a%^i85i.j 



THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 



441 





-.lOYAL AGRICULTURAL IMPROX E.ULNT 



U OCIBTY -IRELAND -The ANNUAL MEETING 

 J ?mT NATIONAL CATTLE SHOW of this Society 



■*i?k«Uct thVremr ia Dublin. it the Royal DnM'n 9oc»ety'i 

 2^ P KUdareUfi^et, on WEDNESDAY. AUGUST 13th. 

 ^STdairKiofToVi which occasion ONE THOUSAND 

 A*i>* aad upwmHs. including the Challenge Cup and 

 IJi^t of the Society, will be offered in premiums for Cattle 

 **^ Sheep. Swine, Poulirj, Dairy Pr^uce, Flax, and 

 A-^altural Implements, the particulars of which, together 

 JSTpnse SherU and b ank forms of Entry, can be had on 



iiMr«r A " to the Secretary. . 



^da? the 2lst of July, will be the last day for lodging 

 JSats of Entry for the Show, after which day none can be 



TlV Wenienrs must be in the Show Yard on or before 

 tfoadsj. the 11th of August, as the Judges will commence 



■fr inspect i>n on Tuesday morning early. . 



?11 Stock and other articles, except Horses, must be in tne 

 Yard before 6 o'clock on Tuesday, the 12th of August, 



mi the gates will be closed. am 



The city of Dublin 8team-paeket Company have undertaken 



-earn all Stock and Implements, regularly entered for Ex- 



MMtieo. free of all expense from Li vet pool to Dublin, on 



odftf the proper form of certificate, to be had from the 



gigned by Order, Edwaed Bdllik, Secretary. 



Society's Rooms, 41, Upper Sackville-street, Dublin. 



PERUVIAN GUANO. 

 CAUTION TO AGRICULTURISTS. - 



O It being notorious that extensive adulterations of this 



M AN L* RE are »till carried on, 



*^ ANTONY GIBBS A*D SONS. AS THE 



ONLY IMPORTERS OF PERUVIAN GUANO, 



Consider it to be their duty to the Peruvian Government and 



so the Public again to recommend Farmers and all others who 



it to be carefully on their guard. 



Ths character of the parties from whom they purchase will 

 /rfeouriebe the best security, and in addition to particular 

 attention to that point, ANTONY GIBBS and SONS think it 

 well to remind buyers that— 



The lowest wholesale price at which sound Peruvian 

 <hano has been sold by them during the last two years 

 is 91. 5s. per ton f less 2$ per cent. 



Any resales made by dealers at a lower price must therefore 

 either leave a loss to them, or the article must be adulterated. 



THE LONDON MANURE COMPANY beg to 

 offer, as under, CORN MANURE, most valuable for 

 sprinic dressing— Concentrated Urate, Superphosphate of Lime, 

 Nitrate of Soda, Sulphate of Ammonia, Fishery and Agricul- 

 tural Salts, Gypsum, Fossil Bones, Sulphuric Acid, and every 

 other Artificial Manure ; alto a constant supply of English 

 and Foreign Linseed-cake. Peruvian Guano, guaranteed the 

 genuine importation of Messro. A. Gibbs and Sons, 91. 10s, per 

 ton, or 91. At. in quantities of 5 tons and upwards. 



Edward Pdeskb, Secretary. 



40. Bridge-street, Blackfriars. London. 



MANURES.— The following Manures are manu- 

 factured at Mr. Lawks's Factory, Deptford Creek : 



Clover Manure, per ton £11 



Turnip Manure, do 7 



Superphosphate of Lime 7 



8ulphuric Acid and Coprolites ... ... 5 



Office, 69, King William-street, City, London. 

 K.B. Peruvian Guano, guaranteed to contain 16 per cent, of 

 Ammonia, 9k 10s. per ton ; and for 5 tons or more, 91. 5i. per 

 too, in dock. Sulphate of Ammonia, &c. 



UANO AND OTHER MANURES.— Peruvian 



Guano of the finest quality* Superphosphate of Lime ; 

 Gypsum; Salt ; Nitrate of Soda ; Moffat's Patent Concentrated 

 City Sewage Manure, and all others of known value.— Apply to 

 Mama Fothesqill, 204, Upper Thames-street, London. 





