THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 



429 



from 



Siberia, is not the plant abuve alluded to, and is of 



however, a 



in all 



ttk food, M lome have ropp o— d . It 

 grand ornamental plant, and worthy a 



is, 



plat 





seen ones. 



M 



We have plant* now about half- 

 mm *n*kt* *° Public inspection, presenting a noble 

 S^rance, 7 feet high, with leaves 6 feet long and 

 ^Cbroad, sending up immense shafts 27 inches in 

 Ijrcumference. A pair, planted 2 yards apart, cover a 

 ^ee of l^ square yards. The Hon. Lady Matilda 

 im.of West llsley, who first presented us with this 

 munificent plant, informs us that she has grown it 

 iTfeet high, with flowers 3 feet in diameter. Hardy and 

 Son Maldon, Essex. 



yjfc Acre. A correspondent in the neighbourhood of 



Worcestershire informs us that there, and in Stafford- 

 Jiire and Shropshire, the perch is 48 yards, or 7680 

 -ardi to an acre. If worthy of notice, we now giv 

 explanation of English statute land measure by Gunter's 

 chain of 100 links. Rule. — To give the contents of a 

 anoare plot, multiply the length by the breadth, and 

 divide the product by 100,000, the number of square 

 links in an acre. For an angular plot multiply the 

 whole base by half the perpendicular, &c. 



Example op an Angular Plot 

 Example of a Square Plot. 



e an 



Melville, Alexander LeftlU, lUeoauk, Wiud*or. 



Darvill, Henry, Windsor. 



H>ers, James Broft. Strawberry Hill. Pembroke. 



Maxwell, Sir John Heron, lit., Spritikeii, csftchan, N.B. 



Caird, James. Bald on, Wigto' -hire. 



William-, John, Fallon field Lodge, Manchester. 



Saxby, Thomas, Ringmer, Lewes. 



Finances. — Mr. Raymond Barker, Chairman of the 

 Finance Committee, presented the 

 the accounts of the Society, from 

 that the current cash balance in 

 bankers was 2584?. 



Windsor Meeting. — Lord Portman transmitted to 

 the Council the Report of the Windsor Committee of 

 the near and satisfactory completion of all the arrange- 



monthly Report on 



which it appeared 



the hanjis of the 



aud prudent nsuuMy ; but the only way to arrive tneieat la t° 

 discuss frequently such matters, and brinjf them before th* 

 public view. N Jthingr could confer on the landed interest so 

 much adrantane as p >wer bein? K lven to the owner* of en- 

 cumbered e«t«ktes to sell a portion thereof for the purpose ot 

 pHjinjroff dtbts. Such a relief would confer present advan- 

 tage on the landowners th««m*elves, as well ai on th aboaring 

 p<* r, by firing them a greater abundance of work ; for nothing 

 is so injurious to the country at Urge as a pauper arts* racy ; 

 nor would any injustice in reality be inflicted « n the heirs to 

 the pr arty ; for a small property, free from deb would be 

 as valuable as a larger one incumbered with debt. Landlords 

 who have the power to break the entail of their estates should 

 always exercise that power, so far at least as to free it from 

 debt. They should also look more elosely to their present 

 eipensire establishments, and introduce stringent reforms 

 therein ; they should, moreover, look more closely into their 

 own affairs, and become more men of business, and not Vave 



Length 225 links 

 Breadth :n 



9000 

 1575 



1.66500 Acres 



4 Roods in an Acre 



166000 Roods 



40 Perches in a Rood 



J6.4WOO Perches 

 Acre. Roods. Poles. 

 An.. 1 3 26 _40^ 



Base 940 links 

 Perp. 4)640 



320 links 

 940 



12800 

 2880 



3.00800 Acres 



4 Roods in an Acre 



.03200 Roods 



40 Poles in a Rood 



l 28ono Poles 



Acres. Komi. Pole. 



*»»• » o » Mm 



Hardy and Son, Maldon, Essex. 



