

THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 



425 



OY \L AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY OF 



ENGLAND.-WINDSOR MEETING, 1851 



PROGRAMME. 



~,imy JTLY 11.— Cattle received into the Show Yard, in 

 FB the'Home Park, from Eight o'clock in the Morning until 

 fight at Xight. 



.4irmn4Y JULY 12.— The Show Yard open for receiving 

 •fattle from Eight o'clock in the morning until Four in 



the afternoon ; after which latter hour no Stock will be 



received. 



tin*r>\Y JCLT U.— The Judges will enter the Show Yard 

 at Nine in the morning, and commence their examina- 

 tion of the Stock.— In the af trnoon. or evening, when 

 the Judges hare delivered in all their awards, Members 

 of Council and Governors of the Society will be admitted 

 into the Snow Yard, on the payment of Two Shillings 

 and Sixpence each, and the public at Ten Shillings each. 



CIMESDAI. JULY 15.— The Show Yard open to the public 

 fr nf Six o'clock in the morning until sunset, at Five 

 lilings for each parson. 



WEDNESDAY, JCLY 16.— The Show Yard op. n to the public 

 from Six o'clock in the morning until sunset, at Two 

 -hill'ngs and Sixpence each person.— The Great Dinner 

 of tbe So iety in the Pavilion, at Four o'clock in the 



afternoon. 



THURSDAY, JULY 17.— The Show Yard open to the public 

 from Six o'clock in the morning until Eight at niglu, at 

 One Shilling for each person.— At Nine o'clock, p.m., the 

 Cattle may be removed from the Show Yard. 



FRIDAY, JULY 18.— The General Meeting of the Society, in 

 theGuildhall, at Ten o'clock in the forenoon. 



The Show Yard and Pavilion are situate, by the gracious 

 permisiion of Her Majesty .and His Royal Highness Prince 

 Albert, in the Home Park, immediately below the slopes and 

 timcts of the north front of Windsor Castle. 



Prtiidcnt, His Grace the Duke of Richmond, K.G. 



Stewards of Departments : 



Cattle Mr. Stoke*, Mr. Jonas, Mr. Milward. 



Finance Colonel Challoner, Colonel Austen. 



Salt of Tickets Mr. Wilson, of Stjwlangtoft. 



Re A € L P ill n v.^ mU8i0n } Mr - R^mond Barker. 



Hon ; Robert Henry Clive, M.P., Sir 

 John Y. B. Johnstone, Bart., 

 M.P., Mr. Shaw of London, Mr. 

 Villier^ Shelley. 



Mr. Brandreth Gibbs. 



to Show Yard. 



Pavilion Dinner... 



General Arrangement ol 

 Show. 



By Order of the Council, 

 London, June 11, 1851. James Hudson, Secretary. 



By the Regulations of the Society, all persons admitted into 

 the Show Yard, or other places in the temporary occupation of 

 the Society during the Meeting, shall be subject to the Rules, 

 Orders, and Regulations of the Council. 



Pavilion Dinner Tickets. — Members may obtain their 



Tickets for tbe Pavilion Dinner by enclosing a Post-office order 



for Ten Shillings to the Secretary of the Society, at No. 12, 



Hanover. square, London, between the 20th of June and the 



5th of July. The Tickets will be forwarded by return of post, 



in the order of application ; and should any remain unclaimed 



they will be sold at the Finance Rooms, within the Society's 



Enclosure in the Home Park, on the Monday, Tuesday, and 



Wednesday of the week of meeting, until disposed of. Each of 



these Dinner Tickets also entitles the holder to a pint of port 

 or sherry. 



Subscriptions —Per the convenience of Members attending 

 the Meeting, the Finance Committee will, in the same Rooms, 

 alto receive any Subscriptions that may be due from Members 

 to the Society. 



T HE 



GENERAL LAND DRAINAGE AND 



IMPROVEMENT COMPANY. 



HENRY KER SEYMER, Esq., M.P., Chairman 

 JOHN VILLIERS SHELLEY, Esq , Deputy Chairman. 



Empowered by Act of Parliament to execute all works of 

 drainage (including outfalls through adjoining estates), to 

 erect farm buildings, and carry out every kind of permanent 

 improvement upon estates under settlement ; to provide the 

 money, or to enable the landowner to employ his own capital 

 and execute the works by his agents, and to secure repayment 

 of the outlay by a charge on the property improved, spread 

 over a number of jears. Applications to be addressed to 



Offices, 52, Parliament-street, London. W. Clifford, Sec. 



