bow Early York Cabbages for transplanting, thick, to draw 

 as Coleworts for autumn use, taking care to adopt 

 effectual means for protecting the seed from the depre- 

 dations of birds. Sow also a bed of Parsley for late 

 autumn and winter use, upon ground which has received 

 a rich dressing of soot and well-rotted manure. Let no 

 pains be spared to obtain a good stock of material for 

 Mushroom beds, to succeed the open fields in supplying 



employed for moving Vinery lights of great w b damp 

 ines: Constant Reader. Luxuriant grow" »» ence 5 to app^ 

 sphere have caused the small green excresce 

 on your Vine leaves. They do no barm. bserra tion jj 

 Woodl.ce, &o. : C E A. Alitte at entire >o ^* 

 soon show you the kind of *#«■**** com 

 two kept in your hotbed will thin them. I 



Calceolarias 



SEEDLING FLOWERS. foreW ectf»J 

 A P W. Labels mixed, and ^<*ic&+ 



diXgil* th« hi name ; buff 1 -otjtad mm^ «• 

 is a pleasing flower of good shape , but a W deficIl gjl 

 motted with chocolate is large •«« »hW, b , otcb m 



Lemon ground With dark brow ^ ^ 

 with yellow, too smal .bat a. w po-* 



The others are prettily ma 



Pansies 



fflft yellow a D d choc^te ; a to. « rf j. ig 

 *mcn will make a good show Ao^ w b tto mp^ 

 2, large, rich, dark .elf ; the indei tation o ** W $B 



prevents it from being ^^ cla f'' £de 'and »T^£l* 



same .bade of blue on tbe.de ^ ^ bn)B M» 



.„-. ... i, orange ground colour wnh^ « 9m «A* 

 lower petals belted with the same ; good- ; gworf *^, 

 thin and poor. 6, two shades of faUo« i,, m „ ea- 

 and notched on the bottom petal , fine e, 

 better earlier.* 



petals 



coarse. 