 



CARSON'S ORIG1IS \L ANTI-CORROSION 

 PAINT, special'y patronisd by the BriiUh and othtr 

 Governments, the Hon. East India Company, the principal 

 Dock Companies, most public bodies, and by t uNobihtv, 

 Gentry, and Clergy, for out-door work at their country seatt- 

 The Anti-Corrosion is particularly recommended as ihe mot-t 

 durable out-poor Paint ever invented, for the preservation of 

 every description of Wood, Iron, Stone, Brick, Compo. Cemen , 

 6c, work, as has been proved by the practical test of upwards 

 of 60 years, and by the numerous (between 500 and 600) testi- 

 monials in its favour, and which, from the rank and station in 

 society of those who have piven them, have never yet been 

 equalled by anything of the kind hitherto brought before the 



public notice. 



Lists of Colours and Prices, together with a Copy of the TestL 

 monials, will be sent on application to Waltfb Cassom and 

 Son, No. 9, Great Winchester-street, Old Broad-street, Royal 



Exchange, London. 

 No Agents.— Ail orders are particularly requested to be sent 



direct. 



Of 



Eht agricultural 0a;ttte 



SATURDAY, JULY 12, 1851. 



MEETINGS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK 

 TriiDU, Julj IS 1 || 



WlDHIIDAI, — 16 > 

 TBDim»J, — 17) 



TauaiDAi, — 17— Agricultural 



•tin* of the English Agricultural 

 Society at Windsor. 



HOSE FOR LIQUID MANURE, Fire-engines, 

 and agricultural purposes, made of canvass, lined and 

 coated with gutta percha ; it is about one-third the price of 

 leather or india-rubber, will convey liquids of all kinds under 

 a heavy pressure ; it is extensifely used at the Government 

 public works, also by the navy, and amongst agriculturists, 

 giving universal satisfaction. Testimonials and prices may be 

 obtained of Messrs. Burgess and Key, 103, Newgate-street, sole 

 manufacturers. — London Agents: Messrs. Deane, Dray, and 

 Deane, Swan-lane ; Messrs. Tilley, Black friars-road.— Country 

 Agents : Messrs. Ransome and Parsons, Ipswich ; Messrs. J. 

 and S. Johnson, Liverpool; Messrs. Dickson, Hull; Mr. S. 

 Wilson, Agent for Scotland. 



ANTHONY'S PATENT AMERICAN CHURN 

 has obtained a Prise at every Agricultural meeting at 

 which It has been exhibited ; and the Proprietors have sold 

 upwards of 2000 in one year, and received from all parts of 

 England the highest testimonials in its favour both as to ths 

 short time required, the quantity and quality of the Butter 

 made, a copy of which testimonials, with prices, will be for- 

 warded on application to Bceoess and Key, 103, Newgate, 

 street. Sole Agents to the Proprietor. 



POR WATERING GARDENS, DISTRIBUTING LIQUID 

 V MANURE, BREWERS' USE, Ac. 



PATENT TULCANISED INDIA-RUBBER HOSE-PIPES 



\ AND FLEXIBLE GAS TUBING. 



JAMEk LYNE HANCOCK (sole Licensee and) 

 Manufacturer, Goswell Roal, London. 

 These Pipes are well adapted for Watering Gardens, con- 

 veying Liquid Manure, racking Beer and Cider, for portable 

 Gas Lam s. and a^ purposes where a perfectly sound Water- 

 proof and Flexible Koe is required. Hot Liquors or Acids do 

 not injure them ; tbe^\are, therefore, much used for Chemical 

 purposes, as they require no oil or dressing when out of use ; 

 sre particularly suitable \»r Fire Engines, and are found ex- 

 ceedingly useful in dwellln^houses for conveying Hot or Cold 

 Water to Baths, Ac. \ 



Testimonials and prices may be had on application to the 

 Manufactory. \ 



N.B.— Vulcanised India Rubber frarden Hose, fitted up with 

 Hoses, Jets, and Branches complete, with union joints ready 

 to attach to pumps or wa r er cisterns* 



All Letters or Orders addressed to J.X*. Hancock, Goswell 

 Mews, Goswell Road, London, will me'e* with immediate 

 attention. \ 



Waterproof Fishing Boots and Stockings, Portable India- 

 Rubber Boats, Shower and Sponging Baths, Air Cushions and 

 Beds, made all sises to order. 



THE METALLIC PAINT, produced by the Patent 

 Alkali Company, has been extensively used for several 

 years on farm- bull dings, iron bridges, roofs and railings, 

 shipping, Ac, and it is admitted that It covers a greater sur- 

 face and stands far better than any other pigment on wood, 

 iron, Abethaw Lime, and Roman Cement. Fine Black, 251. 

