■. «fiwE¥v.«*v mmm -v--.-. 



16 



TH h 



AultK' U Li UKAL 



ETTE 



^™ 



A t 



tir^ol™. are averaged on that country for ob itring a cheap and abundant supply eoi 



of this substance, will enable them to verity its 



ta>. 3 by direct experience, and to give a new extension 

 to the cultivation of the most nutritious forage plants, 

 which will thus increase in a large proportion the number 

 of cattle, the amount of manure, and consequently that 

 of all the products of agriculture. From the French of 

 the Revue Villagoise. ^___ 



ma 



t esp t t" tl ir 



the wliulti e> ri far,n r ' lble :m<l Gl T \ , 



the r*rt are cltttrgti on the extent of arable land onh 

 Thia is not sir rrect, but it appeared the fan 



enter u we could adopt, as the comparative ten* of 

 Hi^mmnd on each farm was so exceedingly variable. 

 The figures may be relied on as a statement of fa- j a 



t j iev , st— not* -ti mates of what might be, but what 

 tliev at this moment are. Time* Commimoner ; North- 

 allerlw, V'trkskire, Nov. 1850. 



Draining by Machinmry*~-& series of interesting 



\perirnentH have been lately made at the farm of Mr. 

 Ruck, I) n Ampney, Gloucestershire, 'or the purpose 

 of proving the superior advantages of draining land by 

 hinerv, both in time and expense, as compared with 

 manual labour. The machine is an invention of Mr. 

 Fowler, of the firm of Fowler and Fry^ of Bristol. 

 The field selected for the experiments consisted of stiff 

 clay land, exceedingly dry on the surface, and crossed 

 bv a gravel path. The machine is formed by two 

 horfa ital iron frames, 9 feet long, placed 2 feet apart, 

 supported at one end by three wooden rollers, of 1 foot 

 diameter, turning on axles; at the other end by iw* 

 cart wheels. At the end nearest the cart wheels, and 

 between the two frames, is supported a perpendicular 

 plough or coulter of iron, 7 feet in height, 9 inches 

 brood, and three- quarters of an inch thick ; the side of 

 this plough or coulter, intended to cut the drain, has a 



sharpened edge, the other side is formed into a rack, I side, and a gradual slope on the opposite, is selected in some 

 which can be rained ordepressed at pleasure, by a pinion ! convenient place. Through this the sheep are made to swim 



. , ,. . . . * .. . ,i i i | * ii« wm" three or tour times, after which the wool will be found 



or winch working into it, so that the plough is capable , arwWte aod c!ean a9 that whicb ha8 been handwashed. There 

 of being placed in the ground at any required depth. i« B | s0 much less fatigue to man and beast, while ten times the 



number can be got t rough with thfi same ban' 1 ?.. Especially 

 during hot weather like the present, the washing should be 

 performed enrly in the morning, or towards evening, both 

 because if is Jess fatiguing to the .sheep, and because they are 

 more easily collected before they have left their "lairs" on the 

 morning, or when they are returning to them about sunset. 

 I he shearing is seldom all performed by the shepherds on the 

 farm The day hiving been fixed, and it being desirable to 

 hare a certain number of sheep finished on the same day, notice 

 is given to the neighbours that so many hands will be require^. 

 In this way a dozen or more shepherds are assembled ; but we 

 know some who prefer hiring I heir hands, and the plan has 

 certainly ita advantages, hut we do not think they are great, 

 and like to keep by the patriarchal fashion, which, moreover, 

 tendi to foster a spirit of good neighbourhood both among 

 masters and men. We finished Turnip sowing on the 21st ult., 

 and have begun to thin this day* Until wihin the last week, 

 the plants hare been growing, very slowly, but are now pushing 

 away vigorously. Thinning, horse and hand hoeing this crop, 

 will furnish abundant work on the arable portion of the farm 

 all July. A Lammermuir Farmer. 



