or,— 185 1. J 



THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 



i :.. 9 



rows ; Use crops 



After « cm 





a umaHy sow Oat 



i 



in 



on 





in 



rive the number of bushels usually 

 n per »cx, . the m- line kinds • *™1 *h*> »****> 



i tmmm the _ _ 



hat are die best months for sowing Barley ! By 

 fence (weather permitting) is the time of 

 ii determined on light soil* ! What crop 

 it follow, and by what is it followed ? What are 

 tfct two meet common sorts, and what quantity of seed 

 vtmid you eee per acre ? 



7. What are the three most common kinds of Clover ! 

 Vhat Grass seeds would you sow to aland for one year ; 

 what for two years f I rire the proportions. 

 When are Carrots beat sown \ Describe the pro- 

 *nd give the quantity of seed per acre, the depth 

 gt which it should be sown, and the general cost of an 



Carrots where the rent, tithe, and taJBftl amount 



to 3L P* r acre - 



& When is the best time for towing Mangold Wurzel I 

 Wbatis the beat sort ! What quantity of seed is used 

 per acre, and at what depth ! What preparation does 

 the sssd usually receive previous to sowing ! 



10. What months does Turnip sowing occupy ? What 

 lands of early Turnips, and of Swedes are useally sown ? 

 and what quantity of seed I What weight of farm -yard 

 manure is considered a good manuring per acre I What 

 weight of guano— of bone dust (half-inch)— of super- 

 phosphate of lime i Calculate* the cost of an acre of 

 Swedes and Turnips ; the rent, &c, as in Question 8. 



11. Give the cost of an acre of Potatoes, includin 

 seed, manure, and labour. Rent, 6u \, as before ; seed 

 asssmed at 2*. per bushel. 



12. What is the usual time for sowing Flax ? What 

 qaantity of seed is used per acre \ and what crops does 

 it usually succeed \ 



13. When does haymaking usually commence % What 

 weight of Clover-hay per acre do you consider :i fair 

 cssp! and what crops generally follow Grass or Clover ? 



14. What weight of roots would be consumed per day 

 by a one-year old sheep 2 what by a two-year old 

 beast f supposing the sheep to have a pint of Oats daily, 

 and the beast from 15 lbs. to 20 lbs. of hay or straw, in 

 addition to the roots. What would be the weekly cost 

 of each? 



15. About what is the cost of each ]*air of horses 



annually on a farm, allowing the horses to be worth 20/. 

 each I 



IS. What is the usual cost of a common iron plough 1 

 of a horse cart I of a set of iron harrows I of a two-horse 

 roller ? 



17. How many head of full grown beasts will 1 00 acres 



of ordinary Grass keep during the summer \ how many 

 sheep? 



About what weight of green Vetches would there 

 be on so acre, the crop being average ? what of Grass 

 or Clover ! What material loss of nutritive matter is 

 incurred by turning Grass or Clover into hay ? 



19. What is the commercial weight of a bushel of salt ? 

 of Potatoes ? of Turnip seed ! of half-inch bones ? of a 

 truss of old hay ? of a truss of straw ? of a tod of wool I 

 What is the average weight per bushel of Wheat, Oats, 

 Barley, Beans, Peas, Vetches, Rye Grass, Turnips ? 



20. Wliat account books does a farmer require to 

 enable him to keep his farm accounts, on a regular system 

 of book keeping ? 



21. How many men and boys would it require to 

 carry, stack, and perform all the usual work, in clearing 

 10 acres of Clover-hay in a day ? the stack to be placed 

 somewhere on the 10 acres, and the crop to be of 



average weight ? State the usual prices given for 

 thatching per square yard, or per square of 100 feet, or 

 per square of 100 yards \ 



26. What are the tests for judging of the ripeness of 

 corn :— say of Wheat, Barley, Beans, Oats, and Peas ? 