ROYAL AGRICULTURAL IMPROVEMENT 

 SOCIETY OF IRELAND.— The ANNUAL MEETING 

 and GREAT NATIONAL CATTLE SHOW of this Society, 

 will take place this year in Dublin, at the Royal Dubl in Society's 

 Premises, Kildare-street, on WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 13th, 

 and the days following, on which occasion ONE THOUSAND 

 POUNDS and upwards, including the Challenge Cup and 

 Medals of the Society, will be offered in premiums for Cattle, 

 Horses, Sheep, Swine, Poultry, Dairy Produce, Flax, and 

 Agricultural Implements, the particulars of which, together 

 With Prize Sheets and bank forms of Entry, can be had on 

 application to the Secretary. 



Monday, the 21st of July, will be the last day for lodging 

 notices of Entry for tbe Show, after which day none can be 

 received. 



All Implements must be in the Show Yard on or before 

 Monday, the 11th of August, as the Judges will commence 

 their inspection on Tuesday morning early. 



All Stock and other articles, except Horses, must be in the 

 Show Yard before 6 o'clock on Tuesday, the 12th of August, 

 when the gates will be closed. 



Arrangements are in progress for the conveyance of Stock 

 *nd Implements, duly entered for Exhibition, by Steam Boats 

 *na Railways, to the Show, the particulars of which shall be 

 communicated on application. 



Signed by Order, Edward Bullen, Secretary. 



Society's Rooms, 41, Upper Sackville-street, Dublin, 



VORKSHIRE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



- 1 - The Fourteenth Annual Meeting will be held at Bur- 

 ungton, on the 6th of Adqcst next. The ENTRY CLO^E- 

 on the 23d of July. Free transit of Stock, both ways, and 

 aaif ra«es for Implements, are conceded by the Railways of 



win. * rict ' Fbize Sheets > for Stock, Implements, or Poultry, 

 with Forms of Certificate, may had, free, by application to 



Sowerby, Thirsk. M, M. Milbc&n, Secretary. 



ATANURES. — The following Manures are mane- 



x **- factured at Mr. Lawes'8 Factory, Deptford Creek : 



Clover Manure, per ton £11 



Turnip Manure, do 7 



Superphosphate of Lime TOO 



Sulphuric Acid and CoproUtet 5 



Office, 69, King William-street, City, London. 

 «.B. Peruvian Guano, guaranteed to contain 16 per cent, of 

 juamoni*, 9i, io#. pep ton ; and for 5 tons or more, 91. 5$ . ptr 



t0Q « In dock. Snlnhut* nf Ammnnli Jfc/» 



/^UANO AND OTHER MANURES.— Peruvian 



VJT Guano of the finest quality; Superphosphate of Lime ; j 

 Gypsum ; Salt ; Nitrate of Soda ; Moffat's Patent Concentrated 

 City Sewage Manure, and all others of known value. — Apply to 

 Mark Fothergill, 204, Upper Thames-street, London. 



_^ _ ^ 



THE LONDON MANURE COMPANY beg to 

 offer, as under, CORN MANURE, most valuable for 

 spring dressing — Concentrated Urate, Superphosphate of Lime, 

 Nitrate of Soda, Sulphate of Ammonia, Fishery and Agricul- 

 tural Salts, Gypsum, Fossil Bones, Sulphuric Acid, and every 

 other Artificial Manure ; also a constant supply of English 

 and Foreign Linseel-cake. Peruvian Guano, guaranteed the 

 genuine importation of Messrs. A. Gibbs and Sons, 91. 10#. per 

 ton, or 9/. 5*. in quantities of 5 tons and upwards. 



Edward Pobseb, Secretary. 



40. Bridge-street, Blackfri \rs, London. 



» i 



pounded his theories on the subject After demon- 

 strating that compounds capable of supplying it 

 to plants existed in the atmosphere in abundance 

 for the wants of all vegetables growing on the surface 

 of the earth, he proceeded to apply the very prin- 

 ciples which he observed in one class of plants that 

 actually did obtain and work up as much of nitro- 

 genous matters from these natural sources, as the 

 most highly manured Wheat field was able 



PERUVIAN GUANO. 

 p AUTION TO AGRICULTURISTS. 



V It being notorious that extensive adulterations of this 

 MANURE are still carried on, 



ANTONY GIBKS KKD SONS. AS THE 

 • ONLY IMPORTERS OF PERUVIAN GUANO, 

 Consider it to be their duty to the Peruvian Government and 

 to the Public again to recommend Farmers and aU others who 

 buy to be carefully on their guard. 