: supply . continue* fi m at late ou^n^T^^^: 



ad van- K**™ 8 ar V tm ° # *« unfsT?*..*** • 



.tension l ^ ££ hm '* **« in *^»***^ h &**' 



Calendar of Operations. 



JULY. 

 LAXMERitrtvB, Sheep Fabm, My 1.— In our last communica- 

 tion, dated about the 1*4 of June we stated that the weather 

 was ungeniai and vegetation consi lerably retarded. Although 

 the same state of things continued during the greater part of 

 last month, matter- have been greatly changed for a week past, 

 when, instead of v»ry little sunshine, we have had an unclouded 

 sky. and the thermometer at 78° in the shade at noon, instead 

 of 55°. We need Marcel* add that the face of the cou' try is 

 •rrently altered, and that there is now abundance of Grass. 

 Daring June, thecaieof the shepherds has nor beeB directed 

 to any one particular work, hut to the general comfort of their 

 flocks. On flat rough ground-* especially, where sheep are 

 m »st apt to get M awkward," their constant attendance is re- 

 quired to keep them fioin rolling. Indeed, from 3 in tbe morn- 

 og until after 9 at night they must be on the look-our, and 

 even with all this cure, sheep are occasionally lost. Sheep, 

 shearing is generally over in the district, although we do not 

 begin ourselves until the 3d. The half of the stock were washed 

 yesterday, and we expect to finish to-morrow. The universal 

 custom on the Border hill farms is to swim, instead of hand- 

 wash, the shee,', as practised in Lowland districts. A natural 

 or artificial pool, 4 or 5 feet deep, and from 15 to 20 yards 

 broad, having a "jump," or bank, about 3 feet hi#h on the one 



100,0001, 



lis.Gd. 



Fa, 



. COAL MAKKKT 



Carr's Hartley, 13*. Frf^T?." 04 *. Jatsii 



Wallsend Z^Ll^^L^ **&* J 



There «,, larger supply 7 fc.* V uh • 

 beme clear there was a demand f«i but th « <W 

 these readily made : 8. 6d.,Tn^ i„ % *£*» <—— 







Heavy cattle were with difficultV*,^ 1DB 

 The number of Sheep and L^L Spo ^ <* 



demand has increased for sir -i.hu — v** t *»— — ■ 

 prices were obtained, but fa s^* 0n <*' M ££ 

 Calves meet with a steady sa Y e T P **'* °« <W ** 

 there are 342 Be^st* 9-ka tf' * rom Hclls^iJMsi 



Beasts ^O^f' * ,uin n 

 rrom Scotland, 70 Beast's"; and £ P „^V alt H 

 Per st. of8Jbs.-e d '. a p° m Fr ^c - 



Best Scots, Here- 

 fords &e. 

 Best Short-horns 

 2d quality Beasts 

 Beat Downs and 



Half-breds 

 Ditto Shorn 



3 



4 to 3 



6 



3 



2-3 



4 



2 



6 — 3 







* 1 » 



3 8 — 4 



• - » 



* • t 



Lambs "* . 



Calves '" " * 



... i 



4 



' 



in 



• ♦. 



*,Ul- 





Beasts, 3951 ; Sheep and L^mbs, MLUO • Cal^ * 



t'HIDAY, Ju'V H ' VtUT1B 



The supply of Beasts is larger than th J 



tions and many aeeond-rate remain un'nW k**" 