Award of Prizes in the Agricultural D <trtmcnt of 

 the Industrial Exhibition. — When is it expected that 

 tin rize report of the agricultural implements will he 

 made public ! — for when I go to the Exhibition I wish 

 to have my attention specially drawn to the most de- 

 serving implements, or rather to those that will answer 

 my purpose best, am on t the rest to a gorse bruising 

 hand implement, which do you consider the best for a 



ttage Farmer, Hants. [The Box bruiser made by 

 Wedlake has had a high character given to it. We 

 don't know when the award of prizes will be mado 

 known ] 



ments connected with the ensuing Country Meeting of their affairs so entirely to a«ents and others ; for it is only by 

 the Society, to be held in the Home Park in the week 

 commencing Monday, 14th inst. 



Lewes Meeting. — The Council, on the motion of 

 Colonel Challo.ner, entered into the preliminary con 

 sideration of the prizes to be offered for agricultural 

 implements and machinery at the Lewes Meeting in 1 852. 



Channel Islands' Cattle.— At the request of Colonel 

 Le Couteur the Council directed the ale of points 

 adopted in the Channel Islands for determining the 

 excellence of their breed of cattle, to be transmit! 1 to 

 the Judges appointed by the Society in that class for the 

 Windsor Meeting, the Council leaving it at the discre- 

 tion of the Judges to make such use of that scale as 

 they might think most advisable. 



Lecture. — Prof. Way's next 1 -tin will be de- 

 livered before the memben on Wednesday next, at 

 12 o'clock: "On the Agricultural Employment of 

 Lime." 



Farmers' Clubs. 



Newcastle : February Meeting. — James K i rsoit, 



Esq., J.P., of the Spital, near Hexham, read a paper, 



entitled " A Review of Some of the Difficulties which 



Landlords and Tenants have to encounter in the proper 



Cultivation of the Soil." 



One of the giant evils which the landowners of the present 

 day have to contend with, and whit h appears to receive little 

 attention, is ihe stata of the law relative to real pr perty, or 

 more particularly that portion of it which relates to the law of 

 entail. In a Long Beri< * of years the Ei ish aristocracy have 

 delighted in extravagance and exp« Mi of all kinds, and after 

 a life spent in that way, have stricly entailed their estates, so 

 that in consequent f the present proprietors having to sup- 

 port the famil.v mansion, and to pay the Later**! of debt out of 

 their present diminished rents, they have not in reality the 

 money to carry out those improvements which are so requisite 

 for the prosperity of agriculture. It is a well es'ablished rule 

 in agricultural matters, that no tennnt can do justice to his 

 lnnd unless his landlord will give him a lease for 19 years, or 



energetic menus of tbi* kind that the owners of the soil can 

 continue such ; for if pleasure and amusement be allowed to 

 i-ngr * too much of their time, ruin an 1 distress must soon 

 overtake them, and their places be fil'ed by those who, by 

 attention to commerce, have r*l*«d themselves to wealth a 

 influence. II »rtgage debt, as I have already pointed out, it 

 the monster evil *h i h landlords have to encounter : it is this 

 which keeps their heads under water, and prevents them from 

 exercising that heneflci.il influence which o'herwise would be 

 of &uch essential service to the lower classes. Bat how. you 

 will ask me, ha- it happened that » many of the larger e^atas 

 are mortga-ed and burdened with dthi * For a nmbirof 



ears the system which is now found to be to ^Injurious has 



been as follows : — When the owner of, or heir to", an estate, is 

 about to marry, he, generally speai log, roceires the lady's 



fortune, which is expended iu Liquid ai ng debts *l h youth, 



tolly, and bad company had entailed upon him; a<"' at t\ie 

 tirae'he charges his estate with a j inturs for his intended v*ifo 

 and portions for her you sger child r« n. It is very easy to see 

 the injurious effects in which this killing process must at last 

 inv )lve the estnte. This plan Is what lawyers very modestly 

 term resettling an estate : they would be n. h more n ect if 

 they would call it unsettling the estate, lor sooner.'.or later it 

 will no <*oubt have that em ct. 



&o netted* 



ROYAL AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY OF ENGLAND. 