 P*r ton, and Rich Purple-brown, 2Q£. per ton.— Offices of the 

 ^•fcpany, 1, New Broad-st. London.— Johm A. West, Secretary. 



Mr. Pusey has stated, in his review of agricultural 

 knowledge in England (Eng. Ag. Journ., vol. xi.) 

 that " except Liebig's suggestion for dissolving bones 

 with acid, and Sir R. Kane's for using Flax water as 

 manure, he knows of no agricultural process arising 

 out of chemical discovery :" and again, " the more 

 we value the labour of agricultural chemists, the 

 more warmly we look forward to their future pro- 

 gress through the patient examination of existing 

 practice, which is, itself, the accumulated and varied 

 science of ages, the more we should discourage 

 undue expectation of immediate advantage. It is a 

 reat mistake to suppose that men can be made 

 farmers by teaching them doubtful chemistry ." 



Baron Liebio, on the other hand, in the third 

 edition of his " Familiar Letters on Chemistry," says, 

 " Those who should believe, in Germany and other 

 countries, that the above remarks of the former 

 president of the Royal Agricultural Society of 

 England express the public opinion of England, 

 would deceive themselves ; and as an honorary 

 member of that Society I regard it as a point of 

 honour to contradict the statements of Mr. Pusey." 



Now the relations of science to agriculture, and 

 especially those of chemistry, constitute a subject 

 on which it is very desirable that a sound public 

 opinion should exist, and it may therefore be desir- 

 able to examine the differences which appear to exist 

 on this point between these two authorities. The 

 questions, What is public opinion? and, What 

 ought it to be ?— are of course entirely distinct. As 

 regards the former we believe that Air. Pusey, who 

 certainly is in a better position for ascertaining it, 

 is better informed than M. Liebio. Since the great 

 German chemist was in this country a considerable 

 change has taken place in the opinions of agri- 

 culturists on chemistry as their instructor: and, 

 in deference to this change of opinion, as well, 

 probably, as in deference to their own better ac- 

 quaintance with the true relations in which they 

 stand to agriculture, the chemists of this country 

 do not now adopt so confident a tone as they 

 formeily assumed when discussing the details of 

 farm practice. Take the case of gypsum, to which 

 Messrs. Pusey and Liebig both appeal, as an illus- 

 tration. The latter gentleman asserts that every 

 tyro in chemistry knows perfectly that thousands of 

 cwts. of sulphate of ammonia have been made by 

 simply bringing powdered gypsum into contact with 

 carbonate of ammonia : the former has applied 

 powdered gypsum to his dung-heaps, and finds that 

 it does not check the escape of ammoniacal vapours. 

 Baron Liebig speaks with all the confidence of a 

 chemist 10 years ago : we do not at present dispute 

 his accuracy ; we merely wish to bring this to bear 

 on the question— What is the existing public opinion 

 of agricultural chemistry in England ? — and we ask 

 our readers to contrast his tone with that of Pro- 

 fessor Way, in addressing an English agricultural 

 audience on this very subject. 



The chemist of the English Agricultural Society, 

 after discussing the opinions of chemists on this 

 point — which cannot be so simple and elementary 

 a matter as M. Liebig generally succeeds in con- 

 that all his doctrines must be — after 



plants; Liebio teaches that it acta as the 

 vehicle of ammonia, B<»i isoault as that of lime, 

 and Mr. Way, perfectly competent to criticise their 

 theories, pronounces them all untenable, and con- 

 fesses his ignorance. We may be glad that in this 

 country we have a public opinion amongst intel- 

 ligent agriculturists, which does not look for positive, 

 and absolute, and definite ii ruction on farm 

 practice, at the hands of chemists, which, in fact, 

 whatever M. Leiihg's opinion of the subject may 

 be, looks cautiously, and almost suspiciously, at such 

 instruction when it is offered. That we have such 

 a public opinion is proved both by the way in which 

 Mr. Pussy's review has been received and by the 

 style which the chemists of the Highland and of 

 the English Agricultural Societies adopt in their 

 addre— es, ascontrasted with that which characterises 

 those of Professor Likbig, And that we may be 

 glad of it, we argue not merely because we are 

 thereby saved from losses attending the hasty 

 adoption of ill-considered doctrines ; but because 

 the more rapid progress of chemical knowledge, and 

 the higher respect for it amongst our agriculturists, 

 from which great benefit may be expected, are both 

 of them thereby the better ensured. 