 considerable number of Sheep and Lamb . . JJll b *• 



the iormer at lower onee*. hrnr €«* *i,„ ,. * «. tPa ** U tLm^ 



At tho bottom of this upright plough or coulter is a 

 socket, in which is placed a lengthened horizontal cone 

 or plug, the point or apex in the sain*- direction as the 

 sharp edge of the coulter ; at the back of this plus? is 

 fixed a rope, upon which is strung as many drain pipes 

 as its length will allow ; a simple process is adopted to 



a I fresh v is of rope, as more pipet are required. A 



hole is then dugt in the ground, my 2 feet deep, and a 

 foot wide, as in the present experiment, gradually sloped 

 at tho back, so as to allow the rope with the pipes to 

 eater freely, and the eoulter is placed upright in the 

 hole, with its sharp edge and the point of the plug in 

 the direction the drain is to be formed ; at the end of 

 the horizontal iron framing, farthest from the coulter, 

 is fixed a horizontal pulley, through which a wire rope 

 is passed, fastened at the other end to a capstan placed 

 at the opposite extremity of the field, up to which the 

 drain ia to be formed. Four horses were harnessed to 

 the capstan, which they turned with very trifling exer- 

 tion, thus drawing th- oulter through the land, the plug 

 forming the drain and tho rope with tho pipes following. 

 The time occupied in laying the nine chains of piping 

 was 33 minutes, and the surface land was not more dis- 

 turbed that if a knife had been drawn through it ; when 

 the coulter was drawn up to the capstan it was raised 

 out of the ground, the rope disen ged from the plug, 

 and the horses hitched to the other ends of the coils of 

 ropes, which they immediately drew out, leaving the 

 tiles accurately placed, as was ascertained by digging 

 down to the drain. Another drain was 'then imme- 

 diately formed in the same manner, at a parallel distance 

 or ibout 15 feet, the capstan in the same position. The 

 c-timated expense of draining land in this manner, 

 independent of the cost of the tiles, is about -id. a chain, 

 irom 6000 to 7000 feet can be drained in one day, at 

 an expense of about 30*. Arc. <ect, June 14. 



Oypnm. — The Belgian* •vornment, having established 

 pots in different places throughout Luxemburg and 

 jN'araur, for supplying lime to the farmers of those dis- 

 tricts, in which it had been very difficult for them to 

 obtain that earth, for the improvement of their land, 

 have, by a further measure, ordered the establishment 

 of depots of gypsum in different parts of Flanders for 

 the same purpose, a substance which, although most 

 cheap and abundant in France, is not found naturally in 

 Belgium, at least not, as we know, in any working quan- 

 tities* Although the utility of gypsum in agriculture 



B ♦ - * r, , P nces »hutfor the Utter bJLw 

 maintained. Calves are very plentiful tl» J?*'*** 

 nearly as much as on Mondav K„, ^ J * ^^^ *Z 



From Germany and Holland we hav* %a 7 ** D1H ** 

 and 167 Calves ; from Scotland, 80 5IL... £?*'j*H 

 Suffolk, 300 ; from Leicester and NoSi™^?**^ 

 miloh cows from the home --«-:-- toam l> t0 M» 



Best Scots, Here- 

 fords, ArC. ... 3 



Best Sfiort-horns 3 

 2d quality Beasts 2 

 Best Downs and 



Half-breda ... 3 

 D;tto Shorn 



4 to 3 



— 3 

 4—2 



8 — 3 10 



■ ■ • 



counties. 



Best Lotiff.woola . | 

 Ditto Shorn 



Ewes & 2d quality 8 



Ditto Shorn . 



Lambs 



Calves 



Pies 



6 

 2 



10 



;**« 

 - 



♦-: 





• •• 



2 



4-J 



Ml 





Notices- to Correspondents. 



Felt : J WH. It requires dressing every year, and will then 

 last long. 



Labels, &c. : JO P. We are not aware that the eating of 

 these plants will produce th« effects complained of. W~C S t 



The Exhibition: X. We shall be doing a service- to workii o 

 men from the country, who may be in town for a few days^ 

 and to a-il others who wish to unite economy with comfort 

 and cleanliness, l»y recommending to them the Model Lodg- 

 ing-house, or Metropolitan Chambers, Albert-street, Buxton- 

 street, Mile End New Town. 



ing 



COVEXT aARDBff, Jolt 12. 