The character of the parti s from whom they purchase will 

 of course be the best security, and in addition to particular 

 attention to that point, ANTONY GIBBS AND SONS think it 

 well to remind buyers that — 



The lowest wholesale price at which sound Peruvian 

 Guano has been sold by them during the last two years 

 is 91. 5s. per ton, less 2£ per cent. 



Any resales made by dealers at a lower price must therefore 

 either leave a loss to them, or the article must be adulterated. 



_. . . . 



HOSE FOR LIQUID MANURE, Fire-engine^ 

 and agricultural purposes, made of canvass, lined and 

 coated with jjutta percha ; it is about one-third the price of 

 leather or india-rubber, will convey liquids of all kinds under 

 a heavy pressure ; it is extensively used at the Government 

 public works, also by the navy, and amongst agriculturists, 

 giving universal satisfaction. Testimonials and prices may be 

 obtained of Messrs. Burgess and Key, 103, Newgate-street, sole 

 manufacturers.— London Agents ; Messrs. Deane, Dray, and 

 Deane, Swan-lane ; Messrs. Tillvy, Blackfriar>-road.— Couutrx 

 Agents : Messrs. Ransome and Parsons, Ipswich ; Messrs. J. 

 and S. Johnson, Liverpool; Messrs. Dickson, Hull; Mr. S. 

 Wilson, Agent for Scot and. • 



A NTHONY'S PATENT AMERICAN CHURN 



£± has obtained a Prize at every Agricultural meeting at 

 which it has been exhibited ; and the Proprietors have sold 

 upwards of 2000 in one year, and received from all parts of 

 England the highest testimonials in its favour* both as to the 

 short time required, the quantity and quality of the Butter 

 made, a copy of which testimonials, with prices, will be for- 

 warded on application to Bdbgess and Key, 103, Newgate- 

 street, Sole Agents to the Proprietor. 



HOSE I HOSE 1 1 HOSE ! 1 1 Improved Canvas 

 Hose, Lined and Coated with Gutta Percha for Liquid 

 Manure, Fire Engines, Garden and Farm purposes. — This 

 Hose is greatly improved. The rigidity of seam avoided, the 

 flexibility increased, the waterproof qualities extended, the 

 price more reasonable. Much research and trial by the Manu- 

 facturers, has enabled them to arrive at what they consider a 

 perfect Hose. Improved Gutta Percha Union Joints of ail size*. 

 Gutta Percha in all its branch*?.— Apply to Messrs. Mitchell 

 and Co., 9S, High Holborn, London; International Depot for 

 Patented and other Inventions. 



t0 



accomplish on the same space, to every other crop 

 which it was the object of cultivation to produce, 

 in circumstances which were quite abnormal, but 

 demanded by the tastes and wants of man. Although 

 Liebig did much to give us correct notions of the 

 manner in which plants obtained the nitrogen con- 

 tained in their structure, as well as practical hints 

 of immense importance in the preservation and 

 economising of manuring sibstanc» s still a large 

 amount of disappointment has arisen from his 

 assuming that "the crops on a field diminish or 

 increase in exact proportion to the diminution or 

 increase of the mineral substances conveyed to it in 

 manure," and from the high expectations which 

 were formed on the promulgation of these state- 

 ments, great discredit has fallen on the other truths 

 which he taught us. 



Since our soils contain nitrogen in very small 

 proportions, and since cereals remove it, as has 

 been found, in large quantities in their products, 

 often expending a much larger quantity in the growth 

 and maturation of their seeds than these actually 

 assimilate, it must be very evident that some 

 plants which are grown in our rotations must have 

 the power of appropriating it from the natural 

 sources — the air and rains — or else oup fields would 



fflie Slgticitltural <5a?ttte* 



SATURDAY, JULY 5, 1851. 



MEETINGS FOR THE TWO FOLLOWING WEEKS. 



Wkd.i>sdat, July 9— Agricultural Society of En slant 

 THUn8DAt» — 10— Agricultural Imp. Soc. of Ire and. 



Tukbiiai, — 15 ^ Meeting of the English Agricultural 



Society at Windsor. 