A Woekly Council was held on the 25th of June : 

 present, Mr. Raymond Barkf.r, V.P., in the chair, 

 Lord Camoys, Sir Montague Cholmeley, Bart., M.P., 

 Mr. T. B. Browne, Mr. Buller, Dr. Calvert, Col. Chal- 

 loner, Mr. Druce, Mr. T. R. Evans, Mr. Foley, M.P., 

 Mr. Garratt, Mr. B. Gibbs, Mr. Glegg, Mr. 'Kinder, 

 Col Kinloch, Col. Le Couteur, Mr. Mil ward, Mr. Pen- 

 darves, M.P., Professor Sewell, Mr. Shaw (London), 

 Professor Way, Mr. Wilbraham, Mr. H. Wilbraham, 

 and Mr. Wilson (Stowlangtoft). The Chevalier de 

 Masslow, Councillor of State, and Secretary of the 

 Imperial Agricultural Society of Moscow ; M. Annen- 

 coff, Secretary of the Central Society for the propaga- 

 tion of Merino sheep in Russia ; and Mr. Bateham, of 

 Columbus, Ohio, were also present at this meeting. 



[The attention of the members was called on this 

 occasion to a most interesting collection of presents for 

 the Society, brought over from Moscow by the Chev. de 

 Masslow ; and to the result of extensive inquiries which 

 the Council at a former meeting had directed the Secre- 

 tary to make, in reference to the supply of native phos- 

 phate of lime from the United States, and its probable 

 occurrence in our own country : to both of which sub- 

 jects we shall revert in detail in our next publication.] 



A Monthly Council was held on Wednesday last, 

 the 2d of July t present, the Hon. R. H. Clive, M.P., 

 Trustee, in the chair, Sir M. W. Ridley, Bart, Sir J. 

 B. V. Johnstone, Bart. M.P., Sir M. J. Cholmeley, 

 Bart. M.P., Sir R. Price, Bart. M.P., Mr. Raymond 

 Barker, Mr. S. Bennett, Mr. H. Blanshard, Mr. Bram- 

 ston, M.P., Col. Challoner, Mr. Druce, Mr. Foley, M. P., 

 Mr. Garrett, Mr. Brandreth Gibbs, Mr. Fisher Hobbs, 

 Mr. Law Hodges, M.P., Mr. Kinder, Mr. Lawes, Mr. 

 Milward, Mr. Pendarves, M.P., Prof. Sewell, Mr. Shaw, 

 (London), Mr. Stansfield, M.P., Mr. C. H. Turner, 

 Prof. Way, Mr. Jonas Webb, Mr. Wilson (Stowlang- 

 toft), and Mr. Wingate. 6 



Henry Richard Eyre, Esq., of Shaw House, Newbury, 

 Berkshire, was elected a Governor of the Society. The 

 following new members were elected : 



Topham, Abraham, Hi^h Mowthorpe, Malton, Yorkshire. 



Greenham, Frederick, Hendford House. Yeovil, Som. 



Wright, T. H., Union street, Birmingham. 



Torcliffe, Thomas. Borough House,* Ufracombe, Devon. 



Sawyer, Charles, Hey wood Lodge. Maidenhead, Berks. 



Besly, William, Dunmoor House, Bradninch, Collumpton. 



Atkinson, William, Ashton Hoyes, Chester. 



Waters, John, Eastbourne, Sussex. 



Child, Coles, The Palace, Brom'ey, Kent. 



Busby Henry Goodear, Moreton- in. Marsh, Gloucester. 



llent, John Dent, Ribttone-park, Wetherby, Yorkshire. 



Johnson, Arthur Harry. Heath6eld, Hatlsham, Sussex. 



Wugent, Walter, Thurloe-square, Brompton. 



St. Aubyn, H T. Molesworth, Clowance, Cornwall. 



Jtjckard, Thomas Martyn, Devonport. 



Klorsa, Colonelda Francisco Mariade, Oviedo and Guipuxcoa. 