Trada is good, and the market i* well supplied with 

 all kinds of Fruit and Vegetables in season. Peaches and 

 .Nectarines continue to be *ent in large quantities. English 

 lines and Hothouee Grapes are plentiful, and the former 

 Cheaper. Strawberries are now in good demand, and the 

 supply 13 abundant. Cherries are furnished in large quan- 

 tities, and they are -excellent in quality. West Indian Pines 

 fttob irom 2a. to 5s, each. Oran«re3 ano Lemons are sufficient 

 »^r the demand. Note remain nearly the same as quoted last 

 week. Asparagus, Carrots, French Beans from the open 

 ground, and Green p«as are received in quantity. New Pota- 

 iOes may be obtained at Id. to 4d. per lb. Lettuces and other 



Beasts, 963 ; Shee p and Lambs. 15,880 ; CalVeg,7H* 



MARK LANfi! 

 Monday, July 7 .-The supply of Wheat from e^^ 

 morning's market did not exceed 500 qrs., that from K« 

 moderate : the greater part was disposed of on iC? 

 terms of Friday last, beinj? a decline of fully & (Z Z 

 highest point. Finest qualities of foreign mut b» <mZk± 

 and inferior 2s. to 8s. per qr. lower than thi« dai 



with a very limited demand.-The value of Barley 1 



— Beans and Peas are a dull «ale.— Oats roust bewritaTfe 

 per qr. cheaper —The demand for Flour U immS* 

 quotations. 



Pee Imperial Quarter. 

 Wheat, Essex, Kent, <fc Suffolk. ..White 



— — fine selected runs... ditto 



— — Talavera 



— Norfolk, Lincoln, & York...White 



— Foreign 



Barley.grind. <fc distil., 22s to 25s...Chev. 



Foreign... grinding and distilling 

 Es«ex and Suffolk 



Scotch and Lincolnshire... Potato 

 Irish Potato 



Foreign .........Poland and Brew 



8. 8.1 



40-45 Red 

 44-47 lUi 



ft. t 





35-50 





Red 



Oats. 



Rye 



Rye-meal, foreign per ton 



Beans, Mazagam 27s to 30s Tick 27 



— Pigeon ..29 — 34... Winds! 



Foreign . Small 22 



27- 



-32 



22- 



-26 



20- 



-23 



i- 



-2«5 



19- 



-24 



21- 



-23 



24- 



-26 



■81 



Miltia j . H-ff 

 Mahhr - 



Peed 



t^ta im 



Feed. IMI 



Foreign. - 



Hamw.: 

 Lotfpod - 



30 EgFimaa a-:' 



27 -uffolk 



24-23 Foreign .:»-* 



Yell aid 



24 



Worfoli .'41 



Peas, white, Essex and Kent Boiler 



— Maple 27s to ':9a Grey 



Maise White 



Flour best marks delivered ...per sackj34— 39 



— Suffolk ditto|27-84 



— Foreign per barrel] 20-23 Per sack'&-8 



FaiDAY, Jolt 11.— The arrivals of English corn tWi»# 



have been small, bnt of foreign contiderable.— In the tim 

 English Wheat we observe no alteration from Monday, ih 

 towards the close of the market we experienced more iagjj 

 for foreign, bnt without leading to business, excepting nm 

 holders to clear vessels were induced ro accept some abito»af 

 in price,— Barley is firm at former rates .— B>ao# aod |F«u» 



aa>adiog are sufficient for the demand. IMLushrooms are a a dull sale.— Oats are difficult of disposal at a declioeafl^ 