 What are the advantages and disadvantages of reaping 

 prematurely, or when corn is called dead ripe State the 

 general average cost of harvesting corn per acre, includ- 

 ing eutting, carting, stacking, and thatching ? State the 

 usual prices paid per quarter for threshing Wheat, Oats, 

 Barley, and Beans, by flail ? State the cost of threshing 

 corn per quarter, by the College engine, including 

 all charges \ 



23. When are sheep usually put tipon Turnips? 

 What month ? How many sheep would be required to 

 fed off 100 acres of Swedish Turnips, of an average 

 crop, in six months ; the sheep being in a fattening state, 

 fcM allowed, say 3 lbs. of hay-chaff per day each ? How 

 r *mx two-year old beasts in a fattening state would be 

 required to consume 100 acres of Turnips in six months, 



ts to be allowed Grass, ad libitum, along with 

 about 20 lbs. of chaff per day ? 



(The last three questions were only given to those 

 Who had attended at the College two sessions ^ 



many at first who wea*. mite unwilling to have am and 

 it was not until a few years after, that any of them \* 

 to work in right good* earnest. When th fou i that 

 they were really benefited by it, they were then anxious 

 to obtain more. And this benevolent gentleman being 

 always ready to help those who tried to help themselves, 

 and being anxious to improve their condition, let them 



\\ 



ill i 





any respect for the science fa* 

 plans of our new markets be well digested before bein* 

 pot illto Operation, and kept within he . mat* i 



not handed down to posterity as monuments of ignorance 



of the wants of our feUow-eeeatur . w ho are to coi.*e 

 aft us. Falcon. 



Peat Charcoal. — " Libra" would further much oblkje, 



have half an acre each, at a modi rate rent, as near to if he would either inset' t in your next pap. a statenn nt 



giving more particularly his mode of making up the 

 com- oi peat bespeaks of : viz., the shape and sizes of 

 the sods of peat used : the height of cone ; and say 



iier the cone is hollow like a bee-hive, or a nearly 

 solid mass, with a burning sod in the centre. /. Vivian. 

 Marhimg Fowls. — I am perfect at a loss to imagine 

 why a correspondent in your paper of the 12th of 

 July, si gnhsg himself a "Member of the Society for 

 the Pi uti on of Cruelty to Animals, 1 ' should attract 

 the attention of your readers to my -tern of marking 

 fowls, given in your aper of the 22d Feb. last As hw 

 considers it a practice too barbarous to mention, surely 

 silence would have been its most politic condemnation ; 

 but as 1 widely differ from your cur respondent, 1 must 



defend a method which is absolutely necessary, unless he 



can teach us farmers' wives an < ally effectual, expedi- 

 ents, and less defective m- as the amputation of 

 the claw is effected as soon as the el ken is hutched, 

 and after it has been under the mother a few hours the 

 wound is completely healed. 1 cannot see where the 

 cruelty lies, and as far as I have been aldi to discover, 

 the chicken attains its full growth without experiencing 

 the slight t inconvenience. Shielded as your corn - und- 

 ent is by the title of member of that beautiful institu- 

 tion the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty of Animals* 

 I will not taunt him with countenancing indirectly many 

 cruel practices, which custom has n -ndered lessctRsBsive 

 to his feelings ; for instance, shooting, fishing, « urging, 

 and 1 may also add, ringing of pigs, dfce. If your 

 correspondent's pen were turned t the re\olting usage 

 in Yorkshire* and many other parts of Ki and, of 

 plucking the feathi I from live geese, he would be doin_ 

 a humane act. I presume that an early number will 

 favour us with a new and better plan for distinguish!: ^ 

 the age of poultry than the one in question, otherwise it 



is a pity to condemn a system the utility of which is 

 undeniable* where much stock is kept. A Snlscriher 9 

 Midland Counties, July 14. 



the village as possible, and adjoining a good road. On 

 of the pieces thus allotted was in as bad a state of cultiva- 

 tion as any in the parish, but it is now acknowledged to 

 be in as good a state as any in the county. The same 

 worthy nobleman, in many other parishes, let out half 

 acre allotments ; and in some instances, where the la- 

 bourers were very badly off, in order to give theui a 

 start, he seeded their land for them the first year, and 

 gave each of them money with which to purchase a pig. 

 And they have ever since thri\en on their little farms. 

 It the commencement of the allotment m, the 



farmers in this neighbourhood (as was the cas general h 

 were quite averse to it, and said they should have their 

 corn stolen, and that it would be the means of making 

 thieves of honest men, and that when they wanted their 

 work done, they should not be able to get men ; but 

 through the good conduct and honesty of allotment 

 tenants generally, this sort of feeling has in a great 

 measure subsided, and their opinion is altogether changed. 