But what ought public opinion in connection with 

 this subject to be? for M. Lmiio's contradiction of 

 Mr. Pusey's assertions may relate not to the nature 





his own most valuable 

 confesses that the current 



vincing us 



showing the bearing of 



rches on the subject- 

 theories wholly fail to satisfy us, and yet that he is 

 unprepared to offer any other in their place, and he 

 says most truly that it is better to confess our igno- 

 rance and wait patiently for the light of truth, 

 than to hazard conjectures which will not bear a 

 close scrutiny, but serve only to retard the progress 

 of knowledge. Well might Mr. Pusey speak of 

 " doubtful chemistry" in its relations to agriculture, 

 had he no other instance than that of gypsum to 



to. Sir H. Davy taught that its value 



the food 



appeal 



arose from its direct agency as 



of the existing public opinion, but to the particular 

 topics which are referred to as justifying it. Now 

 we could wish for no better public opinion on the 

 subject than that which Mr. Pusey himself, and we 

 have no doubt the great majority of intelligent 

 farmers already hold ; and for the soundness of 

 which, we, as farmers, and the professors of an art, 

 may, without presumption, contend withM. Liebio, 

 who, though most highly distinguished as the pro- 

 fessor of a science, is not a professional agriculturist 

 The public opinion then, that seems most desirable, 

 is one which, while it admits the great value of that 

 knowledge of causes which chemistry is continually 

 approaching, shall, at the same time, hold very 

 loosely the trustworthiness of individual do-mnes, 

 especially those of recent date, which have been 

 ubject to the test of mere laboratory experiment. 

 Of course, we do not pretend to ask any one to sus- 

 pend his faith in those facts of chemical science on 

 which all men of science are agreed: we advise 

 merely that he should not place the theories of agri- 

 cultural chemistry on the same step in the scale of 

 trustworthiness with those chemical and agricul- 

 tural facts with which they are connected. We 

 quote a first-rate authority when we say, that 

 the chemistry of soils has, as yet, scarcely been 

 investigated, and we have only just now' learned 

 that chemical changes, which in the abstract form 

 are looked upon as axioms of science, are suspended 

 or altogether reversed when the soil is the sphere 



of their operations.* 



It is surely quite possible that distrust of much 

 of the existing theory of agricultural chemistry may 

 co-exist with a full conviction of the great value of 

 the true theory, to which we are making daily 

 approximations ; we have no doubt that this distrust 

 and this conviction exist in many of the most 

 intelligent minds of the present day, among both 

 the farmers and the chemists of England. That the 

 former will gradually and reasonably disappear, 

 while the latter shall wax stronger and stronger, we 

 have every reason to hope and believe. 



REPORT ON THE AGRICULTURAL SECTION 



OF THE GREAT EXHIBITION. 

 No. IX. — Machines of local use occur in the Agricultural 

 department,— as, for instance, Hop-bagging machines, 

 for compressing Hops into their bags, after the same 

 manner that powders and many articles of grocery, &c, 

 are squeezed into packets and cases. These machines 

 are designed to effect, with less expence of time and 

 labour, the work usually done by men's feet. There are 

 also specimens of Cider-Mills. We observed one hand 

 mill by Pearce, of Poole, Dorsetshire, which crushed the 

 apples between ribbed rollers of a peculiar form, and will 

 grind about 30 bushels per hour. It has wheels of 

 different speeds, to suit the condition of the fruit. 



Apparatus for Sheep-Dipping seems to be included in 

 impleraents,&c.forthefold. Bigg's admirable contrivance 

 is exhibited ; and the convenience of the vat, the 

 excellence of the " drain," and the suitability of all the 

 parts to sheep of all sorts and sizes, appears to be all that 

 a flock-master can desire in this way. We noticed 

 "Sheep-dipping Apparatus and Sheep carriage, in one 

 machine." designed by R. M. Rome, of Langbolme, 

 Dumfries, which must be valuable to the shepherdsof 

 moorland sheep-walks, or of large grazing farms. The 

 vat is made with an ascending curve at one end, up wnicU 

 the sheep, after being dipped, is to walk into the waggon 

 and down an inclined board at its other end. But the 

 vat is only about 20 inches in width ; and would be 

 useless in Lincolnshire, or on the Cotewold Hills, tne 

 sheep there being far too elephantine to be squeezed into it 



The most novel instrument for the service of tlieflocic, 



• Professor Way, article m eypium," < 