Holders of sack Flour insist on late priiM. wf *** 



this 



is no longer questioned, we avail ourselves of this oppor- 

 tunity of stating the principal advantages to be derived 

 irom its agricultural application. It has especially the 

 property of stimulating the growth of leguminous forage 

 plants, particularly of the Pea, Vetch, Bean, Lucern°e, 

 bamfoin, Clover, Lupine, and Lupuline or Golden 

 Mmette. Among these plants, Sainfoin, Clover, and 

 lAipme are those of which the products are most 

 obviously mcreaseu by means of gypsum. It is 



fi triki™ .1 countrymen, the Americans, in a 



striking manner m reference to Cterw, spread gypsum 



as to form, m gigantic letters, the words, « This Clover 

 has been gypsumed.- As the crop came up the supeSr 

 growth and deeper green of the plants constituting^ 



tew more vrsiHe ; and the demonstration was considered 



Sciovfr ^uS**!^ ^ appKeation in fhe case 

 ^tn ^ f P V W \ 11Ch ia5 been wcommended as a 

 ^l Cro for P^^hmg.in on poor lands not easy 

 otherwise to manure^ assumes so 'great a development 

 when aided bjra little gyp^, ^ tD ^J Ac Tsoil 

 into whicii it is introdneed while in flSIl V 



tntie dearer. Cut fl t >were eo»«i*t of Heatbs« Pelargoniums, 

 Mignonette, Heliotropes, Stephanotis floribunda, Pinka, Moss 

 and Provins Roses. 



FRUIT. 

 Pine-apples, per lb., 4a to 7s , Almonds, per peck, 6s 

 Grapes,Q(nhouse.p.lb., 2- to5« 

 Peaches, per doz., 10s to 20s 

 ^Nectarines, per doz , 10s to 20s 

 Cn^rries, perlb., 6d to 2s 

 Meious, each, 4s to 8s 

 Strawberries, p. pottle, 6d to Is 

 Gooseberries, per half siere, 

 2 s to 4s 



Currants, per hf t sieve, 3s to 5s 



only in small proportions with liquid or aolid 



aa the property of abs€»bi 

 ammoniacal 



Cabbages, per doz., 6d to Is 

 C&ttUtlofrer*, p. dot., Is 6d N» 3s 

 French Beaug,p.hf. sieve, 3ato&3 

 Beans, per sieve. 2s to 2s 6d 

 Peas, per sieve, 2s to 4s 

 Asparagus, per 100, Is to 4s 

 Rnub*Tb y p. bundi., 2d to*d 

 Potatoes, per ton, 90* to 200 



— per cwt., 4s to 8s 



— per bush., l»6d to 3« 

 Turnips, p. bunch, 3d to 6d 

 Cucumbers, each, Sdto Is 

 Radishes, per doz., 6d to Od 



— Turnip, p.doz., 8d to Is 

 Celery, p. bundle, 6d to 2s 

 Carrots, per bunch, 4d to 6d 

 Spioach, per sieve, Is 6d to 2s 



Vegetable Marrofrs, per doe 

 Is to 2s 



Onions, p* bunch, 2d to 6 d 

 Leeks, per bunch, 3d to 4 d 



HAY 



Prime Meadow Hay 



Inferior ditto... 

 Rowen ... 



New Hay 



VEGETABLES. 



sweet, perlb., 2s to 3s 

 Lemons, per doz,, Is to 2s 

 Oranges, per do*., 9d to 2s 



— per 100, 6s to 14s 

 , — Seville, p. 100, 7s to 14s 



— — p. doz., Is to 2s Hd 



Nuts,Barcelona,p.bsh,20sto22a 



— Brazil, p, bah., 12s tol4s 

 Cobs, per 100 lbs., 50s to 55s 



are obtainable at a slight reduction. A tew c*p» * **rT 

 Maize on the coast have changed hands during I^tJ* 



27s. to 27s. 6d. per qr. In the floating cargoe* of w J^rT 

 is nothing passing. Polish Odessa is nominally worm »•• « 

 36s. per qr. QeiM ?u . 



Imperial Wheat, Baelet. Oats.i Bti. »"**• *~ 



Averages. 



May 31 



June 7 



I — 14 



— 21 



— 28 



5 



July 



Shallots, per bunch, 3dto4d 

 Garlic, per lb., 4d to 8d 

 Artichokes, per doz\, Is to 2s 

 Lettuce, Cab., p. score, 4d to 9d 



— Cos, per score, 3d to 1 s 

 Small Salads, p. pnnn.,2d to 8d 

 HorseRadi*h,p.bundl., 1 s6dto6s 

 Red Beet, per doz., Is to4e 

 Mushrooms, p. pot., Is to 2s 

 Sorrel, per hf. sieve, 6d to 9d 

 Fennel, per bunch, 2d to 3d 

 Savory, per bunch, 2d to 3d 

 Thyme, per bunch, 2d to 3d 

 Parsley, per doz. bun., 2e to 3t 



— Roots, p. bundl. 9d to Is 

 Mint, green, per bunch,4d to 6d 

 Basil, green, p. bunch, 6d to&d 

 Marjoram, green, do., 6d to Vd 



vvatercreeb.p, I2bunoh.,6d to9d 

 Corn Salad,p.htsieve^stols6d 



Aggreg. Aver. 