We 

 Th 



U'iBDAl, — I" — Ag 



KB DAI, — 15 J ^j 



IDItSBDAT, — * 1*5 > 



URSDAT, — 17-J 



vegetable 



Any one who has paid the least attention to the 

 progress of agricultural chemistry within a compa- 

 ratively recent period, must be convinced that the 

 existence of certain mineral elements in the ashes 

 of plants, in very regular proportions, according to 

 the different genera and species, is not the result of 

 accident, but that many of them are essential to 



life. Analyses of the ashes of plants, 

 and deductions which have been legitimately drawn 

 from the facts revealed, have shed much light on 

 the relations of geology to agriculture, and have 

 taught us to look beyond mere considerations of 

 texture for the primary elements of fertility. Thus 

 far theorists agree. The practical agriculturist, 

 however, discovers that theoretical doses of mineral 

 matters, such as would be naturally suggested by 

 chemists, do not supply his " deaf" loams with the 

 materials which will remedy the innutritious quali- 

 ties of his Turnips and Grasses, which he finds so 

 opposite and diverse on soils which, so far as he can 

 judge, are physically similar ; and an application of 

 nitrogenous manures, wherein is contained the basis 

 of all nutritive matter, only aggravates the evils that 

 are intended to be remedied. The most important 

 service which chemistry has done to agriculture has 

 been the discovery of the relation which nitrogen hold 

 to the other vegetable constituents of plants and the 

 intimate relation which its compounds have to animal 

 nutrition. It is now clearly made out that under 

 our systems of cropping, nitrogen in such states of 

 combination as can be assimilated by plants is the 

 chief element of which our soils have suffered ex- 

 haustion ; it being at the same time the most ex- 

 pensive constituent for which the farmer has to 

 go to the market, to buy it — in guano, and in all 

 other manures. 



Our views of the influence of nitrogen on vege- 

 table growth were very imperfect, until Liebig pro- 



soon be reduced to ban 



The conditions 



under which any class of plants yield either less 

 or more nitrogen in their produce than is con- 

 tained in the soil, thus becoming more or less 

 exhausting, are subjects of great practical im- 

 portance in rightly apprehending the principles 

 upon which manuring depends. The question at 

 once suggests itself, whether this is a natural defect 

 in their structure, in consequence of which some 

 can grow and flourish only in a soil which has been 

 enriched by artificial means, or through the decay of 

 others that yield up the nitrogen contained in them, 

 while some plants have the qualities' of appropriating 

 enough for their wants from the atmosphere alone. Or 

 whether it may arise from the external conditions to 

 which we have subjected these so-called exhausters, 

 being inconsistent with their exercising the function of 

 appropriating the nitrogen from those natural sources 

 which, unassisted, are so ample for the abundant pro- 

 duce of the Oak and other timber trees. We must 

 confess that our opinions are more in harmony with 

 the latter proposition than with the former one. We 

 believe that all plants have the power of collecting 

 their organic constituents from the air, if the requisite 

 conditions are maintained for their so doing, but if 

 not, art must supply what nature cannot do under 

 the circumstances. 



It is often observed that, within certain limits, 

 the abundance of one element of growth will 

 compensate for the deficiency of another. A richly- 

 manured field will maintain a verdant hue against 

 very unseasonable weather, when another field, having 

 the same temperature in the soil and atmosphere, 

 will exhibit a sered and withered aspect. Every 

 species of plant is variously affected by heat, light, 

 moisture, &c. ; in fact, each is its own thermometer 

 and hygrometer, ajid the readings of our imperfect 

 instruments are left in the rear. The necessities 

 of man have placed many of them under cultiva- 

 tion in conditions totally different from their native 

 climes, and it is the art of culture to assist Nature 

 in accommodating herself to artificial demands and 

 surrounding circumstances. The elements of animal 

 nutrition are almost the same in all vegetables 

 used as food, but only in various states of elabora- 

 tion, and the various races of plants can only be 

 looked upon as different machines to collect and 

 store up the crude materials and fit them for ani- 

 mal bodies : and, while the products are in a great 

 measure s : milar, the elements out of which these 

 are formed are still more so. Chemical theories of 

 vegetable nutrition are very apt to be pushed too 

 far, if they are merely founded on isolated experi- 

 ment ; and solutions of our agricultural experience 

 and practices are exclusively looked for from this 

 source, while they have often more to do with the 

 physiology than the chemistry of plants. 



A series of articl 

 section of the Gardi 



l r 



milation of nitrogen in plants, and illustrations were 

 given of the complex conditions that vegetables are 

 subjected to, both within and without the soil ™ - 



We 





do not, however, intend to go over the ground which 

 has already been trodden, but rather to take up an- 

 other branch of the subject which has not occupied 

 attention, on which, for agricultural considerations, it 