 I have known two farmers who ha\ actually let out 

 allotments for the benefit of their poorer neighbours. 

 One of these persons was a tenant farmer, and got 

 permission to do so from his landlord. And although he 

 had the conscience to exact of these poor men three 

 times the rent he himself gave, yet they < I well on it, 

 and very soon made that which was the worst bit of 

 land on the whole farm the best. These allotments were 

 situated a full mile from the village, and to be got at 

 only by a miserably bad road, on which I have seen 

 from 20 to 30 men of an evening, in the spring time, (after 

 having done their day's work) working in right good 

 earnest, levelling in the ruts, before they could get their 

 manure on the land. I mention this merely to show their 

 industry and perseverance. It has been too often the 

 case, in letting out allotments, that they have been allotted 

 at a great distance from the village, and on the very 

 worst land in the parish, and often at a greater rent 

 than is given by a farmer for the best land ; when such is 

 the case it must be very disheartening and discouraging 

 to the tenants. I admit that allotment tenants, on 

 account of their greater produce — through their superior 

 cultivation — can afford to give a little more rent than 

 a farmer can. When allotments are cultivated chiefly 





etartttfetf* 



Home Correspondence. 



Allotments.— I have felt interested in what is called 

 «te " Allotment ^System * for many yeai and have 

 rwticed the working of it, ever since* its commencement. 



La£ * is ab ° Ut 25 years a?0 that a noblema »> the 

 ™«d proprietor of the m i^hbourhood in which I 



^° lived, allotted and fenced off a portion of a large 



fi«d for the purpose of field gardens. I well remember 



* W T* 8 ^ hy SOme ° f die villa S era respecting it— 

 We do not hold with these new schemes. They are no 



8Qod to the poor man ; all that is wanted is to make us 

 as are the poor Irish. And when we have got this bit 

 « land we shall not get any parish relief ? " there were 



GREAT MEETING OF THE ENGLISH AGRICULTVRAL 



SOCIETY AT WINDSOR. 



If large numbers of stock of excellent quality exhibited, 

 and a multitude of spectators of all ranks drawn togeth 

 by them, are the elements of success at these annual 

 meetings of our national Agricultural Society, then the 

 Windsor meeting of the English Agricultural Society 

 has been the best it lias hitherto known. Last year the 

 catalogue of live stock exceeded the number of 700; 

 this year it includes nearly 1000. The position of 

 the show, both for centricality as regards the country 

 generally, and for its neighbourhood to Windsor Castle, 

 has caused a large attendance, notwithstanding the 

 absence of one-half of the usual attraction — by the 

 absorption of the implement show in the Hyde park 

 Exhibition. The labours of the reporter, by the 

 absence of this important department, are materially 

 lightened, and their usefulness very much diminished. 

 It is possible to describe a machine in terms 

 capable of presenting it accurately to the mind of 

 the reader ; but it is quite impossible similarly to de- 

 scribe an ox or a horse. Besides, the differences of which 

 the farmer takes notice are not those of genus, or even 

 of species ; they are those slight variations of shape 

 and quality in individuals which require the educated 

 sight and touch of an immediate observer, satisfactorily 

 to appreciate, and which no hearsay account of the 

 animal is capable of representing. Besides* even if we 

 were able accurately to describe any or every animal 

 of the show, yet, in the absence of any knowledge 

 of the pedigrees of those animals, very little useful- 

 ness would attach to our performance. The effect 

 of the intermixture of certain families, which 

 might be known to all, if pedigrees appeared in the 

 catalogues of the Agricultural Society of England, as 

 they do in those of the Irish Society, and which i* 

 known by long and laborious study to all who them- 

 selves undertake the breeding of live stock— this effect 

 appearing in the specimens exhibited at these annual 

 meetings would render a fuller catalogue than has 

 hitherto been given us very instructive and useful. In 

 the absence of any such information we must be satis- 

 fied with publishing the prize list, and naming two or 

 three of the most remarkable animals exhibited, re- 

 serving till the ensuing week remarks upon the exhi- 

 bition of sheep, and horses, and pigs. 



LIST OF PRIZES FOR CATTLE, Slc. 



SHORT-HORNS. 



Judges. — Thomas Parkinson, John Wright, and James 



Topbam. 