 Duties on Fo- 

 reign Graitp 



PlnctuaUons in the latt six weeks'^ ^SsS.* 1 * 



P*lCB*.-BlA¥ 31. 



435 5d 



4? 4 

 40 7 

 3$ 11 

 39 6 

 39 3 ■ 



• •• 



• •• 



• »• 



• » • 



• • • 



June 7, Jim* 14. Jonb21, Jv& 



• •• 



• * » 





z_r 



• •■ 



#•• 



«•• 



• * • 



• •* 



• •• 



• •• 



• *• 



»•♦ 



.—Per Load ot 36 Trusses, 

 Smithfield, July 10. 

 75.s to 80s Clover 



■ • • 



• •• 



•» 4 



ff 9 fc 



55 



60 

 60 



65 

 €3 



70 



New do, 



Straw 



• •• 



• •• 



• •• 



• *• 



maunring 



ZZ^^SSKZSfr^^ 



r m 



great a part of 



&eir fertilising power. The mean* tkui r placed " bv the 



B^gao Gorernmeat within the reach of 2* fanai of 



! A dull trade. 



P^™ TI.T a CrMBEELAND Mawh, July 10. 



Prime Meadow Hay 84s to ^8s Interior 

 Inferior ditto 65 72 " - ~* 



**"£[** ^ 72 



Id Clover 95 105 



75s to 95s 

 60 75 

 26 31 

 J. C00PE&, 



Liveepool, Toesdat, Jolt 8.— At tb nmMM 



wa» aeood attendance of the town and c <>°;' J wbfat ni 



^'> m "S% 



make 



sstsr**** 



• •• 



• « i 



«** 



New Clover 

 Straw 



• •• 



* ■ • 



80s to 88s 

 80 88 

 28 32 





HOPS.-Fridat, JuIyTl. 



Messrs. Fattenden and Smith 



Joshoa Bakes, 



report that tbe market 



evinced more disposition to 



Flour met with a slight advance. V** 9 ??*£],*■ 

 difficult to dispose of, and Jd. per 45 lbs andb n. p* ^ 

 Barley, Beans, and Peas were in ^oderaie 1 ^ 



rates. Indian Com attracted little a ^"f VrU ** <*f 

 yellow Amencan was offered at 28s. per V- Jgl jj£ 



1> inir a r. duction of fuiiy 2s. per ^;-~" v tW|?22 

 We have had another weefe of brilhant weam^ ^0 

 crops of grain, bnt more particnlar ly of J^^of TOgg 

 greaUy improved. The sharp fall in tj^ nim „aWj 

 flour on Tuesday has- brought foj-vrara so» k- ebjT 

 invest, and a few parcels of Amencan ^ wtfkg 



handset folly 6d. per barrel on Tuesday s low ^jj 



small buskioss done in Wheat and Flour ** ^ &*** 

 morning it is scarcely worth while" so q " te*f^ tt w 



prices, but there was evidently a ™™* ld flut be &***>[# 



d purchases could n ^o*^ 



rS"**TT 



tra*1e than on Tuesday, ana puruu«— — ia p j ^ 



low rates of that day. I ndian , C c °I n fn 1W per e* **£,* 

 Ireland, and it was offering at 6d. t0 J^^ h ottr ^ 

 The American beat yellow corn wa# not $ ^ » ^w^ 

 per 480 lbs. Oats, Barley, Beans, ana a 

 on Tuesday. 