£e*tham. John, Great Burdon, Darlington. 



faviell, Jeremiah Bourn, 8tockeld Park, Wetherby. 







thereabouts; that be cannot, as a prudent man. lead materials 

 for buildings and put his laud into a good state without having 

 a certainty of tenure ; how, then, allow me to ask jou, can a 

 landlord who holds an entailed estate, and who, owing to bad 

 health or advanced years, expects the lease of his life to expire 

 every day -how can such a man be reaaonably asked to incur 

 the larger expense of building and draining, when, in reality, 

 his own lease of the estate is much shorter (because so much 

 more uncertain } than the tenant's ? I am perfectly well aware 

 that a partial but insufficient remedy is provided for such 

 cases by the Drainage Act, which enables landlords to borrow 

 money of Government, paying <3J. 10s. per cent, for the same 

 for 22 years, after which all payments cease ; and we 

 constantly hear this act extolled as a boon to the agri- 

 cultural interest, and we hear intelligent people say, " Oh, 

 borrow money of Government, and your tenant will pay you 

 51. per cent., so that you will only have to pay 30*. per cent., 

 and so get your land drained fo cheap ! " But stay and reflect 

 a moment, and look at both sides of the picture, before you 

 indulge in so much praise of the act. In the first place, if a 

 landlord is required to pay 61. 10i. per cent, for borrowed 

 money, an insupportable burden is added to his present debts, 

 which is quite sufficient to ruin him ; for what consolation is it 

 to a man who now requires money, and is in difficulties, to 

 reflect that 22 years htitec, these payments will cease, and his 

 land be improved ? If no better remedy than this can be 

 found, he is to be pitied indeed. But even suppose a tenant 

 agrees to pay 55. an acre more for his land when drained, he 

 will very soon require a reduction of 5j. an acre, in conse- 

 quence of low prices ; so that the landlord is just in the same 

 state as he was, with the pleasing reflection that he has an 

 annuity of 61. 10#. per cent, to pay to Government. Suppose, 

 for instance, a tenant pays 300i. per annum for rent, and the 

 landlord agrees to spend lOOOi. in draining, for which the tenant 

 agrees to pay 501. a year. The rent of that farm, in truth aud 

 in fact, is 3501. ; and no landlord can impose upon an intelli- 

 gent tenant by calling the 502. interest money ; for if the tenant 

 has to pay the amount, the name of it Is of little consequence. 

 Another difficulty which landlords meet with is, that they are 

 not, generally speaking, practical farmers ; the consequence is, 

 that they cannot see the wants of their tenants and provide for 

 them. When a landlord possesses practical knowledge, the 

 tenants and land are always better taken care of, because the 

 real war.ts of a tenant are seen in a moment, and remedied if 

 possible, and the slovenly and dishonest tenant is checked by 

 knowing that his tricks will soou be exposed — Now that I have 

 called attention to a few of the difficulties of a landlord, let us 

 review shortly the difficulties of tenants. In the first place, the 

 great Competition which existed at one time for farms, and the 

 system of letting by proposal or auction, induced many farmers 

 to bid more than they valued the land at, in the hope that, 

 when once in possession, they could effect a reduction. The 

 consequence produced was, that disappointment, bad farming, 

 and arrears of rent son made their appearance. Insufficient 

 Cipitalis also a difficulty which tenants have to regret. Pro- 

 f ssor Low, of the Univ rsity of Edinburgh, says "that a tenant 

 should have 01. an acre capital, if he wishes to do well ;" and 

 other writers think he should be able to command even more ; 

 but, if we look around, how many do we each know who can- 

 not boast of any such sum! The consequence is, that they 

 are compelled to sell their produce at a loss, when by keeping 

 it a larger price might be realised.— Nothing adds so much to 

 a farmer's prosperity, as his having at all times at his door an 

 abundant supply of skilful and cheap labour; but the farmers 

 are in a great measure deprived of this advantage by the odious 

 and cruel law of settlement, as it exists at present in this 

 country. The gentlemen whom I now address are too well 

 aware of the nature and working of this law, of the hardships I 

 it inflicts on the real poor, to make It requisite for me to enter 

 into details, further than by saying that this law ought to be 

 entitled i4 An Act for driving the Poor out of the rural dis- 

 tricts, and compelling them to go and reside amid the haunts 

 of vice and immorality in large towns." — I shall now proceed 

 to consider a few of the remedies which are required to brin^ 

 the landed interest to a healthy 6tate. It is always a much 

 ore easy task to point out a difficulty than to suggest a safe 



D< ations of the 0x4ribe ; or the Natural History of 

 Bulls, Bis , and Jh/ffuloes. E itingaU the Inoton 

 species, ami the more remark* t hie varieties of tht *nus 

 lios. By Geor- Vasey. Illustrated by Tl Engrav- 

 ings on Wood by the Author. O. Higgs, 421, Strand. 