 Class T. Bulls calved previously to the 1** of January, 1319. 

 — l»r, prize, 40J., to Mr. Thomas Wetherell, of Kirkbridje, 



•itv in the world eating wholesome meat, Darlington ; 2d, 201., to th« Rijjht Hun. Lord Eastings, of 



° , , ? Melton Con»tab 



for the purpose of growing grain and root crops, and 

 the tenants are charged 41. an acre, while the same land, 

 only on the other side of the hedge, is rented by the 

 farmer at 2/., it must be acknowledged that the [poor 

 man in such cases is greatly exacted upon. When 

 allotments are let out in order to improve and benefit 

 the labouring classes, an exorbitant rent ought not to 

 be required of them ; if it is, it cannot be expected to 

 have the desired effect. I on re heard a labourer reply, 

 when he was asked if his land did him good, " Well it's 

 too high rented, I don't believe I have anything at all 

 for my labour, after my rent is paid ; but, as I have 

 now got it in good heart, I don't like to give it up, and 

 we should feel quite at a loss without it." The rents of 

 allotments ought neither to be too high nor too low ; if 

 too high, the tenant feels discouraged, and does not 

 persevere as he would do, provided he had his plot of land 

 at a fair rent ; if too low, he might probably become 

 slovenly and negligent. Cases in which allotments are 

 really beneficial are where they are rented at a fair 

 rent, and the tenants have no more land than they can 

 properly manage, without losing much of their time. 

 A few days in spring and autumn are not out of place, 

 as the land will do them harm except the seeds are 

 sown at the proper time. Little village tradesmen have 

 more time on their hands than a labourer has ; they 

 can therefore manage more land to advantage than a 

 labourer can. They, therefore, should be allowed the 

 privilege of holding an acre or two, provided they pro- 

 perly manage it. Almost all villagers have a small 

 piece of garden, if not an allotment, and require some 

 instructions how to manage it, for which purpose they 

 would find that cheap and very useful liitle book, u Pax- 

 ton's Cottagers' Calendar," just the thing ; and no cot- 

 tager who has a garden should be without it, Wm. 

 Griffin. Ft/Jr/n, Dzventry. 



Smith field. — It has been very wisely and justly 

 decided to discontinue Smithfield market ; and the quicker 

 the nuisance is blotted from the face of the map of 

 London, the greater will be the satisfaction of all who 

 take an interest in the welfare of the metropolis, which 

 has so long permitted a quarter teeming with v'ce and 

 cruelty to exist. One good deed having been accomplished 

 let not not the effect be destroyed by mismanagement in 

 forming new markets ; one will not be sufficient for the 

 supply of the increasing population — two should, at 

 the least, be constructed in situations accessible to rail- 

 roads, with every convenience and accommodation for 

 the animals, so as to ensure the inhabitants of the most 

 populous city in the world eating wholesome 

 instead of consuming flesh slaughtered in a feverish and 



raised state, from the beasts being over-driven an 

 cramped in the pens. Should the corporation of London 

 refuse to undertake the construction and management of 



le, Thetford, Norfolk. 

 Class II. Bulls calved siace the 1st of January, 1849. 



1st 



the new markets, private companies may be found ready 

 and willing to enter into what cannot fail to be a lucrative 

 peculation. Our Houses of Parliament have proved 

 expensive failures, being constructed neither with regard 

 to the number of members they were to contain, nor 



prlz*. 2* J., to Mr. John Kirkham, of H<»gnaby, Spilshy, Lincoln ; 

 2d, >l., to Mr. Tbomaft Raine. of Gain ford. Darlington ; 3d, 

 lei., to Mr. Thomas ->eutJey, of Pannai HaU, Panaai, Wetherbj, 

 Yorkshire. 



Class lit. Cows in milk or in calf —1st prize, 20* , to Mr. 

 Richard Booth, of Wariab-. NortfcaUtrton ; Id, lot., to the 

 Hi-ht H.-n. ViM-onnt Hill, of Hawkston*-, Shrswsbury. 



Class IV. In-calf Heifers, not excee<iiu* thr*e }e*r*old.— 

 1st prize, 2<l , to Mr. Char!** TowiieUy, of Towneley Park, 

 Burnley, Lancashire; 2d, 151. , to the same; 3d, lOl., to Mr. 