 This work will interest the naturalist more than tho 

 farmer. It relates to the scienpe — the z- logv of tho 

 subject, rather than to its economics. But the former 

 ought not to b< lisreganled, even by those to whom the 

 latter is of the LUOtt con<-( rn. It would be but a poor 

 compliment to the agriculturists of England to suppose 

 them capable of interest in only the money-making 

 aspect of their profession : and the detail of what is known 

 regarding a genus of animals, to which they owe so 

 much, will surely still preserve their attention, even 

 when it departs from the particulars to which the mere 

 breeder and feeder of stock devotes himself. 



illustrated bv wood 



Mr. Vasey's work is fully illustrated by 

 engravings ; some of the cuts we cannot speak vrry 

 well of; those, for instance, of the short-horn, Here- 

 ford, aud Highland breeds are obviously incorrect ; 

 and of many of the others we are unable to give 

 an opinion. The descriptive part of the work seems 

 written with the fulness and confidence of an actual 

 observer, and is probably trustworthy. Mr. Vasey 

 has, however, unfortunately had the bad taste, as 

 we consider it, to travel out of his way in order to 

 criticise with sarcastic severity the descriptions of 

 naturalists of acknowledged eminence ; and his own 

 performance will therefore doubtless have to stand a 

 closer aud less kindly qriticism than it would otherwise 

 have received. His work would have been equally 

 satisfactory, and his authorship would have left a more 

 agreeable impression on the minds of his readers, if the 

 appendices on " the indefinite definition of Col. Hamil- 

 ton Smith," and "Mr. Swainsons' transcendental attempt 

 at classification " had been omitted. 



METEOROLOGICAL REPOIIT.— Jdne. 

 (Continued from pages 413, 414.) 



Date. 



Time. Max. Mln. 



Wind,— WiiTnia. 



June 24 11.40 a,m. 



25 



2.. 



10.20 p.m. 



7 





 65 



10 



a.m 

 p.m. 

 a.m. 

 p.m. 



30.18 



• - - 





30.18 



• • • 



27 G 30 a.m 



30.14 



30.18 



■ - 



30.18 





1 1 • 



30.02 



■ ■ . 



28 



29 



10.20 p.m. 

 7 a.m.! 30.03 

 1.30 p m. 30.C 

 4.30 p.m 



30 



10.50 

 10.20 



a.m. 

 p.m 



• • • 



30.01 



6 25 a.m. 

 1.40 p.m. 



• • • 



30.60 



• • . 



11.40 a.m., breeze sprun/ up 

 at SSW., and barometer 

 receded. 1.30 p.m., wind 

 SW., increasing. 



Brielt breeze, barometer and 

 wind steady till night. 



SW. all day. Moderate ; 

 hot Eunny clear day. 



SSW. Light wind* ; cloud- 



30,08 1 less hot day. Dense fog at 



6 A.M. 



a.m. ESE. to SSE. Moderate 



breezei ; hot sunny day. 

 p M. SE. to ESE. 



6 p.m. ENE., 10.20 NE. 



Barom. steady ; thermometer 

 on a stick in garden, clear 

 of all reflected heat, rose 

 from 60° at 6 am. to 102° at 

 10 a.m., and to 104° at nocn. 



a.m. NE., p.m. ENE. Another 

 hot cloudless day, but less 

 oppressive ; a brisk bree ze 

 all day. 



ENE. all daj. Moderate, in- 

 creasing p.m. Bright warm 



day. 

 ENE. GentTe breeze, thin 

 fleecy c T ouds ; sunny day. 



30.02 



• » • 



■ • • 



30.01 



• « . 



30.01 



• - • 



0.09 



• This storm came from the westward, and travelled east- 

 ward, over France ; after it had parsed the meridian of Eng- 

 land the t :mperature fell. 



Dorchester, July 3d. F * p - B 3r - 



( To be continued.) 



Miscellaneous. 



Patent dated December 7th, 1850.— Alexander Main, 

 of Glasgow, accountant, for certain improvements in 



treating the fleeces of sheep, when on the animals (a 



